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29-646: Halh are the ethnic majority of the Dornod aimag. The Buryat ethnic group makes up 22.8% of the total population (17,196 in 2000, census) concentrated in the north-eastern sums of Dashbalbar , Tsagaan-Ovoo , Bayan-Uul , Bayandun and aimag capital Choibalsan . There are several small ethnic groups: Barga (populates Gurvanzagal and Hölönbuir sums), Uzemchin (are present in Sergelen , Bayantümen , Bulgan , Chuluunhoroot sums and Choibalsan city), Hamnigan ethnic group ( Bayan-Uul and Tsagaan-Ovoo sums). The aimag

58-675: A block to the Russians to escape paying tribute to the Khalkhas. Smaller Mongol clan fragments also defected north to the protection of Cossack forts. The invasion of Khalkha by Galdan Boshogtu Khan in 1688 stopped Khalkha resistance to the Cossack advance and sent more Mongol refugees fleeing into Russian control. Finally, the Selenge Mongols, cut off by the new border from their Khalkha kinsmen and mixed with displaced Buriats and Khori, gradually accepted

87-2570: Is a representative of this ethnic group. His father belonged to the Yungshiebu tribe and his mother was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan. Three Eastern Tumens Khalkha Chahar Uriankhai Three Western Tumens Ordos Tumed Yunshebu Tümen Choros Torghut Khoid Dörbet Oirat Yingchang Karakorum Hohhot Khagan Khan Khatun Taishi Jinong Khong Tayiji Noyan Tarkhan Councellor Wang Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur (1368–1370) Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378) Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388) Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) Engke Khan (1391–1394) Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399) Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) Örüg Temür Khan Gulichi (1402–1408) Öljei Temür Khan Bunyashiri (1403–1412) Delbeg Khan (1411–1415) Oyiradai Khan (1415–1425) Adai Khan (1425–1438) Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452) Agbarjin (1453) Esen Taishi (1453–1454) Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465) Molon Khan (1465–1466) Manduul Khan (1475–1479) Dayan Khan (1480–1516) Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy) Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547) Darayisung Gödeng Khan (1547–1557) Tümen Jasaghtu Khan (1557–1592) Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604) Ligdan Khan (1604–1634) Ejei Khan (1634–1635) Altan Khan (1521–1582) Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585) Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607) Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636) Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521) Mergen Jinong (d. 1542) Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572) Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576) Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624) Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636) Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588) Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698) Laikhur Khan Subandai Khan Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) Chambun Khan (1670?–) Zenggün Shara (d. 1687) Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652) Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?) Sechen Khan (d. 1686) Ubasi Khong Tayiji (c.1609–1623) Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–1652) Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (1652–1667) Khalkhyn Gol The Khalkh River (also spelled as Khalkha River or Halaha River ; Mongolian : Халх гол ; Chinese : 哈拉哈 Ha-la-ha ; Ha-lo-hsin Ho )

116-761: Is a river in eastern Mongolia and northern China 's Inner Mongolia region. The river is also referred to with the Mongolian genitive suffix -iin as the Khalkhin Gol , or River of Khalkh . The river's source is the western slopes of the Greater Khingan mountains of Inner Mongolia. In its lower course, it forms the boundary between China's Inner Mongolia, and the Mongolian Republic until around 48°01′59″N 118°08′03″E  /  48.033179°N 118.134290°E  / 48.033179; 118.134290 ,

145-564: Is also believed that the Southern Khalkha who now reside in Inner Mongolia were moved south from its original territory Khangai Mountains . To commemorate and signify their origin, every new lunar year all southern Khalkhas perform special Khangai Mountain worshipping ceremonies and they face northwest and pray. This special ceremony is maintained by only southern Khalkhas and no other Southern Mongols have such rituals. Under Dayan Khan ,

174-416: Is diverse, featuring grasslands, mountains, and rivers. The Choibalsan International Airport (COQ/ZMCD) has one paved runway, and is served by regular flights to Ulaanbaatar and Hailar , China. ^1 - Sum center is aimag capital Choibalsan ( Чойбалсан ) Halh The Khalkha ( / ˈ k æ l k ə , ˈ k ɑː l k ə / ; Mongolian : Халх ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ [ˈχa̠ɬχ] ) have been

203-408: Is the standard written language of Mongolia. The term Халх ("Halh, Khalkha") has always puzzled linguists and historians. One possible interpretation is that it shares the same root as the words xалхавч "shield" and халхлах "to protect; to cover; to shield; to hide; to intercept", although there is no noun or verb xалх that independently exists besides the ethnic group's name. In a similar manner,

232-622: The Dalai Lama 's "Yellow Hat" order, Tsogtu Khong Taiji moved to Qinghai with his subjects sometime after 1624. Ligdan Khan and Tsogtu Khong Taiji were supposed to meet in Qinghai and eventually build a Mongol base that is independent of the Manchu rule which was geographically far from the Manchu emperor's reach. Moreover, it was clear to the two Mongol Khans that Tibetan Dalai Lama 's influence in Mongol affairs

261-795: The Kangxi Emperor of the Manchu -led Qing dynasty against the Zungar leader Galdan in 1688. In 1725 the Yongzheng Emperor gave Tsering independence from the house of Tüsheet Khan , forming the house of Sain Noyon Khan . The Khalkha led the Mongolian independence movement in the 20th century. After enduring countless hardships, they established the independent state of Mongolia in northern Mongolia. The overwhelming majority of Khalkha Mongols now reside in

290-670: The Shariljiin Gol ( Mongolian : Шарилжийн гол ) flows directly into the Orshuun Gol at 48°04′12″N 117°45′20″E  /  48.069891°N 117.755433°E  / 48.069891; 117.755433 . Orhuun connects the Buir Lake with the Hulun Lake . The Chinese–Mongolian border then follows the Shariljiin Gol for about an equal distance. From May to September 1939, the river was

319-624: The "Lower Mongols" or "ДООД МОНГОЛ". Tsogtu Khong Taiji is known as Tsogtu Khan among the Khalkha Mongols in Qinghai. The Khalkha Right Wing Banner: This banner was popularly known as the Darkhan Beili Banner and the ruler of this banner was the descendant of Gersenz Jalair Khan's grandson Bunidari. In 1653 they migrated into Inner Mongolia from the Tusheet Khan Aimak of Outer Mongolia. The Khalkha East Wing Banner: This banner

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348-671: The Dalai Lama. The dGe-lugs-pa hierarch, the Fifth Dalai Lama (1617–82), summoned the Oirat Güshi Khan Toro-Baiku, whose 10,000 men in early 1637 crushed Tsogtu’s 30,000 at Ulaan-Khoshuu; Tsogtu Taiji was killed. Today the Oirats of Gushi Khan is also known as the " Upper Mongols " or the "ДЭЭД МОНГОЛ", and they still reside in Qinghai forming 21 banners. The remnants of Tsogtu Khong Taiji's Halhs form only one banner and are known as

377-573: The East Wing Tumet (Monggoljin) Banner, is popularly known as Tanggot Khalkha. This tiny territory, of not more than 19 by 24 kilometres (12 by 15 miles), is said to have a population of about 500 people. There are practically no Chinese, as the surrounding districts are held by Mongols. The tribe, which has a prince of its own, was founded by immigrants from the Jasakto Khan division of Outer Mongolia, who fled to Inner Mongolia and offered submission to

406-618: The Halh had a close connection with the Five Ulus of the Left Wing of the former Yuan dynasty , which was led by the five powerful tribes of Jalayir, Onggirat , Ikires , Uruud and Mangghud . The Five Halh consisted of five tribes called Jarud, Baarin, Onggirat, Bayaud and Öjiyed. They lived around the Shira Mören valley east of the Greater Khingan . They clashed with but were eventually conquered by

435-512: The Khalkha Mongols. There were also numerous direct descendants of Genghis Khan who had formed the ruling class of the Khalkha Mongols prior to the 20th century, but they were and still also regarded as Khalkha Mongols rather than belonging to a special unit. The Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North are the major subethnic group of the independent state of Mongolia. They number 2,659,985 (83.8% of Mongolia's population). The Khalkha or Halh dialect

464-687: The Khalkha were organized as one of three tümen of the Left Wing. Dayan Khan installed the fifth son Alchu Bolad and the eleventh son Geresenje on the Khalkha. The former became the founder of the Five Halh of Southern Mongolia and the latter became the founder of the Seven Halh of the Northern Mongolia. They were called Inner Khalkha and Outer Khalkha respectively, by the Manchus . Some scholars consider that

493-771: The Manchus in 1662, during the wars between the Northern (Khalkha) and Western (Ulot) Mongols. During the rise of Genghis Khan in the 12th to 13th centuries, neither the Selenge valley in today's southern Buriatia or the Aga steppe had at this time any connection with the Buriats; these were the lands of the Merkid tribe and the Mongol tribe proper. Starting 1628 with the Russian Conquest and Buriat Migration,

522-521: The O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. Seven northern Khalkha otogs: 1) Jalairs , Olkhonud ; 2) Besut, Iljigin ; 3) Gorlos , Keregut; 4) Khuree, Khoroo, Tsookhor; 5) Khukhuid, Khatagin ; 6) Tanghut , Sartuul ; 7) Uriankhai became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's ( Mongolian : Гэрсэне Жалайр Хан ) subjects. Khotogoids are close in culture and language to

551-716: The Russian designation as Buriat. These groups are: Descendants of Okhin Taij (grandson of Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan); Khatagin; Atagan; Ashabagad; Sartuul; Tavnanguud; Yungsiebu; O'zeed; Uuld; Tsongool. The Tsongool subclans are as follows: 1. Uriankhad, 2. Bolingud, 3. Baatud, 4. Ashibagad, 5. Avgachuud, 6. Sharnuud, 7. Nomkhod, 8. Khamnigan, 9. Arshaantan, 10. Khorchid, 11. Naimantan, 12. Yunshööbü, 13. Khotgoid, 14. Eljiged, 15. Örlüüd, 16. Tavnanguud, 17. Orongoi, 18. Tsookhor, 19. Sartuul, 20. Sharaid, 21. Temdegten. Mongolian academician, writer, and scholar Byambyn Renchin ( Mongolian : Бямбын Ренчин )

580-574: The Selenge Valley, as before, was inhabited by Mongol clans under the rule of the Khalkha khans. By 1652 the Khalkha khans were protesting the Russian incursions into Transbaikalia, and from 1666 on Khalkha raiding parties reached as far as Bratsk, Ilimsk, Yeravninsk, and Nerchinsk, while the khans besieged the forts on the Selenge. At the same time, however, the Khoris along the Uda River in 1647 surrendered as

609-625: The largest subgroup of the Mongols in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars , Ordos and Tumed , were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirats , who were ruled by Dzungar nobles or the Khorchins , who were ruled by Qasar 's descendants. The two original major Khalkha groups were ruled by the direct male line descendants of Dayan Khan . The Baarin , Khongirad , Jaruud , Bayaud and

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638-753: The modern state of Mongolia. However, there are four small banners in China: two in Inner Mongolia; one in Qinghai ; and one in Rehe . There are also several groups among the Buriats in Russia, however, they no longer retain the Khalkha self-identity, culture, and language. The Halh Mongols in Qinghai, China and the ones among the Buryats in Russia were subjects to Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan and his sons. The Choghtu Khong Tayiji 's Khalkhas (1 banner): Poet, supporter of Ligdan Khan , and opponent of

667-736: The rising Manchus. The Five Khalkha except for the Jarud and the Baarin were organized into the Eight Banners . Khalkha Left Banner of Juu Uda League and Khalkha Right Banner of Ulaanchab League were offshoots of the Seven Khalkha. The Seven Khalkha were involved in regular fights against the Oyirad in the west. Geresenje's descendants formed the houses of Tüsheet Khan , Zasagt Khan and Setsen Khan . They preserved their independence until they had to seek help from

696-701: The river splits into two distributaries . The left branch (the Halh River proper) flows into the Buir Lake at 47°53′44″N 117°50′08″E  /  47.895556°N 117.835556°E  / 47.895556; 117.835556 ; discharge from that lake at 47°57′00″N 117°48′51″E  /  47.950011°N 117.814270°E  / 47.950011; 117.814270 ) is known as the Orshuun Gol  [ fr ] ( Mongolian : Оршуун гол , Chinese : 乌尔逊河 ; pinyin : Wūěrxùn Hé ). The right branch, known as

725-539: The sub-ethnic groups within the Khalkha Unit have been historically recorded in books, journals, and documents as "Sartuul Khalkha", "Tanghut Khalkha" etc. Even the word order in the phrases Southern Five Khalkha and Northern Thirteen Khalkha implies that the word Халх correlates to the units within the Southern and Northern tribal federations, but it does not stand for the group as a whole. Lastly, Mongolians have always linked

754-643: The term Халх to the name of the Khalkhyn Gol . Dayan Khan created the Khalkha Tumen out of Mongols residing in the territory of present-day central Mongolia and northern part of Inner Mongolia . In Mongolian historical sources such as Erdeniin Erih ("The Beads of Jewel") it clearly stated how the Khalkha Tumen was created and where these people resided at the time of its creation. The statement goes as follows: It

783-569: Was created during the administrative reorganisation of 1941 with the name of Choibalsan , after the communist leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan . The capital, which previously had been called Bayan Tümen , also received the name Choibalsan . In 1963, the aimag was given the current name Dornod . Dornod Province is situated in the easternmost region of Mongolia and shares borders with Russia and China. It covers an area of approximately 123,597 square kilometers (47,746 square miles). The landscape of Dornod

812-482: Was increasing. So the two decided to end the influence of Dalai Lama and the "Yellow Hat" order by supporting the "Red Hat" order. However, majority of Ligdan Khan's subjects and soldiers died because of smallpox on the way to Qinghai. After Ligdan's death, Tsogtu Taiji began attacking dGe-lugs-pa monasteries. When Tsogtu sent 10,000 men under his son Arslang against the Dalai Lama in Lhasa, Arslang switched sides and supported

841-574: Was popularly known as the "Chokhor Halh" and the ruler of this banner was the descendant of Gombo-Ilden, the fifth generation grandson to Gersenz Jalair Khan. They fled from the Zasakto Khan Aimak of Outer Mongolia to Inner Mongolia in 1664. Its boundaries as given by the Mongol Pastures run 125 by 230 "li", or about 66 by 122 kilometres (41 by 76 miles). The Tanggot Khalkha Banner: This Banner formerly subordinated for administrative purposes to

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