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65-405: The 1.55-square-kilometre (380-acre) village has a population (2021) of 1164 and a population density of 753 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,950/sq mi). A description of the village area from 1895: At Dombås, where there is a telegraph station, the scene had entirely changed, and fields of waving barley and potatoes greeted the eye.... Here, at a height of 2,000 feet (610 m) above

130-575: A prisoner-of-war camp near Kristiansund until released when resistance collapsed in South Norway in early May. On 21 April 1940, a German Luftwaffe bombing attack on the village's railway areas resulted in the first American military casualty of World War II. Captain Robert M. Losey , an aeronautical meteorologist serving as an air attaché to American embassies in the Nordic countries, was killed while observing

195-461: A German invasion of Norwegian territory. After the rapid occupation of Denmark, in which the Danish military was ordered to stand down as Denmark's government did not declare war with Germany, German envoys informed the governments of Denmark and Norway that Germany's forces had come to protect both countries against Anglo-French attacks. Significant differences in geography , location and climate between

260-507: A full army corps , including a mountain division, an airborne division , a motorized rifle brigade and two infantry divisions. The target objectives of the force were the Norwegian capital, Oslo , and other population centres: Bergen , Narvik, Tromsø , Trondheim , Kristiansand and Stavanger . The plan also called for the swift capture of the Kings of Denmark and Norway in the hope of triggering

325-616: A legal sense to the Germans, leaving the Quisling government illegitimate. The Norwegian government-in-exile based in London remained, therefore, an Allied nation in the war. At 7:06 pm 5 Norwegian fighters were sent into battle to combat a wave of 70–80 enemy planes. German airborne troops landed at the Oslo airport Fornebu , Kristiansand airport Kjevik , and Sola Air Station – the latter constituting

390-589: A limited, last-minute alert. Late in the evening of 8 April 1940, Kampfgruppe 5 was spotted by the Norwegian guard vessel Pol III . Pol III was fired at; her captain Leif Welding-Olsen became the first Norwegian killed in action during the invasion. German ships then sailed up the Oslofjord leading to the Norwegian capital, reaching the Drøbak Narrows ( Drøbaksundet ). In the early morning of 9 April,

455-709: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Operation Weser%C3%BCbung Asia-Pacific Mediterranean and Middle East Other campaigns Coups Finland Iceland Norway 1941 1942 1943 1944 1942 1943 1944 1945 Operation Weserübung ( German : Unternehmen Weserübung [ˈveːzɐˌʔyːbʊŋ] , transl.  Operation Weser Exercise , 9 April – 10 June 1940)

520-544: A little over 8,000. The operation's military headquarters was Hotel Esplanade in Hamburg, where orders were given to, among others, the air units involved in the invasion. Norway was important to Germany for two primary reasons: as a base for naval units, including U-boats, to weaken Allied shipping in the North Atlantic, and to secure shipments of iron ore from Sweden through the port of Narvik . The long northern coastline

585-499: A man lost overboard, was sunk by Kriegsmarine heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper and two destroyers belonging to the German invasion fleet. On 9 April, the German invasion was under way, and the execution of Plan R 4 was promptly started. Strategically, Denmark's importance to Germany was as a staging area for operations in Norway. Considering its status as a minor nation bordering Germany, it

650-520: A rapid surrender. On 21 February 1940, command of the operation was given to General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst . He had fought in Finland during the First World War and was familiar with Arctic warfare , but he would have command of only the ground forces, despite Hitler's desire to have a unified command. The final plan was codenamed "Operation Weserübung" on 27 January 1940. The ground forces would be

715-499: Is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to

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780-450: Is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after

845-499: Is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density

910-672: The Malmbanan railway line from Narvik to Luleå in Sweden on the shore of the Gulf of Bothnia . This would also allow Allied forces to occupy Swedish iron mines in Norrland. The plan received the support of both Chamberlain and Halifax. They were counting on the co-operation of Norway, which would alleviate some of the legal issues, but stern warnings issued to both Norway and Sweden by Germany resulted in strongly negative reactions in both countries. Planning for

975-631: The European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside

1040-569: The Storstrøm Bridge as well as the fortress of Masnedø , the latter being the first recorded attack in the world made by paratroopers. At 04:20 local time, a reinforced battalion of German infantrymen from the 308th Regiment landed in Copenhagen harbour from the minelayer Hansestadt Danzig , quickly capturing the Danish garrison at the Citadel without encountering resistance. From the harbour,

1105-681: The Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland in November 1939 changed the strategic situation. Churchill again proposed his mining scheme but once again was denied. In December 1939, the United Kingdom and France began serious planning for sending aid to Finland. Their plan called for a force to land in Narvik, in northern Norway, the main port for Swedish iron ore exports and then to take control of

1170-468: The first opposed paratrooper attack in history ; coincidentally, among the Luftwaffe pilots landing at Kjevik was Reinhard Heydrich . Vidkun Quisling's radio-effected coup d'etat at 7:30 pm on 9 April was another first. At 8:30 pm the Norwegian destroyer Æger was attacked and sunk outside Stavanger by ten Junkers Ju 88 bombers, after it sank the German cargo ship MS  Roda . Roda

1235-828: The Allies evacuated from Åndalsnes on 1 May. Resistance in Southern Norway then came to an end. Hegra Fortress continued to resist German attacks until 5 May – it was of Allied propaganda importance, like Narvik. King Haakon VII , Crown Prince Olav , and the Cabinet Nygaardsvold left from Tromsø 7 June aboard the British cruiser HMS  Devonshire to represent Norway in exile. The King would return to Oslo on that exact date five years later. Crown Princess Märtha and children, denied asylum in her native Sweden, later left from Petsamo , Finland, to live in exile in

1300-484: The Atlantic were to be stopped for the submarines to aid in the operation. All available submarines, including some training boats, were used as part of Operation Hartmut in support of Operation Weserübung. Initially, the plan was to invade Norway and to gain control of Danish airfields by diplomatic means. However, Hitler issued a new directive on 1 March that called for the invasion of both Norway and Denmark. That came at

1365-518: The British decided to send an expeditionary force to Norway just as the Winter War was winding down. The force began boarding on 13 March, but it was recalled and the operation cancelled because of the end of the Winter War. Instead, the Chamberlain war ministry voted to proceed with the mining operation in Norwegian waters, followed by troop landings. On 5 April 1940, the long-planned Operation Wilfred

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1430-623: The German paratrooper attack took place. On 14 April the King and the Crown Prince remained at Otta, transmitting radio messages to their people. As the German attack came the Fallschirmjäger were landing dispersed over a huge area and the royal family decided to spend the night at Dovre , only half an hour from the nearest Germans. Although the Fallschirmjägers never got any nearer the King, who

1495-543: The German tanker Altmark in Norwegian waters. The crew of Cossack overpowered the tanker's crew and rescued British prisoners of war onboard the ship, whose presence Norwegian authorities had repeatedly ignored. Both the attack and the transportation of prisoners of war into Norwegian waters by Altmark violated Norway's neutrality. Hitler regarded the incident as a clear sign that the Allies were also willing to violate Norwegian neutrality, which made him become even more strongly committed to invading Norway. On 12 March,

1560-426: The Germans during the war. The rapid Danish capitulation resulted in the uniquely-lenient occupation of Denmark , particularly until the summer of 1943, and in postponing the arrest and deportation of Danish Jews until nearly all of them were warned and on their way to refuge in neutral Sweden . In the end, 477 Danish Jews were deported, and 70 of them lost their lives, out of a pre-war total of Jews and half-Jews at

1625-500: The Germans moved toward Amalienborg Palace to capture the Danish royal family. By the time the invasion forces arrived at the king's residence, the King's Royal Guard had been alerted and other reinforcements were on their way to the palace. The first German attack on Amalienborg was repulsed, giving Christian X and his ministers time to confer with the Danish Army chief General Prior . As

1690-556: The Germans recaptured Narvik, which was also now abandoned by civilians because of massive Luftwaffe bombing. Operation Weserübung did not include a military assault on neutral Sweden because there was no strategic reason. By holding Norway, the Danish straits and most of the shores of the Baltic Sea, the Third Reich encircled Sweden from the north, the west and the south. In the east, there

1755-483: The Germans started receiving messages of imminent allied action in Norway through the port of Åndalsnes. To counter this, the German High Command ordered a takeover of Dombås. The result was that a company of fallschirmjägers from 1st battalion of the 1st Regiment, 7th Flieger Division was dropped at Dombås on 14 April, intending to cut the rail line. The German company had the misfortune to jump straight onto

1820-503: The Norwegians brought two mortars and several Colt M/29 heavy machine guns to bear on Schmidt's men and from 18 April a 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun bombarded the German positions from Dombås Railway Station. On 19 April the paratroopers could no longer stand the bombardment and sent forward the captured Norwegian Major Kjøs to convey their surrender message. All in all 150 fallschirmjägers ended up in Norwegian captivity, being kept in

1885-832: The Royal Navy and the landing force of ten destroyers of the Kriegsmarine. Both parties lost two destroyers, but on 13 April a British attack by the battleship HMS  Warspite and a flotilla of destroyers succeeded in sinking the remaining eight German destroyers, which were trapped in Narvik because of lack of fuel. The towns Nybergsund, Elverum, Åndalsnes , Molde , Kristiansund N , Steinkjer , Namsos , Bodø , and Narvik were devastated by German bombing; some of them were tactically bombed, others terror-bombed. The main German land campaign advanced northward from Oslo with superior equipment; Norwegian soldiers with turn-of-the-century weapons, along with some British and French troops, stopped

1950-552: The United States. The Norwegian Army in mainland Norway capitulated on 10 June 1940, two months after Wesertag. That made Norway the occupied country that had withstood a German invasion for the longest time before succumbing. Despite the surrender of the main Norwegian forces, the Royal Norwegian Navy and other armed forces continued fighting the Germans abroad and at home until the German capitulation on 8 May 1945. In

2015-534: The XXI Army Corps, including the 3rd Mountain Division and five infantry divisions; none of the latter had yet been tested in battle. The first phase would consist of three divisions for the assault, with the remainder to follow in the next wave. Three companies of fallschirmjagers would be used to seize airfields. The decision to also send the 2nd Mountain Division was made later. Almost all U-boat operations in

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2080-988: The area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

2145-499: The belief that it would repeat World War I . Therefore, the British began to consider naval blockades against Germany if war broke out. German industry was heavily dependent on the import of iron ore from Swedish mines in Norrland , and much of that ore was shipped through the Norwegian port of Narvik during the winter months. Control of the Norwegian coast would serve to tighten a potential blockade against Germany. In October 1939,

2210-594: The bombing near the entrance to a rail tunnel where he and others had sought safety. A monument to Captain Losey now stands in Dombås. Five Norwegians were killed by the same bomb as Losey, and another 18 wounded. Also in April 1940, after evacuating Oslo after the German invasion of Norway , King Haakon VII first travelled with his government to Elverum , but after that city and Nybergsund

2275-458: The chief of the Kriegsmarine , Grand-Admiral Erich Raeder , discussed with Adolf Hitler the danger posed by potential Allied bases in Norway and the possibility of Germany pre-emptively seizing those location. The Kriegsmarine argued that a German occupation of Norway would allow control of the nearby seas and serve as a platform for staging submarine operations against the Allies. However,

2340-616: The country from Anglo-French attacks. The German ambassador demanded that Danish resistance cease immediately and that contact be made between Danish authorities and the German armed forces. If the demands were not met, the Luftwaffe would bomb the capital, Copenhagen . As the German demands were communicated, the first German advances had already been made, with forces landing on a regular commercial ferry in Gedser at 03:55 and moving north. German Fallschirmjäger (paratrooper) units had made unopposed landings and taken two airfields at Aalborg ,

2405-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

2470-563: The discussions were ongoing, several formations of Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17 bombers roared over the city dropping leaflets headed, in Danish, OPROP! (proclamation). At 05:25, two squadrons of German Messerschmitt Bf 110s attacked Værløse airfield on Zealand and neutralised the Danish Army Air Service by strafing . Despite Danish anti-aircraft fire , the German fighters destroyed ten Danish aircraft and seriously damaged another fourteen, thereby wiping out half of

2535-442: The entire Army Air Service. Faced with the explicit threat of the Luftwaffe bombing the civilian population of Copenhagen, and with only General Prior in favour of fighting on, King Christian and the entire Danish government capitulated at approximately 06:00, in exchange for retaining political independence in domestic matters. The invasion of Denmark lasted less than six hours and was the shortest military campaign conducted by

2600-722: The expedition continued, but the justification for it was removed after the Moscow Peace Treaty between Finland and the Soviet Union had been signed in March 1940 and ended the Winter War. Following a meeting with Vidkun Quisling from Norway on 14 December, Hitler turned his attention to Scandinavia. Convinced of the threat posed by the Allies to the iron ore supply, Hitler ordered the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht to begin preliminary planning for an invasion of Norway. The preliminary plan

2665-642: The far north, Norwegian, French and Polish troops, supported by the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force (RAF), fought against the Germans over the control of the Norwegian harbour Narvik, important for the year-round export of Swedish iron ore. The Germans were driven out of Narvik on 28 May, but the deteriorating situation on the European continent made the Allied troops withdraw in Operation Alphabet , and on 9 June,

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2730-640: The fortress (and the mistaken belief that mines had contributed to the sinking) delayed the rest of the naval invasion group long enough for the Royal Family , the Cabinet and members of Parliament to be evacuated, along with the national treasury . On their flight northward by special train, the court encountered the Battle of Midtskogen and bombs at Elverum and Nybergsund . As the Norwegian king and his legitimate government were not captured, Norway never surrendered in

2795-469: The gunners at Oscarsborg Fortress fired on the leading ship, Blücher , which had been illuminated by spotlights at about 04:15. Two of the fortress guns were 48-year-old German-made Krupp guns (nicknamed Moses and Aron ) of 280 mm (11 in) caliber. Within two hours, the badly damaged ship, unable to manoeuvre in the narrow fjord from multiple artillery and torpedo hits , sank with very heavy loss of life totalling 600–1,000 men. The threat from

2860-457: The insistence of the Luftwaffe to capture fighter bases and sites for air warning stations. The XXXI Corps , formed for the invasion of Denmark, consisted of two infantry divisions and the 11th motorized brigade. The entire operation would be supported by the X Air Corps, which consisted of some 1,000 aircraft of various types. In February, the Royal Navy destroyer HMS  Cossack boarded

2925-646: The invaders for a time before yielding; this was the first land combat between the British Army and the Wehrmacht in World War II. In land battles at Narvik, Norwegian and Allied forces under General Carl Gustav Fleischer achieved the first major tactical victory against the Wehrmacht in WWII. German forces then overpowered Norwegian troops at Gratangen. The King and his cabinet evacuated from Molde to Tromsø on 29 April, and

2990-609: The locations of the Stalag 380 prisoner-of-war camp , relocated in late 1942 from Skarżysko-Kamienna in German-occupied Poland . Dombås has a boreal climate with modest precipitation. Summer is the wettest season; late winter and spring is the driest season. The newspaper Vigga is published in Dombås. [REDACTED] Media related to Dombås at Wikimedia Commons Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density )

3055-522: The open waters of the North Sea , where the Royal Navy could intercept them. Churchill assumed that Wilfred would provoke a German response and that the Allies would then implement Plan R 4 and occupy Norway. Though later implemented, Operation Wilfred was initially rejected by Neville Chamberlain and Lord Halifax for fear of an adverse reaction among neutral nations such as the United States. The start of

3120-617: The other branches of the Wehrmacht were not interested, and Hitler issued a directive stating that the main effort would be a land offensive through the Low Countries . Toward the end of November 1939, Winston Churchill , as a new member of the Chamberlain war ministry , proposed the mining of Norwegian waters in Operation Wilfred . This would force the ore transports to travel through

3185-506: The paratroopers. Most of the surviving paratroopers were taken prisoner soon after landing. Only a single group of sixty-three Germans, under the company commander Oberleutnant Herbert Schmidt managed to avoid capture and sealed off the Gudbrandsdal valley holed up in two strategically placed farms. Only on 19 April did the isolated group of Germans surrender, having been surrounded by far superior Norwegian forces for five days. On 16 April

3250-443: The scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population

3315-451: The sea, the crops were not quite ripe, the season being backward. Barley required a few more days of sunshine, and the potatoes were still in bloom. The evenings became cold, and the farmers' faces showed their anxiety. The wind was from the NNW, and for two consecutive nights black frost appeared. The potato-vines turned black, and the grain crop was seriously injured. After the first frost everybody

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3380-434: The second battalion of Infantry Regiment no. 11 ( Møre ) that was bivouacked at Dombås on their way to the front north of Oslo. In the second opposed paratrooper attack in history (the first being the one made against Sola Air Station on 9 April) only seven out of fifteen Junkers Ju 52s made it back to their base at Fornebu airport the rest were lost to Norwegian Colt M/29 anti-aircraft machine gun fire, dispersing

3445-522: The two nations made the actual military operations very dissimilar. The invasion fleet's nominal landing time, Weserzeit (Weser Time), was set to 05:15. By the spring of 1939, the British Admiralty began to view Scandinavia as a potential theatre of war in a future conflict with Nazi Germany . However, the British government was reluctant to engage in another land conflict on the continent in

3510-525: Was also seen as a country that would have to fall at some point. Given Denmark's position on the Baltic Sea , the country was also crucial for the control of naval and shipping access to major German and Soviet harbours. At 04:00 on 9 April 1940, the German ambassador to Denmark, Cecil von Renthe-Fink , called the Danish Foreign Minister Peter Munch and requested a meeting with him. When the two men met 20 minutes later, Renthe-Fink declared that German troops were then moving in to occupy Denmark to protect

3575-453: Was an excellent place to launch U-boat operations into the North Atlantic to attack British commerce. Germany was dependent on iron ore from Sweden and was worried, with justification, that the Allies would attempt to disrupt those shipments, 90% of which originating from Narvik. The invasion of Norway was given to the XXI Army Corps under General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst and consisted of the following main units: The initial invasion force

3640-423: Was at work in the fields, women and men sheaving the barley, and every available hand digging the potatoes. There was sorrow in many a farmer's heart, for the people were now greatly distressed, and I detected tears on many a mother's cheek during these two days. After this sudden cold spell the weather became cloudy, a violent storm set in, and the ground was covered with 18 inches (460 mm) of wet snow, though it

3705-408: Was bombed by the Luftwaffe the decision was made to move to Gudbrandsdal where the Army High Command had relocated. The King's entourage at first got lost and ended up at Drevsø on the Swedish border where they were turned back by Swedish border guards. The King then went first to Hjerkinn and then to Otta . On his way to Otta the King passed through Dombås on 13 April 1940, only five hours before

3770-496: Was carrying a clandestine cargo of anti-aircraft artillery and ammunition for the German invasion force. Bergen, Stavanger, Egersund , Kristiansand, Arendal , Horten , Trondheim and Narvik were attacked and occupied within 24 hours. Ineffective resistance by the Norwegian armoured coastal defence ships Norge and Eidsvold took place at Narvik. Both ships were torpedoed and sunk with great loss of life. On 10 April The First Battle of Narvik took place between five destroyers of

3835-514: Was named Studie Nord and called for only one division of German troops carry out the invasion. Between 14 and 19 January, the Kriegsmarine developed an expanded version of this plan. It decided upon two key factors: surprise was essential to reduce the threat of Norwegian resistance (and Allied intervention), and faster German warships, rather than comparatively slow merchant ships, should be used as troop transports. That would allow all targets to be occupied simultaneously. The new plan called for

3900-432: Was only the 20th of September. The Dovre Line was extended to Dombås in 1913 and Dombås Station built. The line was extended onwards to Støren in 1921. Three years later, the Rauma Line opened connecting Dombås to Åndalsnes . Dombås Church was completed in 1939. In 1940, during the Norwegian Campaign , the Germans recognized this rail, roadway and telegraph junction was strategically significant. From 13 April on

3965-452: Was protected by the local Dovreskogen gun club, they did ambush the cabinet minister Frihagen, capturing his car and a suitcase with 1.5 million  kr . Minister Frihagen managed to escape the ambush and the money was recovered when Oberleutnant Schmidt surrendered 19 April. The King eventually made his way to Molde from where he was brought to Tromsø by HMS Glasgow . During the German occupation of Norway , Dombås and Oppdal were

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4030-425: Was put into action, and a Royal Navy squadron led by the battlecruiser HMS  Renown left Scapa Flow to mine Norwegian waters. The first German ships set sail for the invasion on 7 April 1940 at 3:00 a.m. The mine fields were laid in the Vestfjorden in the early morning of 8 April. Operation Wilfred was over, but later that day, the destroyer HMS  Glowworm , which detached on 7 April to search for

4095-461: Was the Soviet Union, the successor of Sweden's and Finland's archenemy, Russia, on friendly terms with Hitler under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact . A small number of Finnish volunteers helped the Norwegian Army against Germans in an ambulance unit. Swedish and Finnish trade was dependent on the Kriegsmarine , and Germany put pressure on neutral Sweden to permit transit of military goods and soldiers on leave . On 18 June 1940, an agreement

4160-406: Was the invasion of Denmark and Norway by Nazi Germany during World War II . It was the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign . In the early morning of 9 April 1940 ( Wesertag , "Weser Day"), German forces occupied Denmark and invaded Norway, ostensibly as a preventive manoeuvre against a planned Anglo-French occupation of Norway known as Plan R 4 , which developed as a response to

4225-404: Was transported in several groups by ships of the Kriegsmarine : Shortly after noon on 8 April, the clandestine German troopship SS  Rio de Janeiro was sunk off Lillesand by the Polish submarine ORP  Orzeł , part of the Royal Navy's 2nd Submarine Flotilla. However, the news of the sinking reached the appropriate levels of officialdom in Oslo too late to do much more than trigger

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