72-549: Donnycarney ( Irish : Domhnach Cearna ) is a Northside suburb in the city of Dublin , Ireland , in the jurisdiction of Dublin City Council . It is mostly residential, around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the centre of Dublin. Dublin GAA 's home stadium, Parnell Park , is located here. Donnycarney is bordered by Beaumont , Artane , Killester and Marino , and lies in the postal districts of Dublin 3 , 5 and 9 . Donnycarney
144-540: A unique dialect of Irish developed before falling out of use in the early 20th century. With a writing system , Ogham , dating back to at least the 4th century AD, which was gradually replaced by Latin script since the 5th century AD, Irish has one of the oldest vernacular literatures in Western Europe . On the island, the language has three major dialects: Connacht , Munster and Ulster Irish . All three have distinctions in their speech and orthography . There
216-697: A bargaining chip during government formation in Northern Ireland, prompting protests from organisations and groups such as An Dream Dearg . Irish became an official language of the EU on 1 January 2007, meaning that MEPs with Irish fluency can now speak the language in the European Parliament and at committees, although in the case of the latter they have to give prior notice to a simultaneous interpreter in order to ensure that what they say can be interpreted into other languages. While an official language of
288-560: A better future for Ireland and all her citizens." The Strategy was produced on 21 December 2010 and will stay in action until 2030; it aims to target language vitality and revitalization of the Irish language. The 30-page document published by the Government of Ireland details the objectives it plans to work towards in an attempt to preserve and promote both the Irish language and the Gaeltacht. It
360-483: A church, a community youth project in the newly built large community centre (Le Chéile), a 3.25 hectares (8.0 acres) park (Maypark) that has a playground, an all-weather pitch and GAA/soccer pitches, chip shops, Chinese takeaways, newsagents and pubs. There are small strips of shops along Collins Avenue West, Malahide Road and Killester Avenue. Killester Village and Artane Castle Shopping Centre are also nearby. Donnycarney West won 'Pride of Place' area in 2012. Donnycarney
432-472: A cultural and social force. Irish speakers often insisted on using the language in law courts (even when they knew English), and Irish was also common in commercial transactions. The language was heavily implicated in the "devotional revolution" which marked the standardisation of Catholic religious practice and was also widely used in a political context. Down to the time of the Great Famine and even afterwards,
504-541: A degree course in the NUI federal system to pass the subject of Irish in the Leaving Certificate or GCE / GCSE examinations. Exemptions are made from this requirement for students who were born or completed primary education outside of Ireland, and students diagnosed with dyslexia . NUI Galway is required to appoint people who are competent in the Irish language, as long as they are also competent in all other aspects of
576-460: A fully recognised EU language for the first time in the state's history. Before Irish became an official language it was afforded the status of treaty language and only the highest-level documents of the EU were made available in Irish. The Irish language was carried abroad in the modern period by a vast diaspora , chiefly to Great Britain and North America, but also to Australia , New Zealand and Argentina . The first large movements began in
648-574: A paper suggested that within a generation, non-Gaeltacht habitual users of Irish might typically be members of an urban, middle class, and highly educated minority. Parliamentary legislation is supposed to be available in both Irish and English but is frequently only available in English. This is notwithstanding that Article 25.4 of the Constitution of Ireland requires that an "official translation" of any law in one official language be provided immediately in
720-554: A pass in Leaving Certificate Irish or English, and receive lessons in Irish during their two years of training. Official documents of the Irish government must be published in both Irish and English or Irish alone (in accordance with the Official Languages Act 2003, enforced by An Coimisinéir Teanga , the Irish language ombudsman). The National University of Ireland requires all students wishing to embark on
792-611: A religious context. An Irish translation of the Old Testament by Leinsterman Muircheartach Ó Cíonga , commissioned by Bishop Bedell , was published after 1685 along with a translation of the New Testament. Otherwise, Anglicisation was seen as synonymous with 'civilising' the native Irish. Currently, modern day Irish speakers in the church are pushing for language revival. It has been estimated that there were around 800,000 monoglot Irish speakers in 1800, which dropped to 320,000 by
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#1733106180344864-537: A wider meaning, including the Gaelic of Scotland and the Isle of Man , as well as of Ireland. When required by the context, these are distinguished as Gaeilge na hAlban , Gaeilge Mhanann and Gaeilge na hÉireann respectively. In English (including Hiberno-English ), the language is usually referred to as Irish , as well as Gaelic and Irish Gaelic . The term Irish Gaelic may be seen when English speakers discuss
936-448: Is also An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , a standardised written form devised by a parliamentary commission in the 1950s. The traditional Irish alphabet , a variant of the Latin alphabet with 18 letters , has been succeeded by the standard Latin alphabet (albeit with 7–8 letters used primarily in loanwords ). Irish has constitutional status as the national and first official language of
1008-566: Is also nearby, at the beginning of Collins Avenue. (TFI) route N4 serves a night-link service from Blanchardstown to Point Village, travelling down Collins Avenue, while connecting both sides of Donnycarney. An underground river, the Wad, crosses Donnycarney, while another, the Naniken, crosses the Malahide Road at the edge of Donnycarney towards Coolock. The lands of Donnycarney were historically owned by
1080-427: Is divided by Malahide Road (where the church stands) into two separate parts- Donnycarney West (Old Donnycarney built 1930s) street names are all named after trees Oak, Elm, Hazel, and Holly with the exception of Belton Park while the other end known as North Donnycarney (New Donnycarney built in the 1940s) all start with 'Clan', Clancarthy, Clandonagh etc. Donnycarney is also home to two primary schools (located next to
1152-511: Is divided into four separate phases with the intention of improving 9 main areas of action including: The general goal for this strategy was to increase the number of daily speakers from 83,000 to 250,000 by the end of its run. By 2022, the number of such speakers had fallen to 71,968. Before the partition of Ireland in 1921, Irish was recognised as a school subject and as "Celtic" in some third level institutions. Between 1921 and 1972, Northern Ireland had devolved government. During those years
1224-753: Is in the Electoral Division of Clontarf West ED 1901, in the Civil Parish of Clonturk, in the Barony of Coolock, It is mostly residential, located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the centre of Dublin. Donnycarney is served by Dublin Bus routes 14, 15, 27, 27a, 27b, 42 and 43, which all stop at the centre of Donnycarney - the Donnycarney Church bus stops. Go-Ahead Ireland Route 104 from DCU to Clontarf also serves Collins Avenue East. Killester Dart Station
1296-567: Is only in Gaeltacht areas that Irish continues to be spoken as a community vernacular to some extent. According to data compiled by the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht , Sport and Media , only 1/4 of households in Gaeltacht areas are fluent in Irish. The author of a detailed analysis of the survey, Donncha Ó hÉallaithe of the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , described
1368-612: Is part of the Dáil Éireann constituency of Dublin Bay North , whose five elected representatives are Richard Bruton of Fine Gael , elected in February 1982; Tommy Broughan of Independents 4 Change , elected in November 1992; Independent Finian McGrath , elected in 2002 and Denise Mitchell of Sinn Féin, elected in 2016. A high-profile former TD for the area for 35 years was the former Taoiseach ,
1440-412: Is still spoken daily to some extent as a first language . These regions are known individually and collectively as the Gaeltacht (plural Gaeltachtaí ). While the fluent Irish speakers of these areas, whose numbers have been estimated at 20–30,000, are a minority of the total number of fluent Irish speakers, they represent a higher concentration of Irish speakers than other parts of the country and it
1512-599: Is the former name of the city government and its administrative organisation in Dublin since the 1100s. Significantly re-structured in 1660–1661, even more significantly in 1840, it was modernised on 1 January 2002, as part of a general reform of local government in Ireland, and since then is known as Dublin City Council . This article deals with the history of municipal government in Dublin up to 31 December 2001. The long form of its name
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#17331061803441584-453: Is the location of Parnell Park , the Dublin GAA home stadium where the Dublin inter-county teams play many of their matches, including lower-profile matches which do not warrant the use of Croke Park , the national stadium. Donnycarney is also home to the GAA clubs Craobh Chiaráin and St Vincents , who have their base where the area borders Marino . There are also local soccer teams in
1656-659: The Fíor-Ghaeltacht (true Gaeltacht ), a term originally officially applied to areas where over 50% of the population spoke Irish. There are Gaeltacht regions in the following counties: Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair ), County Donegal, is the largest Gaeltacht parish in Ireland. Irish language summer colleges in the Gaeltacht are attended by tens of thousands of teenagers annually. Students live with Gaeltacht families, attend classes, participate in sports, go to céilithe and are obliged to speak Irish. All aspects of Irish culture and tradition are encouraged. The Act
1728-675: The Guilds of the City of Dublin . The modern Dublin Corporation was restructured by late 19th-century and 20th-century legislation, particularly, the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 , with the elected body reduced to a single chamber Dublin City Council , presided over by the Lord Mayor of Dublin , an office first instituted but not filled by King Charles I and reconstituted following
1800-496: The Priory of All Hallows , and after the dissolution of the monasteries , Henry VIII gave the lands to the city of Dublin; at that time, they encompassed the area now known as Marino . The Dublin Corporation allowed the incumbent tenant, Christopher Hetherington, to continue his lease, on the proviso he supply "good and sufficient brawn" to the Mayor of Dublin each Christmas, and maintain
1872-619: The Republic of Ireland , and is also an official language of Northern Ireland and among the official languages of the European Union . The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island. Irish has no regulatory body but An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , the standard written form, is guided by a parliamentary service and new vocabulary by a voluntary committee with university input. In An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("The Official [Written] Standard ")
1944-611: The 17th century, largely as a result of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland , which saw many Irish sent to the West Indies . Irish emigration to the United States was well established by the 18th century, and was reinforced in the 1840s by thousands fleeing from the Famine . This flight also affected Britain. Up until that time most emigrants spoke Irish as their first language, though English
2016-769: The 1998 Good Friday Agreement , the language gradually received a degree of formal recognition in Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom, and then, in 2003, by the British government's ratification in respect of the language of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . In the 2006 St Andrews Agreement the British government promised to enact legislation to promote the language and in 2022 it approved legislation to recognise Irish as an official language alongside English. The bill received royal assent on 6 December 2022. The Irish language has often been used as
2088-400: The 2021 census of Northern Ireland , 43,557 individuals stated they spoke Irish on a daily basis, 26,286 spoke it on a weekly basis, 47,153 spoke it less often than weekly, and 9,758 said they could speak Irish, but never spoke it. From 2006 to 2008, over 22,000 Irish Americans reported speaking Irish as their first language at home, with several times that number claiming "some knowledge" of
2160-403: The 6th century, used the Latin alphabet and is attested primarily in marginalia to Latin manuscripts. During this time, the Irish language absorbed some Latin words, some via Old Welsh , including ecclesiastical terms : examples are easpag (bishop) from episcopus , and Domhnach (Sunday, from dominica ). By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish , which
2232-563: The Act all detailing different aspects of the use of Irish in official documentation and communication. Included in these sections are subjects such as Irish language use in official courts, official publications, and placenames. The Act was recently amended in December 2019 in order to strengthen the already preexisting legislation. All changes made took into account data collected from online surveys and written submissions. The Official Languages Scheme
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2304-463: The European Union , only co-decision regulations were available until 2022, due to a five-year derogation, requested by the Irish Government when negotiating the language's new official status. The Irish government had committed itself to train the necessary number of translators and interpreters and to bear the related costs. This derogation ultimately came to an end on 1 January 2022, making Irish
2376-536: The Irish language policy followed by Irish governments as a "complete and absolute disaster". The Irish Times , referring to his analysis published in the Irish language newspaper Foinse , quoted him as follows: "It is an absolute indictment of successive Irish Governments that at the foundation of the Irish State there were 250,000 fluent Irish speakers living in Irish-speaking or semi Irish-speaking areas, but
2448-597: The Republic of Ireland ), new appointees to the Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland , including postal workers , tax collectors , agricultural inspectors, Garda Síochána (police), etc., were required to have some proficiency in Irish. By law, a Garda who was addressed in Irish had to respond in Irish as well. In 1974, in part through the actions of protest organisations like the Language Freedom Movement ,
2520-581: The Restoration . John Perceval, 1st Earl of Egmont , succeeded the Basil family in holding the lands, and when he lived there his friend, George Berkeley , would visit him. Berkeley described the walk from Trinity College as lonely but said that Donnycarney was beautiful. The lands were then leased by a number of gentlemen in quick succession, until Thomas Adderley took possession. He built Marino House for his stepson, James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont in
2592-455: The Restoration of the Crown by King Charles II . Queen Victoria refused to visit Ireland for a number of years, partly in protest at Dublin Corporation's decision not to congratulate her son, Prince Albert Edward , The Prince of Wales , on both his marriage to Princess Alexandra of Denmark and on the birth of the royal couple's oldest son, Prince Albert Victor . On 1 January 2002, following
2664-693: The area and Clontarf Golf Club's grounds, which are crossed by the Wad River, are located in Donnycarney. Irish language Irish ( Standard Irish : Gaeilge ), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic ( / ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY -lik ), is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family . It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of
2736-634: The beginning of the following academic year. For a number of years there has been vigorous debate in political, academic and other circles about the failure of most students in English-medium schools to achieve competence in Irish, even after fourteen years of teaching as one of the three main subjects. The concomitant decline in the number of traditional native speakers has also been a cause of great concern. In 2007, filmmaker Manchán Magan found few Irish speakers in Dublin , and faced incredulity when trying to get by speaking only Irish in Dublin. He
2808-527: The community centre and the Parish Church) on Collins Avenue, Our Lady of Consolation National School which caters for girls until 6th class and Scoil Chiarain which caters for boys until 6th class. Secondary schools include St. Davids Boys Secondary School in Artane and St. Mary's Holy Faith Killester for girls, both located just outside of Donnycarney. In 2016, Donnycarney West erected a community clock, funded by
2880-468: The end of the famine, and under 17,000 by 1911. Irish is recognised by the Constitution of Ireland as the national and first official language of Republic of Ireland (English being the other official language). Despite this, almost all government business and legislative debate is conducted in English. In 1938, the founder of Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Douglas Hyde , was inaugurated as
2952-610: The family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland . It was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism . Today, Irish is still commonly spoken as a first language in Ireland's Gaeltacht regions, in which 2% of Ireland's population lived in 2022. The total number of people (aged 3 and over) in Ireland who declared they could speak Irish in April 2022
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3024-545: The first President of Ireland . The record of his delivering his inaugural Declaration of Office in Roscommon Irish is one of only a few recordings of that dialect. In the 2016 census, 10.5% of respondents stated that they spoke Irish, either daily or weekly, while over 70,000 people (4.2%) speak it as a habitual daily means of communication. From the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922 (see History of
3096-471: The houses built at this time is they are located on roads and streets that are named after different types of trees. "Old Donnycarney" streets are called Hazel, Holly, Oak and Elm. There is an exception made for "Belton Park" in Donnycarney, where the houses were privately built in the 1930s by the Belton family. These houses are slightly larger than those built by the corporation. The late politician Charles Haughey
3168-628: The land. After the English Civil War , the Hetherington family lost their lands and their house, which was probably located somewhere in the Marino area. Michael Jones , the governor of Dublin, was given the lands at a nominal rent and was succeeded in this by his sister, Mrs Elliott. William Basil, Attorney-General for Ireland , leased the lands during the Cromwellian period and retained the lands after
3240-698: The language family, is derived from the Old Irish term. Endonyms of the language in the various modern Irish dialects include: Gaeilge [ˈɡeːlʲɟə] in Galway, Gaeilg / Gaeilic / Gaeilig [ˈɡeːlʲəc] in Mayo and Ulster , Gaelainn / Gaoluinn [ˈɡeːl̪ˠən̠ʲ] in West/Cork, Kerry Munster , as well as Gaedhealaing in mid and East Kerry/Cork and Waterford Munster to reflect local pronunciation. Gaeilge also has
3312-410: The language was in use by all classes, Irish being an urban as well as a rural language. This linguistic dynamism was reflected in the efforts of certain public intellectuals to counter the decline of the language. At the end of the 19th century, they launched the Gaelic revival in an attempt to encourage the learning and use of Irish, although few adult learners mastered the language. The vehicle of
3384-472: The language. For most of recorded Irish history , Irish was the dominant language of the Irish people , who took it with them to other regions , such as Scotland and the Isle of Man , where Middle Irish gave rise to Scottish Gaelic and Manx . It was also, for a period, spoken widely across Canada , with an estimated 200,000–250,000 daily Canadian speakers of Irish in 1890. On the island of Newfoundland ,
3456-561: The late Charles Haughey , whose son Seán also held a seat from 1992 to 2011, and again since 2016. Donnycarney is a parish in the Fingal South East deanery of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin , served by Our Lady of Consolation Church - one of the largest churches in Dublin which was built in 1969 replacing the old tin church to cater for the growing population of Donnycarney and surrounding areas. Donnycarney
3528-563: The mid-18th century, English was becoming a language of the Catholic middle class, the Catholic Church and public intellectuals, especially in the east of the country. Increasingly, as the value of English became apparent, parents sanctioned the prohibition of Irish in schools. Increasing interest in emigrating to the United States and Canada was also a driver, as fluency in English allowed
3600-771: The name of the language is Gaeilge , from the South Connacht form, spelled Gaedhilge prior the spelling reform of 1948, which was originally the genitive of Gaedhealg , the form used in Classical Gaelic . The modern spelling results from the deletion of the silent ⟨dh⟩ in Gaedhilge . Older spellings include Gaoidhealg [ˈɡeːʝəlˠəɡ] in Classical Gaelic and Goídelc [ˈɡoiðʲelɡ] in Old Irish . Goidelic , used to refer to
3672-409: The new immigrants to get jobs in areas other than farming. An estimated one quarter to one third of US immigrants during the Great Famine were Irish speakers. Irish was not marginal to Ireland's modernisation in the 19th century, as is often assumed. In the first half of the century there were still around three million people for whom Irish was the primary language, and their numbers alone made them
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#17331061803443744-522: The number now is between 20,000 and 30,000." In the 1920s, when the Irish Free State was founded, Irish was still a vernacular in some western coastal areas. In the 1930s, areas where more than 25% of the population spoke Irish were classified as Gaeltacht . Today, the strongest Gaeltacht areas, numerically and socially, are those of South Connemara , the west of the Dingle Peninsula , and northwest Donegal, where many residents still use Irish as their primary language. These areas are often referred to as
3816-448: The other official language, if not already passed in both official languages. In November 2016, RTÉ reported that over 2.3 million people worldwide were learning Irish through the Duolingo app. Irish president Michael D. Higgins officially honoured several volunteer translators for developing the Irish edition, and said the push for Irish language rights remains an "unfinished project". There are rural areas of Ireland where Irish
3888-415: The political party holding power in the Stormont Parliament , the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), was hostile to the language. The context of this hostility was the use of the language by nationalists. In broadcasting, there was an exclusion on the reporting of minority cultural issues, and Irish was excluded from radio and television for almost the first fifty years of the previous devolved government. After
3960-436: The relationship between the three Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx). Gaelic is a collective term for the Goidelic languages, and when the context is clear it may be used without qualification to refer to each language individually. When the context is specific but unclear, the term may be qualified, as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic or Manx Gaelic. Historically the name "Erse" ( / ɜːr s / URS )
4032-432: The requirement for entrance to the public service was changed to proficiency in just one official language. Nevertheless, Irish remains a required subject of study in all schools in the Republic of Ireland that receive public money (see Education in the Republic of Ireland ). Teachers in primary schools must also pass a compulsory examination called Scrúdú Cáilíochta sa Ghaeilge . As of 2005, Garda Síochána recruits need
4104-583: The residents in partnership with Dublin City Council. It is located at the junction of Malahide Road and Collins Avenue. Present-day Donnycarney is predominantly residential, as a result of developments during 1920s when the Dublin Corporation made housing schemes for suburban areas of the Northside, Dublin . Prior to this, areas such as Donnycarney were quiet farmland with just one village street. 400 cottages were planned by Dublin corporation in Donnycarney for tenant purchase, favouring private middle-class housing. Government housing policies were not in favour of
4176-452: The revival was the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ), and particular emphasis was placed on the folk tradition, which in Irish is particularly rich. Efforts were also made to develop journalism and a modern literature. Although it has been noted that the Catholic Church played a role in the decline of the Irish language before the Gaelic Revival, the Protestant Church of Ireland also made only minor efforts to encourage use of Irish in
4248-618: The right of the same junction. "New" Donnycarney streets are known locally as "the clans" because all street names are preceded by "Clan". The later Donnycarney housing scheme was completed in 1949 where it was built on the lands of 'Victoria Park' which was mostly grazing land. Most "new" Donnycarney housing is located opposite Parnell Park as opposed to the "old" housing that stretches up the length of Collins Avenue towards Whitehall. " Our Lady of Consolation National School and Scoil Chiarain Boys School are located on Collins Avenue East in “New Donnycarney”, known as North Donnycarney. Donnycarney
4320-404: The southeastern end of Donnycarney which is now called Marino. Caulfield went on to build the Casino at Marino . The lands reverted to the Dublin Corporation after the Caulfields left Marino House, allowing for the construction of the Marino housing scheme, and further Corporation housing schemes in modern-day Donnycarney. Local amenities include restaurants, the Donnycarney/Beaumont Credit Union,
4392-536: The vacancy to which they are appointed. This requirement is laid down by the University College Galway Act, 1929 (Section 3). In 2016, the university faced controversy when it announced the planned appointment of a president who did not speak Irish. Misneach staged protests against this decision. The following year the university announced that Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh , a fluent Irish speaker, would be its 13th president. He assumed office in January 2018; in June 2024, he announced he would be stepping down as president at
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#17331061803444464-594: The work of such writers as Geoffrey Keating , is said to date from the 17th century, and was the medium of popular literature from that time on. From the 18th century on, the language lost ground in the east of the country. The reasons behind this shift were complex but came down to a number of factors: The change was characterised by diglossia (two languages being used by the same community in different social and economic situations) and transitional bilingualism (monoglot Irish-speaking grandparents with bilingual children and monoglot English-speaking grandchildren). By
4536-444: The working class at this time. No slum clearance schemes were tackled until the 1930s, which in turn led to corporation housing being built then. It wasn't until the 1930s that Dublin Corporation developed these houses. What is referred to as "Old Donnycarney" are these few hundred houses built in 1931 and 1932 in the townland. These are situated to the left side of the Malahide Road perpendicular to Collins Avenue. An identifier for
4608-472: Was The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the City of Dublin . Dublin Corporation was established under the Anglo-Normans in the reign of Henry II of England in the 12th century. For centuries it was a two-chamber body, made up of an upper house of 24 aldermen, who elected the Lord Mayor of Dublin from their number, and a lower house, known as the "sheriffs and commons", consisting of up to 48 sheriffs peers (former sheriffs) and 96 representatives of
4680-411: Was 1,873,997, representing 40% of respondents, but of these, 472,887 said they never spoke it and a further 551,993 said they only spoke it within the education system. Linguistic analyses of Irish speakers are therefore based primarily on the number of daily users in Ireland outside the education system, which in 2022 was 20,261 in the Gaeltacht and 51,707 outside it, totalling 71,968. In response to
4752-431: Was also sometimes used in Scots and then in English to refer to Irish; as well as Scottish Gaelic. Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD, a stage of the language known as Primitive Irish . These writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain. Primitive Irish underwent a change into Old Irish through the 5th century. Old Irish, dating from
4824-425: Was enacted 1 July 2019 and is an 18-page document that adheres to the guidelines of the Official Languages Act 2003 . The purpose of the Scheme is to provide services through the mediums of Irish and/or English. According to the Department of the Taoiseach, it is meant to "develop a sustainable economy and a successful society, to pursue Ireland's interests abroad, to implement the Government's Programme and to build
4896-557: Was establishing itself as the primary language. Irish speakers had first arrived in Australia in the late 18th century as convicts and soldiers, and many Irish-speaking settlers followed, particularly in the 1860s. New Zealand also received some of this influx. Argentina was the only non-English-speaking country to receive large numbers of Irish emigrants, and there were few Irish speakers among them. Dublin Corporation Dublin Corporation ( Irish : Bardas Bhaile Átha Cliath ), known by generations of Dubliners simply as The Corpo ,
4968-403: Was passed 14 July 2003 with the main purpose of improving the number and quality of public services delivered in Irish by the government and other public bodies. Compliance with the Act is monitored by the An Coimisinéir Teanga (Irish Language Commissioner) which was established in 2004 and any complaints or concerns pertaining to the Act are brought to them. There are 35 sections included in
5040-449: Was raised in a house on Belton Park Road. “Old Donnycarney” is now known as Donnycarney West. The Dublin Street Directory of 1873 lists the following houses in Donnycarney at the time: Donnycarney Cottage, Laurel Hill, Elm Mount, Kavanagh's Grocery, "The Refuge" (Public House), Ganeville, Mount Temple and St. John's, along with just 8 houses on Oak Road. "New Donnycarney" consists of around 800 houses, built between 1947 and 1949, just to
5112-527: Was spoken throughout Ireland, Isle of Man and parts of Scotland . It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle . From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland, into Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, and into the Manx language in the Isle of Man . Early Modern Irish , dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland. Modern Irish, sometimes called Late Modern Irish, as attested in
5184-442: Was unable to accomplish some everyday tasks, as portrayed in his documentary No Béarla . There is, however, a growing body of Irish speakers in urban areas, particularly in Dublin. Many have been educated in schools in which Irish is the language of instruction. Such schools are known as Gaelscoileanna at primary level. These Irish-medium schools report some better outcomes for students than English-medium schools. In 2009,
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