90-468: The Drainie-Taylor Biography Prize was a Canadian literary award, presented by the Writers' Trust of Canada to a work judged as the year's best work of biography, autobiography or personal memoir by a Canadian writer. Created in 1998, the award was named in honour of Nathan A. Taylor , one of the country's leading entertainment impresarios, and actor John Drainie . Writer and actor Claire Drainie Taylor ,
180-579: A CA$ 5,000 honorarium to each speaker; an anthology of the lecture series was published in May 2011 by McClelland & Stewart to coincide with the 25th anniversary lecture. The Writers’ Trust Mentorship program provides guidance through one-on-one instruction to a developing writer from an established writer. Three mentors are selected by the Writers’ Trust, each working in one of the fields of fiction, poetry, and literary nonfiction. Mentor select one mentee from
270-694: A £sd -based monetary system or a decimal monetary system based on the US dollar. The British North American provinces, for reasons of practicality in relation to the increasing trade with the neighbouring United States, had a desire to assimilate their currencies with the American unit, but the imperial authorities in London still preferred sterling as the sole currency throughout the British Empire . The British North American provinces nonetheless gradually adopted currencies tied to
360-581: A Canadian writer who is part of the LGBT Q community and demonstrates great promise through a body of work of exceptional quality. It is the only prize of its kind in Canada serving the LGBTQ community; any self-identifying writer is eligible. While no age restriction exists, the prize is intended for those who are still developing their writing career. To qualify, writers must have published at least one book of fiction. The winner
450-458: A celebrated novelist and short story writer. The annual lecture series has invited some of Canada's most prominent authors to discuss the theme of "A Writer's Life" in front of their peers since 1987. Notable names such as Dionne Brand , Tomson Highway , Olive Senior , Hugh MacLennan , Mavis Gallant , Timothy Findley, W. O. Mitchell , Pierre Berton, P. K. Page , Dorothy Livesay , Alistair MacLeod , and Margaret Atwood, among others, have shared
540-440: A common Canadian dollar. The gold standard was temporarily abandoned during World War I and definitively abolished on April 10, 1933. At the outbreak of World War II , the exchange rate to the U.S. dollar was fixed at Can$ 1.10 = US$ 1.00. This was changed to parity in 1946. In 1949, sterling was devalued and Canada followed, returning to a peg of Can$ 1.10 = US$ 1.00. However, Canada allowed its dollar to float in 1950, whereupon
630-618: A cut in interest rates made by the Bank of Canada due to concerns about exports to the U.S. Due to its soaring value and new record highs at the time, the Canadian dollar was named the Canadian Newsmaker of the Year for 2007 by the Canadian edition of Time magazine. Since the late 2000s, the Canadian dollar has been valued at levels comparable to the years before its swift rise in 2007. For most of
720-515: A non-Canadian publisher are not excluded. An independent jury selects the winner and there is no submission process. The prize is announced annually at the Writers' Trust Awards. Past winners include Robert Munsch and Kenneth Oppel . The award was known as the Vicky Metcalf Award for Children's Literature until a name change in 2013. It has been administered by the Writers' Trust since 2002 and
810-471: A noted children's author and wife of George Cedric Metcalf, created this award in 1963 to stimulate the writing of literature for young Canadians. She held a passion for storytelling and published several children's books. The Vicky Metcalf Award for Literature for Young People is worth CA$ 25,000 and is limited to works written by Canadian citizens or permanent residents. In contrast to other Writers' Trust literary prizes, qualifying authors published with
900-455: A pool of applicants to work with over a 5-month period. Mentees receive CA$ 2,500. The Writers’ Trust Rising Stars program is a career development program. Authors in the early stages of their careers receive $ 5,000 and an endorsement from an influential Canadian author. Five notable Canadian writers each select one developing writer with potential. Through a mentorship component, selectors offer recipients feedback and advice. Rising Stars attend
990-463: A reorganization of the awards program. The Gordon Montador Award was presented for nonfiction work from 1993 to 1999, when it was superseded by a reorganization of the nonfiction awards. Established in 1989 by George Woodcock and his wife Ingeborg, the Woodcock Fund provides emergency funding to professional Canadian writers mid-project who are facing an unforeseen financial need that threatens
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#17328553808931080-535: A series of professional and networking events and are invited to attend a two-week self-directed writing residency at the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity . The WT Fellowship rewards one writer $ 50,000 for demonstrating exceptional creative ability and outstanding promise in their publications to date. The Fellowship is meant to provide recipients a window in which they can work on their next book with as much creative freedom as possible. Fellows are invited to attend
1170-502: A signed copy. The Writers' Trust works with individuals to organize private fundraisers called literary salons . Events include dinner parties, evening cocktail parties, weekend brunches, wine tasting experiences, and children's tea parties, to raise funds for the organization. The Writers' Trust helps each host secure an ideal literary guest; past participating authors include Lawrence Hill , Adrienne Clarkson , Margaret MacMillan , and Robert Rotenberg . A literary salon helps to promote
1260-624: A sterling-based unit, with decimal fractional coinage. The idea was that the decimal coins would correspond to exact amounts in relation to the U.S. dollar fractional coinage. In response to British concerns, in 1853, an act of the Parliament of the Province of Canada introduced the gold standard into the colony, based on both the British gold sovereign and the American gold eagle coins . This gold standard
1350-656: A two-week, self-directed residency at the Leighton Artists’ Colony at The Banff Centre in Alberta. Writers who have a strong publishing track record in the categories of fiction, literary nonfiction, poetry, or literature for young people are eligible. The Politics and the Pen gala is a celebration of Canadian political and literary cultures run by an external committee, with Writers' Trust of Canada as its beneficiary. Held in Ottawa at
1440-407: A wartime measure, nickel was replaced by tombac in the 5¢ coin, which was changed in shape from round to dodecagonal . Chromium-plated steel was used for the 5¢ in 1944 and 1945 and between 1951 and 1954, after which nickel was readopted. The 5¢ returned to a round shape in 1963. In 1935, the 0.800 silver voyageur dollar was introduced. Production was maintained through 1967 with the exception of
1530-504: Is French for "loon," the bird appearing on the coin). The French pronunciation of cent (pronounced similarly to English as /sɛnt/ or /sɛn/ , not like the word for hundred, /sɑ̃/ or /sã/ ) is generally used for the subdivision; sou is another, informal, term for 1¢. 25¢ coins in Quebec French are often called trente sous ("thirty cents") because of a series of changes in terminology, currencies, and exchange rates. After
1620-404: Is a CA$ 10,000 award given annually to a new and developing writer of distinction for a short story published in a Canadian literary publication ; there is no age restriction. The journal that published the winning entry also receives CA$ 2,000. A three-member, independent jury announces the winner at the annual Writers' Trust Awards. The longlist, chosen by the jury, is compiled each year to form
1710-425: Is cheaper for Canadian industries to purchase foreign material and businesses. The Bank of Canada currently has no specific target value for the Canadian dollar and has not intervened in foreign exchange markets since 1998. The Bank's official position is that market conditions should determine the worth of the Canadian dollar, although it occasionally makes minor attempts to influence its value. On world markets,
1800-575: Is given to a writer in mid-career for a body of work, and in anticipation of future contribution to Canadian literature. It was created in 2008 from two separate awards formerly known as the Marian Engel Award for female writers and the Timothy Findley Award for male writers. Marian Engel (1933–1985) was an award-winning Canadian novelist and passionate activist for the national and international writer's cause; Timothy Findley (1930–2002)
1890-474: Is governed by the Currency Act , which sets out limits of: Retailers in Canada may refuse bank notes without breaking the law. According to legal guidelines, the method of payment has to be mutually agreed upon by the parties involved with the transactions. For example, stores may refuse $ 100 banknotes if they feel that would put them at risk of being counterfeit victims; however, official policy suggests that
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#17328553808931980-400: Is not given back as change. The standard set of designs has Canadian symbols, usually wildlife, on the reverse, and an effigy of Charles III on the obverse . A large number of pennies, nickels, and dimes are in circulation bearing the effigy of Elizabeth II , and occasionally some depicting George VI can be found. It is also common for American coins to be found among circulation due to
2070-422: Is only available directly from the mint, therefore seeing very little circulation), $ 1 ( loonie ), and $ 2 ( toonie ). The last 1¢ coin ( penny ) to be minted in Canada was struck on May 4, 2012, and distribution of the penny ceased on February 4, 2013. Ever since, the price for a cash transaction is rounded to the nearest five cents. The penny continues to be legal tender, although it is only accepted as payment and
2160-500: Is presented annually to a Canadian or permanent resident whose life has been dedicated to writing, in honour of distinguished work in poetry or prose in either English or French. All Canadians and permanent residents dedicated to writing as a primary pursuit are considered. An independent jury selects the winner, and there is no submission process; the winner of the prize is announced at the annual Writers' Trust Awards. Past winners include Jean Little and Mavis Gallant . Vicky Metcalf,
2250-676: Is selected by a three-member, independent jury and announced annually during Toronto's Pride Week; there is no submission process. Past winners include Nancy Jo Cullen and Farzana Doctor . Created in 2014 in conjunction with the Latner Family Foundation, the Latner Writers' Trust Poetry Prize presents $ 25,000 to a Canadian poet who has published at least three collections of poetry, to honour their body of work. Endowed by former Research in Motion CEO Jim Balsillie ,
2340-402: Is the fifth-most held reserve currency in the world, behind the U.S. dollar , euro , yen , and sterling . The Canadian dollar is popular with central banks because of Canada's relative economic soundness, the Canadian government's strong sovereign position, and the stability of the country's legal and political systems. The 1850s in Canada were a decade of debate over whether to adopt
2430-478: The 1963 election . The Canadian dollar returned to a fixed exchange rate regime in 1962 when its value was set at US$ 0.925 , where it remained until 1970. As an inflation -fighting measure, the Canadian dollar was allowed to float in 1970. Its value appreciated and it was worth more than the U.S. dollar for part of the 1970s. The high point was on April 25, 1974, when it reached US$ 1.0443 . The Canadian dollar fell in value against its American counterpart during
2520-679: The Atwood Gibson Writers' Trust Fiction Prize and the Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction . The organization funds programs and events to help emerging Canadian writers such as the annual Margaret Laurence Lecture , given by a noted Canadian writer; writers' residencies at Berton House in Dawson City , Yukon; and the Woodcock Fund , which provides emergency financial assistance to Canadian writers, named in memory of
2610-528: The CA$ 60,000 Balsillie Prize for Public Policy honours Canadian writing on public policy matters, and was presented for the first time in 2021. Beginning in 1999, the organization presented the Drainie-Taylor Biography Prize to a book judged as the year's best work of biography, autobiography or memoir. Endowed by actor and writer Claire Drainie Taylor , the award was discontinued in 2006 after
2700-499: The Fairmont Château Laurier , the event brings together national politicians, writers, diplomats, and leaders of the arts and business communities. The climax of the evening is the presentation of the CA$ 25,000 Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing, sponsored by CN . The event is popular among politicians and their friends; waiting lists for table sponsorships and individual tickets are common. The 2018 event
2790-399: The Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction is the most lucrative for Canadian nonfiction literature. The prize is awarded for literary excellence in the category of nonfiction, which includes, among other forms: personal or journalistic essays, memoirs, commentary, both social and political criticism , history, and biography. Finalist works should demonstrate, in the opinion of
Drainie-Taylor Biography Prize - Misplaced Pages Continue
2880-671: The Journey Prize Stories anthology. Past winners include Timothy Taylor , Yann Martel , and Yasuko Thanh . Originally established as a grant in 2007, the Dayne Ogilvie Prize was founded in memory of Dayne Ogilvie by close personal friend, Robin Pacific. Ogilvie was a highly respected freelance book editor, writer, and manager. A passionate lover of all the arts, he died in October 2006. The CA$ 10,000 prize has been presented to
2970-455: The Nicaraguan córdoba ). It is divided into 100 cents (¢). Owing to the image of a common loon on its reverse, the dollar coin, and sometimes the unit of currency itself, may be referred to as the loonie by English-speaking Canadians and foreign exchange traders and analysts. Accounting for approximately 2% of all global reserves, as of January 2024 the Canadian dollar
3060-490: The chartered banks starting in the 1830s, by several pre- Confederation colonial governments (most notably the Province of Canada in 1866), and after confederation, by the Canadian government starting in 1870. Some municipalities also issued notes, most notably depression scrip during the 1930s. On July 3, 1934, with only 10 chartered banks still issuing notes, the Bank of Canada was founded. This new government agency became
3150-461: The technological boom of the 1990s that was centred in the United States, and was traded for as little as US$ 0.6179 on January 21, 2002, which was an all-time low. Since then, its value against all major currencies rose until 2013, due in part to high prices for commodities (especially oil ) that Canada exports. The Canadian dollar's value against the U.S. dollar rose sharply in 2007 because of
3240-600: The $ 5 and $ 10 denominations began circulation on November 12, 2013. Since 1935, all banknotes are printed by the Ottawa-based Canadian Bank Note Company under contract to the Bank of Canada. Previously, a second company, BA International (founded in 1866 as the British American Bank Note Company), shared printing duties. In 2011, BA International announced it would close its banknote printing business and cease printing banknotes at
3330-420: The 1¢ plated in copper and the others plated in cupro-nickel . In 2012, the multi-ply plated-steel technology was introduced for $ 1 and $ 2 coins as well. Also in that year mintage of the 1¢ coin ceased and its withdrawal from circulation began in 2013. The first paper money issued in Canada denominated in dollars were British Army bills, issued between 1813 and 1815. Canadian dollar banknotes were later issued by
3420-571: The American dollar. In 1841, the Province of Canada adopted a new system based on the Halifax rating . The new Canadian pound was equal to four US dollars (92.88 grains gold), making £1 sterling equal to £1.4 s .4 d . Canadian. Thus, the new Canadian pound was worth 16 shillings and 5.3 pence sterling. In 1851, the Parliament of the Province of Canada passed an act for the purposes of introducing
3510-461: The British conquest of Canada in 1760, French coins gradually went out of use, and sou became a nickname for the halfpenny , which was similar in value to the French sou . Spanish dollars and U.S. dollars were also in use, and from 1841 to 1858, the exchange rate was fixed at $ 4 = £1 (or 400¢ = 240 d ). This made 25¢ equal to 15 d , or 30 halfpence ( trente sous ). After decimalization and
3600-501: The Canadian dollar as a stable alternative to the Icelandic króna . Canada was favoured due to its northern geography and similar resource-based economy, in addition to its relative economic stability. The Canadian ambassador to Iceland said that Iceland could adopt the currency; although Iceland ultimately decided not to move on with the proposal. Since 76.7% of Canada's exports go to the U.S., and 53.3% of imports into Canada come from
3690-510: The Canadian dollar coin from the dollar bill. When the two-dollar coin was introduced in 1996, the derivative word toonie ("two loonies") became the common word for it in Canadian English slang. In French , the currency is also called le dollar ; Canadian French slang terms include piastre or piasse (the original word used in 18th-century French to translate "dollar") and huard (equivalent to loonie , since huard
Drainie-Taylor Biography Prize - Misplaced Pages Continue
3780-404: The Canadian dollar have tended to correlate with shifts in oil prices, reflecting the Canadian dollar's status as a petrocurrency owing to Canada's significant oil exports. The Canadian dollar traded at a record high of US$ 2.78 in terms of American greenbacks on July 11, 1864, since the latter was inconvertible paper currency. However, the Canadian dollar remained close to par or 1:1 versus
3870-407: The Canadian dollar historically tended to move in tandem with the U.S. dollar. An apparently rising Canadian dollar (against the U.S. dollar) was decreasing against other international currencies; however, during the rise of the Canadian dollar between 2002 and 2013, it gained value against the U.S. dollar as well as other international currencies. In recent years, dramatic fluctuations in the value of
3960-583: The Canadian dollar replaced the British Columbia dollar. In 1867, the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia united into a federation named Canada . As a result, their respective currencies were merged into a singular Canadian dollar. The Canadian Parliament passed the Uniform Currency Act in April 1871, tying up loose ends as to the currencies of the various provinces and replacing them with
4050-613: The Canadian poet George Woodcock . Annual fundraisers include the Writers' Trust Gala in Toronto and ‘Politics and the Pen’ in Ottawa . Money raised to finance the charitable activities of the Writers' Trust is drawn almost exclusively from the private sector . The Writers' Trust of Canada is run by a board of directors composed of volunteers from the arts and business communities, and counseled by an Authors' Advisory Group composed of writers from across
4140-498: The Province of Canada. Except for 1¢ coins struck in 1859, no more coins were issued until 1870, when production of the 5¢ and 10¢ was resumed and silver 25¢ and 50¢ were introduced. Between 1908 and 1919, sovereigns (legal tender in Canada for $ 4.86 + 2 ⁄ 3 ) were struck in Ottawa with a "C" mintmark. Canada produced its first gold dollar coins in 1912 in the form of $ 5 and $ 10. These coins were produced from 1912 to 1914. The obverse carries an image of King George V and on
4230-641: The Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize, the award was renamed in January 2021 in honour of writer Margaret Atwood and her late husband Graeme Gibson . Rogers Communications sponsored the award from 1997-2019, when it was a CA$ 25,000 prize. Canadian businessman and philanthropist Jim Balsillie was announced as the new sponsor in 2021, bringing the top prize up to CA$ 60,000. Past prize winners include Alice Munro (2004), Lawrence Hill (2007), and David Chariandy (2017). The Writers' Trust Engel Findley Award
4320-416: The U.S. dollar for the first time in 30 years, at US$ 1.0052. On November 7, 2007, it hit US$ 1.1024 during trading, a modern-day high after China announced it would diversify its US$ 1.43 trillion foreign exchange reserve away from the U.S. dollar. By November 30, however, the Canadian dollar was once again at par with the U.S. dollar, and on December 4, the dollar had retreated back to US$ 0.98, through
4410-424: The U.S., Canadians are interested in the value of their currency mainly against the U.S. dollar. Although domestic concerns arise when the dollar trades much lower than its U.S. counterpart, there is also concern among exporters when the dollar appreciates quickly. A rise in the value of the dollar increases the price of Canadian exports to the U.S. On the other hand, there are advantages to a rising dollar, in that it
4500-468: The Woodcock Fund have CA$ 1,400,000 to 250 writers. The Berton House Writers' Retreat provides a unique opportunity for 4 professional Canadian creative writers each year to work in a remote northern community for 3 months each. The writer is housed in a two-bedroom bungalow in Dawson City, Yukon, the boyhood home of author Pierre Berton. Additionally, a CA$ 6,000 honorarium is provided to allow
4590-493: The Writers' Trust Awards. There is no submission process. Past winners include Miriam Toews and Nino Ricci . Matt Cohen (1942–1999), winner of the Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction in 1999, was a celebrated and prolific writer who died from lung cancer at the age of 56. The Matt Cohen Award: In Celebration of a Writing Life was established by a group of anonymous donors in his memory. This CA$ 25,000 prize
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#17328553808934680-401: The Writers' Trust celebrating with rewarding the talents and achievements of Canada's novelists, short story writers, poets, biographers, and other fictional and nonfictional writers, Through funding various awards, events and financial aid. It was registered as a charitable organization on March 3, 1976. The organization funds and administers a number of Canadian literary awards ; including
4770-409: The author to focus in the remote setting. Over 80 authors have been invited to participate in the program since its inception in 1996, including Pasha Malla , Charlotte Gray , and Chris Turner . In the fall of 2006, HGTV 's Designer Guys gave the bungalow an update on their popular interior design show. The Margaret Laurence Lecture series was created in honour of Margaret Laurence (1926–1987),
4860-445: The award as part of their RBC Emerging Artists Project, which works to support talented young adults in their development of professional careers in the arts . In 2008, the prize presentation was moved from the fall to the spring, creating the absence of 2007's award. In 2020, the age limit was removed, opening the award up to Canadian emerging writers of any age. Consisting of a CA$ 60,000 grand prize and CA$ 5,000 for each finalist,
4950-402: The award in 1999, and Nereus Financial, a stock brokerage firm, became the sponsor from 2006 to 2008. From 2008 until 2011, the award had no corporate sponsor. In 2011, philanthropist and former Lieutenant Governor of Ontario , Hon. Hilary M. Weston , was announced as the award's new sponsor. Prior to Weston's patronage of the award, the prize was CA$ 15,000 for the winner and CA$ 2,000 for
5040-550: The award's benefactor, was married to Drainie from 1942 until his death in 1966, and was subsequently married to Taylor until his death in 2004. The first award was presented in November 1999. For the remainder of the award's existence, however, the award was presented in the spring of the year following the year in which the eligible works were published. The final award was presented in March 2006 to honor works published in 2005. The award
5130-403: The banknotes indefinitely. As of January 1, 2021, the $ 1, $ 2, $ 25, $ 500 and $ 1000 notes issued by the Bank of Canada are no longer legal tender. All other current and prior Canadian dollar banknotes issued by the Bank of Canada remain as legal tender in Canada. However, commercial transactions may legally be settled in any manner agreed by the parties involved. Legal tender of Canadian coinage
5220-422: The close proximity to the United States and the fact that the sizes and colours of the coins are similar. Commemorative coins with differing reverses are also issued on an irregular basis, most often quarters. 50¢ coins are rarely found in circulation; they are often collected and not regularly used in day-to-day transactions in most provinces. In 1858, bronze 1¢ and 0.925 silver 5¢, 10¢ and 20¢ coins were issued by
5310-528: The completion of their book, and who lack the resources to meet that situation. Each financial grant is given as one time assistance for a specific emergency. (The program does not consider requests for chronic situations or project funding; nor can it consider situations resulting from general indebtedness or unemployment.) All applications to the Fund are processed in confidence. Successful applicants are urged to acknowledge their grants in their books. From 1989-2020,
5400-418: The continued strength of the Canadian economy and the U.S. currency's weakness on world markets. During trading on September 20, 2007, it met the U.S. dollar at parity for the first time since November 25, 1976. Inflation in the value of the Canadian dollar has been fairly low since the 1990s. In 2007 the Canadian dollar rebounded, soaring 23% in value. On September 28, 2007, the Canadian dollar closed above
5490-619: The country. Staff members see to the day-to-day operations out of a downtown Toronto office shared with the Writers' Union of Canada . Juries are composed of writers based on recommendations by the Authors' Advisory Group; invitations are issued by the staff. Prize winners are announced at the annual Writers' Trust Awards with the following exceptions: All awards are open to citizens and permanent residents of Canada. Winners are decided by an independent jury, usually consisting of three writers. The Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing
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#17328553808935580-529: The currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards, when Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873. Newfoundland went decimal in 1865, but unlike the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, it decided to adopt a unit based on the Spanish dollar rather than on the U.S. dollar, and there was a slight difference between these two units. The U.S. dollar
5670-462: The currency rose to a slight premium over the U.S. dollar for the next decade. But the Canadian dollar fell sharply after 1960 before it was again pegged in 1962 at Can$ 1.00 = US$ 0.925. This was sometimes pejoratively referred to as the "Diefenbuck" or the "Diefendollar", after the then Prime Minister, John Diefenbaker . This peg lasted until 1970, with the currency's value being floated since then. Canadian English , similar to American English , used
5760-472: The decision was made to introduce a decimal coinage into the Province of Canada in conjunction with the U.S. dollar unit. Hence, when the new decimal coins were introduced in 1858, the colony's currency became aligned with the U.S. currency, although the British gold sovereign continued to remain legal tender at the rate of £1 = Can$ 4.86 + 2 ⁄ 3 right up until the 1990s. In 1859, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with decimal denominations for
5850-489: The end of 2012; since then, the Canadian Bank Note Company has been the sole printer of Canadian banknotes. All banknotes from series prior to the current polymer series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lacking of any modern security features, such as a metallic stripe. Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will then destroy them. Individuals may keep
5940-417: The finalists. The Atwood Gibson Writers' Trust Fiction Prize , worth CA$ 60,000, is awarded to the novel or short story collection that, in the opinion of the judges, is the year's best book of fiction. Prizes of CA$ 5,000 are also given to between three and five finalists. The winner, selected by a three-member, independent judging panel, is announced at the annual Writers' Trust Awards. Formerly known as
6030-400: The first time. In 1861, Canadian postage stamps were issued with the denominations shown in dollars and cents. In 1860, the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia followed the Province of Canada in adopting a decimal system based on the U.S. dollar unit. In 1871, Prince Edward Island went decimal within the U.S. dollar unit and introduced coins in the denomination of 1 cent. However,
6120-518: The general reader with an informed, unique perspective on the practice of Canadian politics, its players, or its principles. The jurors shortlist between three and five titles. Prizes of CA$ 2,500 will be awarded to each of the finalists. Past winners include Jane Jacobs for Dark Age Ahead and James Orbinski for An Imperfect Offering: Humanitarian Action in the Twenty-first Century . The RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for Emerging Writers
6210-508: The gold or silver US dollar of the time. Unlike other currencies in the Bretton Woods system , whose values were fixed , the Canadian dollar was allowed to float from 1950 to 1962. Between 1952 and 1960, the Canadian dollar traded at a slight premium over the U.S. dollar, reaching a high of US$ 1.0614 on August 20, 1957. The Canadian dollar fell considerably after 1960, and this contributed to Prime Minister John Diefenbaker 's defeat in
6300-438: The jury, a distinctive voice, as well as a persuasive and compelling command of tone , narrative, style, and technique. The jury is free to interpret the definition of literary nonfiction as they see fit and finalist works are not required to encapsulate every aspect of the definition. First established in 1997, the award's original corporate sponsor was Viacom . Pearson Canada, an educational book publishing company, took over
6390-415: The notes have occurred since 1935, with new series introduced in 1937, 1954, 1970, 1986, and 2001. In June 2011, newly designed notes printed on a polymer substrate, as opposed to cotton fibre, were announced; the first of these polymer notes, the $ 100 bill, began circulation on November 14, 2011, the $ 50 bill began circulation on March 26, 2012, the $ 20 denomination began circulation on November 7, 2012, and
6480-419: The personal challenges they faced in forging their own paths as writers. Approximately 45 minutes in length, the lectures are meant to provide a unique account of a period when a national writing community was just being formed. The series offers insight into the work of Canadian literature's heroes and heroines, the profession of writing as a whole, and Canada's unique cultural history. The Writers' Trust provides
6570-399: The potential to shape or influence thinking on contemporary Canadian political life. The winning work must combine compelling new insights with depth of research and significant literary merit. All finalist works should ideally demonstrate a distinctive voice, as well as a persuasive and compelling command of tone, narrative, style, and analysis. The prize particularly values books which provide
6660-409: The public and the visually unappealing ones were melted. In 1920, the size of the 1¢ was reduced and the silver fineness of the 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins was reduced to 0.800 silver/.200 copper. This composition was maintained for the 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ piece through 1966, but the debasement of the 5¢ piece continued in 1922 with the silver 5¢ being entirely replaced by a larger nickel coin. In 1942, as
6750-456: The retailers should evaluate the impact of that approach. In the case that no mutually acceptable form of payment can be found for the tender, the parties involved should seek legal advice. Canadian dollars, especially coins, are accepted by some businesses in the northernmost cities of the United States and in many Canadian snowbird enclaves, just as U.S. dollars are accepted by some Canadian businesses. In 2012, Iceland considered adopting
6840-599: The reverse is a shield with the arms of the Dominion of Canada. Gold from the Klondike River valley in the Yukon accounts for much of the gold in the coins. Two years into the coin's production World War I began and production of the coins stopped in favour of tighter control over Canadian gold reserves. Most of the 1914 coins produced never reached circulation at the time and some were stored for more than 75 years until being sold off in 2012. The high quality specimens were sold to
6930-463: The slang term " buck " for a former paper dollar. The Canadian origin of this term derives from a coin struck by the Hudson's Bay Company during the 17th century with a value equal to the pelt of a male beaver – a "buck". Because of the appearance of the common loon on the back of the $ 1 coin that replaced the dollar bill in 1987, the word loonie was adopted in Canadian parlance to distinguish
7020-560: The sole issuer of all federal notes. In 1935, it issued its first series of notes in denominations of $ 1, $ 2, $ 5, $ 10, $ 20, $ 25, $ 50, $ 100, $ 500 and $ 1000. The $ 25 note was a commemorative issue, released to mark the Silver Jubilee of King George V . In 1944, the chartered banks were prohibited from issuing their own currency, with the Royal Bank of Canada and the Bank of Montreal among the last to issue notes. Significant design changes to
7110-426: The war years between 1939 and 1945. In 1967 both 0.800 silver/0.200 copper and, later that year, 0.500 silver/.500 copper 10¢ and 25¢ coins were issued. 1968 saw further debasement: the 0.500 fine silver dimes and quarters were completely replaced by nickel ones mid-year. All 1968 50¢ and $ 1 coins were reduced in size and coined only in pure nickel. Thus, 1968 marked the last year in which any circulating silver coinage
7200-511: The withdrawal of halfpenny coins, the nickname sou began to be used for the 1¢ coin , but the idiom trente sous for 25¢ endured. Coins are produced by the Royal Canadian Mint 's facilities in Winnipeg , Manitoba , and Ottawa , Ontario , in denominations of 5¢ ( nickel ), 10¢ ( dime ), 25¢ ( quarter ), 50¢ ( 50¢ piece ) (though the 50¢ piece is no longer distributed to banks and
7290-492: The work of a Canadian writer, and all proceeds support the charitable work of the Writers' Trust of Canada. Canadian dollar The Canadian dollar ( symbol : $ ; code : CAD ; French : dollar canadien ) is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $ . There is no standard disambiguating form, but the abbreviations Can$ , CA$ and C$ are frequently used for distinction from other dollar -denominated currencies (though C$ remains ambiguous with
7380-438: Was an influential Canadian novelist and playwright. All Canadian and permanent resident writers in mid-career are considered and no age restrictions apply. For the purposes of this award, mid-career is defined as having published, in Canada, at least 3 books of literary merit which are predominantly fiction. The prize is worth CA$ 25,000; the winner is selected by a three-member, independent judging panel and announced annually at
7470-619: Was co-hosted by Jagmeet Singh and Bardish Chagger . The annual Writers' Trust Gala brings leaders of the business and arts communities together to celebrate writing and raise funds for the Writers' Trust of Canada. Corporate donors and individual patrons are seated at a table with a published Canadian author and enjoy an evening of conversation and literary entertainment. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are raised on this night alone, when more than fifty of Canada's top writers mingle with curious guests. Canadian publishers donate each attending author's recent book, ensuring that everyone goes home with
7560-631: Was created in 1792 on the basis of the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. As such, the Spanish dollar was worth slightly more than the U.S. dollar, and likewise, the Newfoundland dollar , until 1895, was worth slightly more than the Canadian dollar. The Colony of British Columbia adopted the British Columbia dollar as its currency in 1865, at par with the Canadian dollar. When British Columbia joined Canada as its sixth province in 1871,
7650-435: Was discontinued after 2006, in favour of an expanded prize package for the Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction . Writers%27 Trust of Canada The Writers' Trust of Canada ( French : La Société d'encouragement aux écrivains du Canada ) is a registered charity which provides financial support to Canadian writers. Founded by Margaret Atwood , Pierre Berton , Graeme Gibson , Margaret Laurence , and David Young ;
7740-463: Was established by author Carolyn Smart and honours the memory of Bronwen Wallace (1945 - 1989), a Canadian poet and short story writer who died of cancer at the age of 44. Two CA$ 10,000 awards are given each year to emerging writers of any age in the genres of short fiction and poetry. Two finalists in each category receive CA$ 2,500. Past winners include Michael Crummey and Alison Pick . The Royal Bank of Canada Foundation sponsors
7830-482: Was established in honour of Shaughnessy Cohen (1948–1998), an outspoken and popular Member of Parliament from Windsor, Ontario ; she died after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage in the House of Commons of Canada just seconds after standing to address her peers. A prize of CA$ 25,000 is given annually to a book of literary nonfiction that captures a political subject of relevance to Canadian readers and has
7920-412: Was introduced with the gold sovereign being legal tender at £1 = US$ 4.86 + 2 ⁄ 3 . No coinage was provided for under the 1853 act. Sterling coinage was made legal tender and all other silver coins were demonetized. The British government in principle allowed for a decimal coinage but nevertheless held out the hope that a sterling unit would be chosen under the name of "royal". However, in 1857,
8010-438: Was issued in Canada. In 1982, the 1¢ coin was changed to dodecagonal, and the 5¢ was further debased to a cupro-nickel alloy. In 1987 a $ 1 coin struck in aureate-plated nickel was introduced. A bimetallic $ 2 coin followed in 1996. In 1997, copper-plated zinc replaced bronze in the 1¢, and it returned to a round shape. This was followed, in 2000, by the introduction of even cheaper plated-steel 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins, with
8100-584: Was previously awarded by the Metcalf Foundation, which strives "to enhance the effectiveness of people and organizations working together to help Canadians imagine and build a just , healthy and creative society ". The Metcalf Foundation continues to sponsor the annual award. The Writers' Trust McClelland & Stewart Journey Prize is made possible by James A. Michener 's donation of his Canadian royalty earnings from his novel Journey , published by McClelland & Stewart in 1988. The Journey Prize
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