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68-855: The Downtown Oakland area is sometimes expanded to refer to the industrial and residential Jack London Square and Jack London warehouse district areas, the Lakeside Apartments District , which are a largely residential neighborhood on the west side of Lake Merritt , the Civic Center district , Chinatown , and the south end of Oakland's Broadway Auto Row , an area along Broadway which has historically been used by car dealers and automobile repair shops . While many consider these areas outside of downtown proper, they are generally considered more geographically proximate to Downtown Oakland than to East Oakland , North Oakland or to West Oakland and are thus sometimes associated with Downtown Oakland. In

136-594: A charter management organization (CMO). CMOs are typically non-profit organizations and provide centralized services for a group of charter schools. There are some for-profit education management organizations . Charter schools are held accountable by their authorizer. There is debate on whether charter schools should be described as private schools or state schools . Advocates of the charter model state that they are public schools because they are open to all students and do not charge for tuition. Critics of charter schools assert that charter schools' private operation with

204-562: A charter school in Michigan, for example, must show that at least 25% of its student population is made up of new students. Legislation in Arizona stipulates that private schools that wish to become charter schools within that state must have admission policies that are fair and non-discriminatory. Also, while Michigan and California require teachers at charter schools to hold state certification, those in Arizona do not. Charter schools were targeted as

272-488: A charter school. As of 2005 there were almost 100 charter schools in North Carolina, the limit passed by legislation in 1996. The 1996 legislation dictates that there will be no more than five charter schools operating within one school district at any given time. It was passed in order to offer parents options in regard to their children and the school they attend, with most of the cost being covered by tax revenue. After

340-784: A few. The Downtown Oakland Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The listing included 43 contributing buildings , one contributing site and one contributing object . Other historic districts have been designated in Old Oakland: the Lakeside Apartments district, Preservation Park, and the Waterfront Warehouse district . 37°48′16″N 122°16′16″W  /  37.80436°N 122.27114°W  / 37.80436; -122.27114 Jack London Square Jack London Square

408-454: A lack of public accountability makes them more like private institutions subsidized by the public. All Australian private schools have received some federal government funding since the 1970s. Since then they have educated approximately 30% of high school students. None of them are charter schools, as all charge tuition fees. Since 2009, the Government of Western Australia has been trialling

476-576: A list of admission priorities, but only the non-governmental funded schools are allowed to select their students and to make a profit. The charter schools cannot have entrance exams, and supplemental fees are very restricted. In 2013, a total of 19,105 children were enrolled in privately run schools. The Swedish system of friskolor ("free schools") was instituted in 1992. These are publicly funded by school vouchers and can be run by not-for-profits as well as for-profit companies. The schools are restricted: for example, they are prohibited from supplementing

544-468: A major component of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002. Specifically, the act specifies that students attending schools labeled as under-performing by state standards now have the option to transfer to a different school in the district, whether it is a state, private, or charter school. The act also suggested that if a failing school cannot show adequate yearly progress, it will be designated

612-661: A movie theater. The former presidential yacht USS Potomac is moored at an adjacent slip. The area developed as a warehouse and industrial district due to its proximity to major transportation, including the Southern Pacific Railroad (now Niles Subdivision ) on Embarcadero West and the Western Pacific Railroad (now Oakland Subdivision ) on Third Street, as well as the Oakland Estuary . The area between Broadway, Webster, First Street (Embarcadero) and

680-511: A private association or limited company. Private primary schools need a licence from the Government and other educational institutions from the Ministry of Education to operate. Most private schools follow the national curriculum. Exceptions to this are international and foreign language schools (such as International Baccalaureate schools). Tuition fees may not be charged in Finnish private schools (with

748-547: A projection of 6,000 people transported per hour. This project is estimated to be completed in 2023. The Downtown Oakland and Lake Merritt/Uptown District Associations are community benefit districts that were formed in February 2009. Property owners in both Downtown Oakland and the Lake Merritt/Uptown Districts voted by a margin of almost 8 to 1 to support a voluntary property tax to fund services that would improve

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816-656: A religious focus or cater for the German-speaking minority in Schleswig. Danish private schools have often been set up on the initiative of a group of parents. Around 75% of pupils' costs are covered by the public purse, with the remainder paid by parents. A supervisor, appointed by the parents, checks that teaching of core subjects meets the standards of the elementary school. Some 90 000 pupils (15% of schoolchildren) attend Danish private schools. Profits in Danish private schools stay in

884-640: A significant degree of autonomy) in England. In 2007, there were 75 private general education schools in Finland. Of these, 47 were members of the Association of Private Schools. In addition to special education schools, 13% of the pupils in its member schools were in adult secondary schools, 8% in language schools, 8% in special education schools (Steiner schools and Freinet schools) and 5% in Christian schools. According to

952-476: A small business school catering mainly to international students, and a downtown office of Cal State East Bay . Oaksterdam University , a business college which prepares students for medical cannabis work, is located on 15th Street in an area referred to as " Oaksterdam ". The original campus of UC Berkeley was located between Franklin, Harrison, 12th and 14th streets; and the University of California system

1020-476: A very long history of private subsidized schooling, akin to charter schooling in the United States. Before the 1980s, most private subsidized schools were religious and owned by churches or other private parties, but they received support from the central government. In the 1980s, the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet promoted neoliberal reforms in the country. In 1981 a competitive voucher system in education

1088-502: Is a neighborhood on the waterfront of Oakland , California , United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland , it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, Amtrak 's Jack London Square station , a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock , the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon , the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike , and

1156-471: Is a school that receives government funding but operates independently of the established state school system in which it is located. It is independent in the sense that it operates according to the basic principle of autonomy for accountability, that it is freed from the rules but accountable for results. Charter schools are publicly funded schools that operate independently from their local district. Charter schools are often operated and maintained by

1224-641: Is currently headquartered in Downtown. Lincoln Elementary School, one of the few public elementary schools in the downtown of a major US city, is on the edge of downtown, near the center of Chinatown. The Oakland School for the Arts , a charter school , is building a new facility surrounding the Fox Oakland Theatre in Oakland's Uptown Oakland . City Hall Plaza is a city park and a "pedestrian plaza" which includes what

1292-526: Is flexibility in the way this is realized. Minnesota passed the first charter school law in the United States in 1991. As of 2015 , Minnesota had 165 registered charter schools, with over 41,000 students attending. The first of these to be approved, Bluffview Montessori School in Winona, Minnesota , opened in 1992. The first charter to operate was City Academy in St. Paul. Some specialized Minnesota charter schools include

1360-867: Is in the eastern area of Chinatown , at 800 Madison Street. All of BART's main services travel through the Oakland Wye , an underground flying wye . Several routes operated by AC Transit pass through or end in Downtown Oakland. These include: Local Routes The 314 formerly made two trips per week through downtown Oakland from the West Oakland Post Office to the Walmart Supercenter at Hegenberger Road and Edgewater Drive in East Oakland , via Santa Clara Avenue (Alameda) and Doolittle Drive. Service has been suspended on this line since March 2020 due to

1428-593: Is located at AC Transit headquarters at 1600 Franklin Street, as well as at all BART stations. The Oakland Athletics made a proposal to have a privately financed gondola lift travel on Washington Street from 10th Street near City Center to Water Street in Jack London Square. It is proposed as a new mode of transportation to the team's future ballpark in Jack London Square. There would be approximately 12-14 gondola cabins, each of which would carry about 35 people, with

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1496-548: Is now the Oakland City Center development. Today, the area features an outdoor retail mall with pedestrian streets laid out to replicate the original street grid. Three subway Bay Area Rapid Transit stations serve downtown: 12th Street Oakland City Center station , located at 1245 Broadway, and 19th Street Oakland station , located at 1900 Broadway, are both located on the Broadway subway corridor. The Lake Merritt station

1564-697: The COVID-19 pandemic . Transbay Routes All-Nighter Routes (all routes meet near 20th Street and Broadway) The 1T continues to run at late nights, replacing a segment of line 801 upon the opening of line 1T in August 2020. Passengers may transfer at San Leandro BART to 801 service via International Boulevard, East 14th Street, and Mission Boulevard, approximating the route of BART service from Fremont. Transit passengers traveling in and out of downtown are serviced by various AC Transit stops near Broadway and 12th Street, loosely connected to 12th Street BART, as well as

1632-511: The Finnish Broadcasting Corporation , twenty of the private schools were Christian in 2011. Private schools started to be established in Finland in the mid-19th century, reaching a peak of 346 schools between 1965 and 1966, before their number started to decline in the late 1960s and 1970s due to municipalisations, nationalisations and closures. More than 80% of Finnish upper secondary schools were originally founded and run by

1700-533: The National Party and the ACT Party following the 2011 general election . The controversial legislation passed with a five-vote majority. A small number of charter schools started in 2013 and 2014. All cater for students who have struggled in the normal state school system. Most of the students have issues with drugs, alcohol, poor attendance and achievement. Most of the students are Maori or Pacific Islander. One of

1768-548: The Uptown Transit Center bus mall on 20th Street, connected to 19th Street BART. The Uptown Transit Center features multiple bus shelters with seating, NextBus arrival prediction signs, and local and Rapid Bus service to Oakland's streetcar suburbs . These stations host local service, Rapid service, Transbay Express, and All Nighter service. (Some, but not all, other bus stops in downtown Oakland also include shelters and arrival signs.) A Clipper Add Value Machine

1836-405: The 2011–12 school year. By May 2014 all but five of New Orleans' public schools were charter schools. Unlike their public counterparts, laws governing charter schools vary greatly. The three states with the highest number of students enrolled in charter schools are California , Arizona , and Michigan . These differences largely relate to what types of public agencies are permitted to authorize

1904-572: The 21st century, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic , Downtown Oakland experienced a significant exodus of businesses; Downtown Oakland hosts the only celebration of its kind in the nation in memory of the black cowboys who helped settle the American West . The annual parade typically begins on an early October weekend at DeFremery Park in West Oakland en route to Frank H. Ogawa Plaza where judging booths are set up. After an awards ceremony,

1972-762: The District of Columbia. The increase of these online campuses has aroused controversy. In November, 2015, researchers at the University of Washington , Stanford University , and the Mathematica Policy Research group published the first major study of online charter schools in the United States, the "National Study of Online Charter Schools". It found "significantly weaker academic performance" in mathematics and reading in such schools when compared to conventional ones. The study resulted from research carried out in 17 US states which had online charter schools. It concluded that keeping online pupils focused on their work

2040-764: The IDA's June Downtown of the Month. The district boards have three organizational committees, including the DISI (District Identity and Street Improvement) Committee, the SOBO (Sidewalk Operations, Beautification & Order) Committee and the Joint ORG (Organization) Committee. The DISI Committee promotes the identity of the districts, encourages economic development and works to create a vibrant downtown through public relations, marketing, and special events. The SOBO Committee oversees cleanliness and order in

2108-672: The Independent Public School (IPS) Initiative. These public schools have greater autonomy and could be regarded as akin to 'charter' schools (but the term is not used in Australia). The first charter school in Bulgaria, 151 General Education School with Interest-Based Profiles, was established in 1990 in Sofia, Bulgaria. The Canadian province of Alberta enacted legislation in 1994 allowing charter schools. The first charter schools under

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2176-594: The Lake Merritt Channel was the original site of Oakland, and there are several 19th century houses scattered around the edges of downtown and in Chinatown. The Oakland Museum is located on Oak Street near the southeastern edge of Downtown. Laney College , with more than 12,000 students, is located on Fallon Street near the Lake Merritt BART station. Other educational institutions include Lincoln University ,

2244-582: The Metro Deaf School (1993), Community of Peace Academy (1995), and the Mainstreet School of Performing Arts (2004). As of December 2021 approximately 8,000 charter schools enrolled an estimated total of 3.7 million students nationwide. The numbers equate to 7.4% of total public school students. 291 new charter schools opened their doors in the 2021–22 school year, however the charter sector lost 15,047 students that year. 2020-21 marked one of

2312-671: The United States. Charter cyber schools operate like typical charter schools in that they are independently organized schools, but are conducted partly or entirely over the Internet. Proponents say this allows for much more flexibility compared with traditional schools. For 2000–2001, studies estimated that there are about 45,000 online K–12 students nationally. Six years later, a study by Picciano and Seamon (2006) found that over 1 million students were involved. A study by Watson, Murin, Vashaw, Gemin, and Rapp found that cyber charter schools are currently (as of 2014) operating in all 50 states and

2380-568: The buildings in which they operate are generally owned by private landlords. Accordingly, this asset class generates interest from real-estate investors as well as building contractors. Charter schools have grown in number in the US since the 1990s, but have experienced many failures. A recent study found that more than a quarter of new charter schools had closed after 5 years, and after just 15 years of operation, about half had closed. As of 2015 , 6,700 charter schools enroll approximately 2.9 million students in

2448-518: The business. The United Kingdom established grant-maintained schools in England and Wales in 1988. They allowed individual schools that were independent of the local school authority. When they were abolished in 1998, most turned into foundation schools , which are really under their local district authority but still have a high degree of autonomy. Prior to the 2010 general election , there were about 200 academies (publicly funded schools with

2516-403: The creation of charter schools, whether or not and through what processes private schools can convert to charter schools, and what certification, if any, charter school teachers require. In California, local school districts are the most frequent granters of school charters. If a local school district denies a charter application, or if the proposed charter school provides services not provided by

2584-581: The daytime and nighttime population and use. Recent new components include the 55 Harrison building, a 178,000-square-foot (16,500 m ) mid-rise by RMW Architects in association with Steve Worthington. The public spaces by SWA Group extended the city to the waterfront by adding accessible waterfront spaces supporting a variety of programs and events from farmers markets to the popular festivals and events. 37°47′39″N 122°16′29″W  /  37.7942°N 122.2747°W  / 37.7942; -122.2747 Charter school A charter school

2652-509: The estuary was named Jack London Square in 1951. On May 1, 1951, the area was formally dedicated and a plaque placed at the foot of Broadway. Jack London Square is located at the south end of Broadway, across the Oakland Estuary from Alameda . The name has also come to refer to the formerly industrial neighborhood surrounding Jack London Square now known as the Jack London District , which has undergone significant rehabilitation in

2720-454: The exception of some foreign language schools), but the schools are financed by per pupil grants from the state and municipalities. The operator of a private school must be a non-profit-making organisation. The operation of private preschools, primary and secondary schools is permitted in accordance with Art. 7 of the Grundgesetz (German constitution). They are regulated by the laws applying

2788-476: The federal state in which they are based and must not be "inferior to the state schools in terms of their educational aims, their facilities nor the professional training of their teaching staff". Furthermore "segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents" may not be encouraged. In return all private schools are supported financially by government bodies, comparable with charter schools. The amount of control over school organization, curriculum etc. by

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2856-457: The first several years of permitting charter schools in North Carolina, the authority to grant charters shifted from local boards of education to the State Board of Education. This can also be compared with several other states that have various powers that accept charter school applications. Typically, charter schools claim nonprofit status, but most operate in a for-profit system. Additionally,

2924-512: The general administration of the corporations, ensures the effective operation of the board, acts as the coordinating framework through which the other committees function efficiently, and works to increase involvement and support for the organizations. The districts have helped fund several neighborhood beautification/improvement projects and initiatives, including The Latham Square pedestrian plaza, back of BART planter boxes, hanging flower baskets and banners, and median landscaping projects, to name

2992-440: The governing school boards of state colleges and universities. Different states with charter school legislation have adopted widely different positions in regard to the conversion of private schools to charter schools. California, for example, does not allow the conversion of private schools into charter schools. Both Arizona and Michigan allow such conversions, but with different requirements. A private school wishing to convert to

3060-453: The hubs of AC Transit and BART , which has three underground stations, the city's official Entertainment District which includes the historic Paramount and Fox Theatres , nightclubs, and restaurants, the headquarters of Clorox , City Center , a portion of Old Oakland , and a portion of Chinatown . Downtown includes a portion of the oldest part of the city. The area from the Oakland Estuary inland to 14th Street between West Street and

3128-580: The largest single-year increase ever recorded in terms of the number of additional students attending charter schools, but 2021-22 marked the first ever decline in enrollment. The most radical experimentation with charter schools in the United States possibly occurred in New Orleans , Louisiana, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (2005). As of 2009 the New Orleans Public Schools system was engaged in reforms aimed at decentralizing power away from

3196-560: The last decade, including loft conversions and new construction. Former California Governor (and former Oakland mayor) Jerry Brown made his home here before moving north to the Uptown neighborhood. KTVU (Channel 2), the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, has had studios at the Square since it began broadcasting on March 3, 1958, and the offices of the Port of Oakland are located there as well. The Square

3264-407: The local school districts, a county board consisting of superintendents from state schools or the state board of education can grant a charter. The Arizona State Board for Charter Schools grants charters in Arizona. Local school districts and the state board of education can also grant charters. In contrast, the creation of charter schools in Michigan can be authorized only by local school boards or by

3332-443: The middle of Embarcadero West , with the train speed limit set at 15 mph (25 km/h). Trains served 16th Street station until earthquake damage in 1989; afterwards, that station was replaced in 1994 by the present-day Jack London Square station. The tracks running through Jack London Square are used by BNSF and Union Pacific and Amtrak 's Capitol Corridor , Coast Starlight and San Joaquin services. The trains share

3400-582: The new legislation were established in 1995: New Horizons Charter School, Suzuki Charter School, and the Centre for Academic and Personal Excellence. As of 2015 , Alberta remains the only Canadian province that has enabled charter schools. There are 23 charter school campuses operated by 13 Alberta charter schools . The number of charter schools was limited to a maximum of 15, but the Provincial government eliminated this cap effective September 2020. Chile has

3468-638: The number of applicants. The US military also classifies non-traditional diplomas at a lower tier, although as of 2012 this could be bypassed by high ASVAB test scores. In 2014, New Orleans became the first place in the United States to establish an all-charter school district, called the Recovery School District . A 2017 policy statement from the National Education Association expressed its strong commitment to public schools. Charter schools are funded by taxpayers so there must be

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3536-489: The other half governed by traditional, brick-and-mortar public school districts. The cyber schools teach students from kindergarten to 12th grade, and the setting varies from being entirely online in one's home to spending all of the class time in a formal school building while learning over the Internet. Cyber charter school diplomas have been unevenly valued by post-secondary institutions. Universities sometimes apply additional requirements or have cyber-charter quotas limiting

3604-567: The parade returns to DeFremery Park for a celebration. On August 2, 2007, journalist and editor-in-chief of the Oakland Post , Chauncey Bailey was assassinated by YBMB handyman Devaughdre Broussard as Bailey was walking to work, around 7:30 am at the southeast corner of 14th and Alice streets; across from Lakeside Apartments District . Downtown Oakland is home to apartment and condominium dwellers, numerous retail businesses, tall modern office buildings, shorter mixed-use historic buildings,

3672-513: The pre-Katrina public school board to individual charter school principals and boards, monitoring charter school performance by granting renewable, five-year operating contracts permitting the closure of those not succeeding, and parents the choice to enroll their children in almost any school in the district. New Orleans is one of two cities in the United States of America where the majority of school students attend charter schools. 78% of all New Orleans schoolchildren studied in charter schools during

3740-613: The public funds with tuition or other fees; pupils must be admitted on a first-come, first-served basis; and entrance exams are not permitted. There are about 900 charter schools throughout the country. According to the Education Commission of the States , "charter schools are semi-autonomous public schools that receive public funds. They operate under a written contract with a state, district or other entity (referred to as an authorizer or sponsor). This contract – or charter – details how

3808-500: The public rights of way and manages service providers in keeping with the expectations of our organization and the needs of the community. Through diligent planning and thoughtful allocation of resources, the SOBO committee executes projects that effectively beautify and enhance the safety of the districts for the long term, creating vibrant and celebrated public spaces. And lastly, the Joint Organization Committee oversees

3876-497: The quality of life in their respective communities. The associations meet and function jointly. Services funded by these Districts include maintaining cleanliness and order in the public rights of way, improving district identity and advocating on behalf of the area's property owners, business owners and residents. In June 2013, the districts were recognized by the International Downtown Association (IDA) and named

3944-427: The road with automobiles, AC Transit buses, and pedestrians. A second Transbay Tube may include a BART station at the square. Another possibility is an aerial tramway to BART stations in downtown Oakland . Jack London Square's most recent changes are adding more businesses, restaurants, and entertainment. Under lead developer Ellis Partners, Jack London Square's new architecture and public spaces are adding to

4012-443: The same liability, transparency, safeguards, and impartiality as public schools. Forty-four American states along with the District of Columbia implement legislation on state charter schools. However, many states do not compel charters to abide by open meeting statutes as well as prerequisites on conflict of interest that pertain to school districts, boards, and employees. The Trump administration 's Education Secretary Betsy DeVos ,

4080-779: The scheme. Irish Charter Schools were set up mostly in the 1700s by the Church of Ireland to educate the poor. They were state or charity sponsored, but run by the church. The model to copy was Kilkenny College , but critics like Bernard Mandeville felt that educating too many poor children would lead them to have unrealistic expectations. Notable examples are the Collegiate School Celbridge , Midleton College , Wilson's Hospital School and The King's Hospital . Charter schools in New Zealand , labelled as Partnership schools | kura hourua, were allowed for after an agreement between

4148-415: The school will be organized and managed, what students will be expected to achieve, and how success will be measured. Many charters are exempt from a variety of laws and regulations affecting other public schools if they continue to meet the terms of their charters." These schools, however, need to follow state-mandated curricula and are subject to the same rules and regulations that cover them, although there

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4216-564: The schools is set up as a military academy . One of the schools ran into major difficulties within weeks of starting. It is now being run by an executive manager from Child, Youth and Family, a government social welfare organization, together with a commissioner appointed by the Ministry of Education . 36 organizations have applied to start charter schools. As in Sweden, the publicly funded but privately run charter schools in Norway are named friskoler and

4284-538: The state differs from state to state and from school to school. Average financial support given by government bodies was 85% of total costs in 2009. Some private schools in Hong Kong receive government subsidy under the Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS). DSS schools are free to design their curriculum, select their own students, and charge for tuition. A number of DSS schools were formerly state schools prior to joining

4352-590: Was adopted. These vouchers could be used in public schools or private subsidized schools (which can be run for profit). After this reform, the share of private subsidized schools, many of them secular, grew from 18.5% of schools in 1980 to 32.7% of schools in 2001. As of 2012, nearly 60% of Chilean students study in charter schools. Free primary schools have long existed in Denmark, often with roots in Grundtvig's folk high school movement. Many other independent schools have

4420-705: Was also the temporary home of the Oakland Tribune from 1989 to 1996 after the newspaper was forced to abandon the landmark downtown Tribune Tower due to damage it sustained in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake . Other businesses at Jack London Square range from the Oakland Athletics team headquarters and software firm Navis LLC, to restaurants such as Farmhouse, Noka Ramen, Scott's Seafood and Yoshi's restaurant and jazz club. California Canoe & Kayak retail and kayak rental shop has been located in Jack London Square since 1993. A mainline railroad runs through

4488-644: Was formally instituted in 2003, but dismissed in 2007. Private schools have since medieval times been a part of the education system, and is today consisting of 63 Montessori and 32 Steiner (Waldorf) charter schools, some religious schools and 11 non-governmental funded schools like the Oslo International School , the German School Max Tau and the French School Lycée Français , a total of 195 schools. All charter schools can have

4556-526: Was once the terminus of San Pablo Avenue where it met Broadway at 14th Street. It also includes 15th Street, which once ran through what is now "Kahn's Alley", past the 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza building, across Clay Street, through what is now a glass windowed lobby of the California State office building, connecting with Jefferson Street on the building's west side entrance. Motor vehicle traffic has also been excluded from where former city streets, Washington street and 13th street, were once aligned through what

4624-441: Was the biggest problem faced by online charter schools and that in mathematics the difference in attainment between online pupils and their conventionally-educated peers equated to the cyber pupils missing a whole academic year in school. Four states have adopted specific legislation tailored to cyber charter schools. One example is Arizona, which has about 3,500 students in cyber schools, about half of them cyber charter schools and

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