30-528: The International DuraStar line, known as the 4000 series prior to 2008, is a line of medium-duty trucks produced by Navistar International from 2001 until 2018. Introduced as the successor to the International 4000 series of 1989–2001, the 4000 series was renamed the DuraStar in 2008. Developed as a Class 6-7 product range, the 4000/DuraStar was slotted below the 8000/TranStar regional-haul semitractor, with
60-519: A European driving licence include (among others) B for general motor vehicles, C for large goods vehicles, D for large passenger vehicles (buses), and are limited by the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating and number of passenger seats. The general categories are further divided as follows: For the "trailer" categories, a separate driving test is generally required (e.g., "C", and "CE" require separate tests). The classifications used on
90-680: A diesel-electric truck , with the International DuraStar Hybrid. International Truck and Engine teamed with the Hybrid Truck Users Forum (HTUF), a consortium of utility industry customers, Eaton Corporation , the US Federal Government and the Calstart organization to assist with the cost of bringing the technology to market. It also provided direct customer feedback and support. From 2005 to 2008, International sold
120-468: A 1-ton Dodge Van or a 1 ⁄ 2 -ton GMC Suburban), medium duty trucks (e.g. the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton Ford F-550 ) and some military vehicles, like the ubiquitous deuce-and-a-half . Some pickup trucks may be marketed as heavy duty (eg Ram Heavy Duty ), super duty (eg Ford Super Duty ) or simply "HD". This is not to be confused with the truck classification of class 7 and 8 being heavy duty. The Class 8 truck gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
150-486: A CDL for any vehicle with three or more axles that has a gross vehicle weight rating of over 6,000 pounds. When light-duty trucks were first produced in the United States, they were rated by their payload capacity in tons : 1 ⁄ 2 (1000 pounds), 3 ⁄ 4 (1500 pounds) and 1-ton (2000 pounds). Ford had introduced the "One-Tonner" in 1938 to their line of trucks. The "Three-quarter-tonner" appeared in
180-433: A CDL for these vehicles under their discretion. A CDL is also required to operate any vehicle that transports at least 16 passengers (including the driver) or hazardous materials requiring placards under federal and state law regardless of the weight of the vehicle. States may extend CDL requirements for additional vehicles, for example, New York requires a CDL to operate a stretched limousine and California requires
210-518: A common chassis; the medium-duty Ford F-Series (which had already entered production in 2000 at General Escobedo) shared its cab with the F-Series Super Duty line (F-250 through F-550). Though smaller F-Series vehicles used Navistar-supplied diesel engines, medium-duty Fords used engines supplied by Cummins and Caterpillar. Serving as the debut line of the NGV (Next-Generation Vehicle) cab structure,
240-579: A factory-produced crew-cab pickup truck variant of the 4000 series. Named the International RXT (RXT=Recreational Extreme Truck), at 272 inches long, the truck was the longest-length pickup truck ever produced for sale in North America. Unlike the 7000 series-derived CXT, the RXT was rear-wheel drive, marketed towards customers with large RV, boat, and horse trailers; both trucks source a pickup truck bed from
270-563: A medium-duty Navistar vehicle. After 2016, Navistar ended production of the MaxxForce 7, MaxxForce DT, and MaxxForce 9 engines, with the ISB and ISL engines becoming the sole engine offerings of the DuraStar. The International DuraStar shares its cab design with several International product lines, including: the TerraStar Class 5 medium-duty truck, the 7000/WorkStar severe-service trucks (renamed
300-530: A separate system of emissions classifications for trucks. The United States Census Bureau also assigned classifications in its Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)). United States federal law requires drivers to have a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate heavy-duty vehicles (Class 7 and 8) in commerce, with the exception of emergency vehicles and vehicles strictly used for recreational and/or agricultural purposes, though it allows states to require
330-484: Is a vehicle with a GVWR exceeding 33,000 lb (14,969 kg). These include tractor trailer tractors, single-unit dump trucks of a GVWR over 33,000 lb, as well as non-commercial chassis fire trucks; such trucks typically have 3 or more axles. The typical 5-axle tractor-trailer combination , also called a " semi " or "18-wheeler", is a Class 8 vehicle. Standard trailers vary in length from 8 ft (2.4 m) containers to 57 ft (17 m) van trailers, with
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#1732858415123360-422: The International 3300 is a cowled chassis. The former is sold primarily for commercial applications while the latter is sold nearly exclusively to Navistar subsidiary IC Bus , for both school bus and commercial applications. Production of the DuraStar cowled chassis ended in 2023, outliving its truck counterpart by 5 years. In 2007, Navistar International became the first American truck manufacturer to produce
390-558: The gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions. In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes are numbered 1 through 8. Trucks are also classified more broadly by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which groups classes 1 and 2 as light duty , 3 through 6 as medium duty , and 7 and 8 as heavy duty . The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
420-465: The 13-class system from the United States' Federal Highway Administration —sometimes with modifications, or in Ontario's case, for limited purposes. British Columbia and Ontario also distinguish between short- and long-combination trucks. In accident reporting, eight jurisdictions subdivide trucks by GVWR into light and heavy classes at approximately 4 500 kg ( 9 921 lb ). Vehicle categories on
450-523: The 1979 S series. Sharing its chassis with the medium-duty Ford F-Series (introduced in 2000), the International 4300/4400 retained the DT466 and DT530 diesels of their predecessors. For versions equipped with automatic transmissions, electronics for the engine and transmissions were retuned to optimize throttle and shifting response, to increase both performance and fuel economy. To increase forward visibility,
480-766: The 4100 was introduced, expanding the model line into the Class 5 segment; the model was discontinued a single year of production. The 4200, 4300, and 4400 were produced in both a standard and low-profile frame. The 4400 was also produced in a semitractor; sitting 4 inches higher than the chassis truck, the 4400 tractor was the only version offered with the DT570 engine as an option. (Class 5) (Class 6) Air 4x2 Low Profile (4200LP) (Class 6) Air 4x2 Low Profile (4300LP) (Class 6-7) Air (standard on 4400 tractor) 4x2 Low Profile (4400LP) 6x4 4x2 semitractor Tractor: 128–189 in (3,251–4,801 mm) For 2008, coinciding with
510-487: The Class 5 International TerraStar (2010–2015) serving as the smallest International conventional-cab product range. The most distinctive features of the DuraStar are the "crescent shape" headlights and a distinctive "black spot" on the left side of the cab. Produced as both a semitractor and a straight/rigid truck, the 4000/DuraStar has been used in a wide variety of applications, including emergency vehicles , towing , flatbed trucks , and cargo box trucks . For bus use,
540-513: The Ford F-350 Super Duty. Derived from the 4200, the RXT was powered by a 230 hp VT365 V8 and an Allison 2200 transmission. In 2008, following lower than expected sales, the XT series was withdrawn. Medium-duty truck Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck , typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also
570-539: The Ford truck lineup in 1939. Over time, payload capacities for most domestic pickup trucks have increased while the ton titles have stayed the same. The 1948 Ford F-1 had a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 4700 pounds. The truck was marketed with a "Nominal Tonnage Rating: Half-Ton." The actual cargo capacity had increased to 1450 pounds. Ford adopted this promotional nomenclature in 1948 to assist buyers, sellers, and users. The now-imprecise ton rating has continued since
600-689: The International HV), the 8000/TranStar regional-haul semitractor (renamed the International RH), the ProStar aerodynamic long-haul semi-tractor (renamed the International LT), and the LoneStar semitractor. Like the 4000 series before it, the DuraStar served as a popular platform for bus manufacturers, with two configurations sold for bus production. The International 3200 is a cutaway-cab chassis;
630-657: The TerraStar sat on a lower frame and wore its own hood. For 2015 production, the DuraStar began to phase in Cummins ISB6.7 diesel engines as an option, slotted in between the MaxxForce 7 and MaxxForce DT, with the ISL as an option alongside the MaxxForce 9. Although Cummins ISX engines had been offered in International Class 8 trucks, the expansion marked the introduction of the first selective catalytic reduction diesel engine for
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#1732858415123660-614: The chassis is used in both cowled-chassis and cutaway-cab configurations for school bus and commercial applications. The DuraStar was replaced by the new International MV Series in 2018. In early 2001, Navistar entered into a 50/50 joint venture to produce commercial vehicles with Ford Motor Company, officially named Blue Diamond Truck, LLC. Under the agreement, Navistar assembled medium-duty trucks for both companies in its facility in General Escobedo , Mexico. Though externally different, both Ford and Navistar model lines would share
690-502: The introduction of the International ProStar and International LoneStar , Navistar revised the branding of its truck model lines. In line with nomenclature previously used by International Harvester, truck lines adopted a "xxxxStar" naming scheme, with the 4000 series adopting the DuraStar model name. This change was completed in its entirety for the 2010 model year. In another revision, to comply with 2007 emissions regulations,
720-471: The model revision, their usage was highly downplayed, largely relegated to places such as the build plate for the vehicle. Externally, International replaced the numerical series and engine identification with script identifying the model series. In 2010, the International TerraStar model line was introduced, effectively replacing the discontinued 4100 model line. Sharing the cab of the DuraStar,
750-837: The most common length being the 53 ft (16 m) trailer. Specialized trailers for oversized loads can be considerably longer. Commercial operation of a Class 8 vehicle in the United States requires either a Class-B CDL for non-combination vehicles, or a Class-A CDL for combination vehicles (tractor-trailers). Industries that generally use Class 8 trucks are long-distance freight transportation, construction, and heavy equipment moving. Vehicle classifications vary among provinces in Canada, due to "differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues". While several provinces use their own classification schemes for traffic monitoring, Manitoba , Ontario , Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan have adopted
780-459: The new International 4000 series sourced its engines from within the company, carrying over the T444E V8 and DT466E I6 diesel (later VT365, DT466, and MaxxForce engines) from the previous 4000 series (sharing other commercial-grade drivetrain components with Ford and other medium-duty vehicles). In 2015, Ford ended its stake in the joint venture; as part of a redesign, production of medium-duty trucks
810-921: The post World War II era to compare standard sizes, rather than actual capacities. In 1975, a change in U.S. emission laws required any vehicle under 6000 pounds GVWR to burn unleaded fuel. U.S. pickup truck manufacturers responded with a "heavy half" pickup of over 6000 pounds GVWR. The F-150 had a capacity of over 2000 pounds, compared to 1500 pounds for the F-100. This has led to categorizing trucks similarly, even if their payload capacities are different. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500, Ford F-150, Nissan Titan, Ram 1500, and Toyota Tundra are called "half-ton" pickups ( 1 ⁄ 2 -ton). The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 2500, Ford F-250, and Ram 2500 are called "three-quarter-ton" pickups. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 3500, Ford F-350, and Ram 3500 are known as "one ton" pickups. Similar schemes exist for vans and SUVs (e.g.
840-486: The powertrain lineup underwent extensive revision, with the 6.0L VT365 V8 replaced by the 6.4L MaxxForce 7 V8. The DT inline-6 engine family underwent revisions as well, with the DT466 becoming the MaxxForce DT and the DT570 becoming the MaxxForce 9, adopting four-valve cylinder heads and exhaust gas recirculation to reduce emissions. While each International model series retained the use of numerical model codes, after
870-448: The size of the windshield was increased by over 60%, with additional attention paid to improvements in ventilation. At the launch of the 4000 series, the standard 4300 and higher-GVWR 4400 were introduced as replacements for the previous 4900 model series. In 2002, the lower-GVWR 4200 was introduced as the replacement for the 4700 series, marking the introduction of the VT365 engine. In 2006,
900-526: Was relocated from Mexico to Ohio (replacing the E-Series van), with Navistar continuing production at General Escobedo. Semi-tractor International DuraStar In February 2001, Navistar released its all-new 4000 series, dubbed as "High Performance Trucks". Developed in the Blue Diamond Truck joint venture with Ford, the 4000 series marked the first completely new truck line from International since
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