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58-631: The territory of the town borders with Moscow in the south and in the east, Khimki in the southwest, and is limited by the Moscow Canal in the west and by the Klyazminskoye Reservoir in the north. The town can be reached by suburban train from the Savyolovsky Terminal of Moscow in about twenty minutes to one of the three platforms: Novodachnaya , Dolgoprudnaya , or Vodniki , or by bus shuttle from Khovrino and Altufyevo stations of

116-685: A city' in Russian, and is often also used metonymically in international politics to refer to the Government of the Russian Federation . Likewise, during the Cold War , it referred to the Government of the Soviet Union , which operated out of the city in the erstwhile Russian SFSR . The term " Kremlinology " is related to the metonym and refers to the study of Soviet and Russian politics. Largely open to

174-554: A criminal case was opened against him, and on 25 July 2006, he was arrested and soon convicted. In the elections on 7 December 2003, Vladimir Strelchenko was elected to the post of head of the Khimki district (20.0% of the votes, or 15,085); the vice-head was businessman Igor Belousov. Strelchenko was supported in the elections by the governor of the Moscow Oblast, Boris Gromov . The second candidate, Yevgeny Artamonov, received 16.8% of

232-768: A direct distance of 22 kilometres from Moscow city centre. At the time of the conflict this location was outside Khimki. This memorial is different to the Khimki War Memorial moved in 2007 to in Novoluzhinskoe cemetery. Khimki was home to several Soviet aerospace defense development centers that became the principal employers for the majority of the city population. This included R&D enterprises which designed surface-to-air missiles for S-75 , S-125 , S-200 , S-300 Soviet air defense systems, engines for intercontinental ballistic missiles and satellite launch vehicles , and other types of equipment. For this reason, Khimki

290-657: A great deal of commercial activity due to its location between Moscow and one of its main airports, Sheremetyevo . As of 2015 some aerospace-development centers located in Khimki contribute to a program of the International Space Station . Former Soviet aerospace and defense development centers located in Khimki: Khimki hosts one of the largest shopping malls in Russia , which features French chain-store Auchan and Swedish furniture-retailer IKEA . Khimki station

348-527: A heroic scale, which involved the demolition of several churches and palaces, as well as a portion of the Kremlin wall. After the preparations were over, construction was delayed due to lack of funds. Several years later the architect Matvey Kazakov supervised the reconstruction of the dismantled sections of the wall and of some structures of the Chudov Monastery and built the spacious and luxurious Offices of

406-599: A letter of resignation from the post of head of the city district, which was approved by the Council of Deputies of the city district. On 10 November 2014, Vladimir Sleptsov was appointed acting head of the Khimki administration, and in December of the same year he was confirmed as head of the district administration. On 14 November 2014, deputies of the Council of Deputies of the Khimki City District elected Alexander Dryannov as

464-630: Is 1.8 km (1.1 mi) south east of Molzhaninovo railway station . The memorial was unveiled on 6 December 1966 as a 25th anniversary recognition of the launch of the Soviet counter offensive. This location is just short of an intersection with the Moscow–St Petersburg railway (close to where the IKEA shopping centre has since been built). This memorial and shopping centre on the Northern side of Khimki has

522-461: Is being extensively developed with much commercial and residential construction due to its favorable location and following the growing demand for real estate in the suburbs of Moscow. Khimki Khimki ( Russian : Химки , IPA: [ˈxʲimkʲɪ] ) is a city in Moscow Oblast , Russia. It is located approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest from central Moscow , and

580-487: Is between 3.5 and 6.5 metres (11 and 21 ft). Originally there were eighteen Kremlin towers , but their number increased to twenty in the 17th century. All but three of the towers are square in plan. The highest tower is the Troitskaya , which was built to its present height of 80 metres (260 ft) in 1495. Most towers were originally crowned with wooden tents. The extant brick tents with strips of colored tiles date to

638-693: Is on the Moscow-St Petersburg Railway . Road transport includes bus and trolleybus . Khimki Khimki is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Khimki at Wikimedia Commons Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin or simply the Kremlin is a fortified complex in Moscow , Russia . Located in the centre of the country's capital city, it is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels ) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and

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696-409: Is part of the Moscow metropolitan area . The city of Khimki is attached to the city of Moscow and has a border with it. Khimki was initially a railway station that existed since 1850 on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway . The Moskva-Volga Canal was constructed between 1932 and 1937 on which Khimki lies on the west bank. Khimki was then officially founded in 1939. The German attack starting

754-637: Is the oldest extant structure in the Kremlin and the whole of Moscow. The northern corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal , which was built for Peter the Great in 1701. The southwestern section of the Kremlin holds the Armoury building . Built in 1851 to a Renaissance Revival design, it is currently a museum housing Russian state Regalia and Diamond Fund . The haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylophaga muralis (first called Methylophaga murata )

812-447: The Battle of Moscow (code-named 'Operation Typhoon') began on 2 October 1941. The attack on a broad front brought German forces to occupy the village of Krasnaya Polyana (now in the town of Lobnya ) to Moscow's North West. Krasnaya Polyana was taken on 30 November. Many sources state that at least one German army patrol visited Khimki. Similarly many sources state this as the closest point

870-527: The Bolsheviks in 1918. The Soviet government moved from Petrograd (present-day Saint Petersburg) to Moscow on 12 March 1918. Vladimir Lenin selected the Kremlin Senate as his residence. Joseph Stalin also had his personal rooms in the Kremlin. He was eager to remove all the "relics of the tsarist regime" from his headquarters. Golden eagles on the towers were replaced by shining Kremlin stars , while

928-448: The Mongols in 1237 and rebuilt in oak by Ivan I Kalita in 1339. Dmitri Donskoi replaced the oak palisade with a strong citadel of white limestone in 1366–1368 on the basic foundations of the current walls; this fortification withstood a siege by Khan Tokhtamysh . Dmitri's son Vasily I resumed construction of churches and cloisters in the Kremlin. The newly built Cathedral of

986-551: The Moscow Metro . The Dmitrovskoye highway connecting Moscow with Dmitrov and Dubna passes just east of the town. A settlement of Vinogradovo situated in the place of the modern town was known at least since the 17th century. Then a railway was built in the 1900s (decade) and a railway platform was built in 1914. The settlement started to develop as an airship manufacturing plant was built there in 1931. The aeronautic engineer Umberto Nobile worked there for five years during

1044-532: The Patriarchal Chambers and the Terem Palace . The existing Kremlin walls and towers were built by Italian masters from 1485 to 1495. The irregular triangle of the Kremlin wall encloses an area of 275,000 square metres (2,960,000 sq ft). Its overall length is 2,235 metres (2,444 yards), but the height ranges from 5 to 19 metres (16 to 62 ft), depending on the terrain. The wall's thickness

1102-576: The Time of Troubles , the Kremlin was held by the Polish forces for two years, between 21 September 1610 and 26 October 1612. The Kremlin's liberation by the volunteer army of prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin from Nizhny Novgorod paved the way for the election of Mikhail Romanov as the new tsar. During his reign and that of his son Alexis and grandson Feodor , the eleven-domed Upper Saviour Cathedral, Armorial Gate , Terem Palace , Amusement Palace and

1160-581: The 1090s which was unearthed by Soviet archaeologists in the area. The Vyatichi built a fortified structure (or "grad") on the hill where the Neglinnaya River flowed into the Moskva River . Up to the 14th century, the site was known as the "grad of Moscow". The word "Kremlin" was first recorded in 1331 (though etymologist Max Vasmer mentions an earlier appearance in 1320 ). The grad was greatly extended by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy in 1156, destroyed by

1218-599: The 1680s. Cathedral Square is the heart of the Kremlin. It is surrounded by six buildings, including three cathedrals . The Cathedral of the Dormition was completed in 1479 to be the main church of Moscow and where all the Tsars were crowned. The massive limestone façade, capped with its five golden cupolas , was the design of Aristotele Fioravanti . Several important metropolitans and patriarchs are buried there, including Peter and Makarii . The gilded, three-domed Cathedral of

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1276-774: The 1750s to the design of Francesco Rastrelli . The elaborate Baroque structure was demolished, as was the nearby church of St. John the Precursor, built by Aloisio the New in 1508 in place of the first church constructed in Moscow. The architect Konstantin Thon was commissioned to replace them with the Grand Kremlin Palace , which was to rival the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in its dimensions and in

1334-460: The 1930s. For a few years during the 1930s, the settlement was renamed Dirizhablestroy (meaning "airship building"). In 1951, the famous Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology or Phystech, moved to Dolgoprudny, and a construction of its present campus started in the southern part of the town, inspired by the Nobel Prize winners Pyotr Kapitsa , Lev Landau , and Nikolay Semyonov . Town status

1392-639: The Administration of the Governor of the Moscow Oblast. Maria Kitaeva, the governor's adviser on information issues, told ITAR-TASS, "he wrote a letter of resignation of his own free will." The statement was written after Strelchenko's conversation with Sergei Shoigu . One of the reasons for the resignation of Vladimir Strelchenko was the appearance of compromising evidence on the Himkileaks website. On 17 August 2012, First Deputy Head of Administration Oleg Shakhov

1450-655: The Annunciation was completed next in 1489, only to be reconstructed to a nine-domed design a century later. On the south-east of the square is the much larger Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1508), where almost all the Muscovite monarchs from Ivan Kalita to Ivan V of Russia are interred. Also Boris Godunov was originally buried there but was moved to the Trinity Monastery . There are two domestic churches of

1508-541: The Annunciation was painted by Theophanes the Greek , Andrei Rublev , and Prokhor in 1406. The Chudov Monastery was founded by Dmitri's tutor, Metropolitan Alexis ; while his widow, Eudoxia , established the Ascension Convent in 1397. Grand Prince Ivan III organised the reconstruction of the Kremlin, inviting a number of skilled architects from Renaissance Italy , including Petrus Antonius Solarius , who designed

1566-524: The Germans reached to Moscow (Khimki at the time was 8 km (almost 4 or 5 mi), from the edge of Moscow). Among the sources stating the Germans visited Khimki the details of the date and unit involved are inconsistent and disputed. One story of events asserts a skirmish took place in Khimki on 16 October at the Leningradskoe Shosse bridge involving a German motorcycle unit, but this would have been far from

1624-479: The Khimki branch of the LDPR - Nikolai Kovtun. Chairman of the Khimki branch of A Just Russia - Mikhail Khorsev. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Khimki Urban Okrug . The city enjoys

1682-650: The Khimki urban district consists of six parties: United Russia , the Communist Party of the Russian Federation , the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia , A Just Russia , Yabloko , and Rodina . Secretary of the local branch of the United Russia Party - Dmitry Voloshin. First secretary of the Khimki city branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Alexey Perfilov. Coordinator of

1740-768: The Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, the Church of the Twelve Apostles (1653–1656) and the exquisite one-domed Church of the Deposition of the Virgin's Robe , built by Pskov artisans from 1484 to 1488 and featuring superb icons and frescoes from 1627 and 1644. The other notable structure is the Ivan the Great Bell Tower on the north-east corner of the square, which is said to mark

1798-519: The Palace of Facets are linked by the Grand Kremlin Palace . This was commissioned by Nicholas I in 1838. The largest structure in the Kremlin, it cost 11 million rubles to build and more than one billion dollars to renovate in the 1990s. It contains dazzling reception halls, a ceremonial red staircase, private apartments of the tsars, and the lower story of the Resurrection of Lazarus church (1393), which

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1856-620: The Senate , since adapted for use as the principal workplace of the President of Russia. During the Imperial period, from the early 18th and until the late 19th century, the Kremlin walls were traditionally painted white, in accordance with fashion. French forces occupied the Kremlin from 2 September to 11 October 1812, following the French invasion of Russia . When Napoleon retreated from Moscow, he ordered

1914-593: The enclosing Kremlin Wall along with the Kremlin towers . Within the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace , which served as the royal residence of the Emperor of Russia . It is now the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation . The Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west. The name kremlin means 'fortress within

1972-617: The exact center of Moscow and resemble a burning candle. Completed in 1600, it is 81 metres (266 feet) high. Until the Russian Revolution, it was the tallest structure in the city, as construction of buildings taller than that was forbidden. Its 21 bells would sound the alarm if any enemy was approaching. The upper part of the structure was destroyed by the French during the Napoleonic Invasion in 1812 and has been rebuilt. The Tsar bell ,

2030-530: The head of the Khimki region was Yuri Korablin, and the vice-head was Sergei Krivorotenko. In 2001, Korablin became a deputy of the Moscow Oblast Duma, and his post was automatically taken by the vice-head. Unlike other municipalities in the Moscow Oblast, the charter of the Khimki district clearly provided for this option. In September 2003, Sergei Krivorotenko disappeared from the administration. Subsequently,

2088-672: The immediate threat to Moscow" started on 5 December on the North-Western Front (the area around Khimki North West of Moscow). The South-Western Front and Western Fronts began their offensives on 6 December. The German forces were driven back. Moscow was never under such close land threat again during the war. A memorial in the form of a giant tank trap is located at the "Kilometer 23" point 55°54′46.103″N 37°24′10.577″E  /  55.91280639°N 37.40293806°E  / 55.91280639; 37.40293806 ) of Leningradskoye Highway (the highway to St. Petersburg). The memorial

2146-413: The largest bell in the world, stands on a pedestal next to the tower. The oldest secular structure still standing is Ivan III 's Palace of Facets (1491), which holds the imperial thrones. The next oldest is the first home of the royal family, the Terem Palace . The original Terem Palace was also commissioned by Ivan III, but most of the existing palace was built in the 17th century. The Terem Palace and

2204-405: The main body of German forces at that time. Another account is a patrol reached Khimki around 30 November or early December before returning to its main unit without combat. The dates mentioned for this second account vary. A myth surrounding this is that the Germans would have been able to see the Kremlin 19 kilometres in the distance from Khimki. The Soviet Army counter offensive for "removing

2262-431: The new Head of the city district. On 2 August 2016, Vladimir Sleptsov was appointed head of the Khimki city district. On 22 September 2016, Sleptsov resigned of his own free will. First Deputy Head of Administration Dmitry Voloshin was appointed acting head of the city district. In December 2016, by decision of the Council of Deputies, Dmitry Voloshin was elected head of the Khimki city district. The Council of Deputies of

2320-546: The new Kremlin wall and its towers, and Marcus Ruffus who designed the new palace for the prince. It was during his reign that three extant cathedrals of the Kremlin, the Deposition Church, and the Palace of Facets were constructed. The highest building of the city and Muscovite Russia was the Ivan the Great Bell Tower , built in 1505–1508 and augmented to its present height in 1600. The Kremlin walls as they now appear were built between 1485 and 1495. Spasskie gates of

2378-627: The opulence of its interiors. The palace was constructed in 1839–1849, followed by the re-building of the Kremlin Armoury in 1851. After 1851 the Kremlin changed little until the Russian Revolution of 1917 . The only new features added during this period were the Monument to Alexander II and a stone cross marking the spot where in 1905 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia was assassinated by Ivan Kalyayev . These monuments were destroyed by

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2436-502: The original interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace, which were altered during Stalin's rule. Overall, during the Soviet rule (1917–1991), 28 out of 54 historic buildings in the Kremlin were destroyed (among them 17 out of 31 churches and cathedrals), most of them centuries-old. The State Kremlin Palace (alias Kremlin Palace of Congresses), was commissioned by Nikita Khrushchev as a modern arena for Communist Party meetings and

2494-476: The palace of Patriarch Nikon were built. Following the death of Alexis's son, Feodor, and the Moscow Uprising of 1682 , Tsar Peter escaped with much difficulty from the Kremlin and as a result developed a dislike for it. Three decades later in 1703, Peter abandoned the residence of his forefathers for his new capital, Saint Petersburg . The Golden Hall, a throne room with murals painted probably after 1547,

2552-498: The public, the Kremlin offers supervised tours; the accompanying Moscow Kremlin Museums reportedly attracted 1,024,610 visitors in 2023. The site had been continuously inhabited by Finnic peoples (especially the Meryans ) since the 2nd century BCE . The Slavs occupied the south-western portion of Borovitsky Hill as early as the 11th century, as evidenced by a metropolitan seal from

2610-399: The reign of Ivan the Terrible . The same tsar also renovated some of his grandfather's palaces, added a new palace and cathedral for his sons, and endowed the Trinity metochion inside the Kremlin. The metochion was administrated by the Trinity Monastery and contained the graceful tower church of St. Sergius , which was described by foreigners as one of the finest in the country. During

2668-414: The remainder of the reign of Alexander I , several ancient structures were renovated in a fanciful neo-Gothic style, but many others, including all the buildings of the Trinity metochion, were condemned as "disused" or "dilapidated" and were torn down. On visiting Moscow for his coronation festivities, Tsar Nicholas I was not satisfied with the Grand Palace (alias Winter Palace), which had been erected in

2726-410: The vote (12,672). In the 2009 elections, Vladimir Strelchenko was re-elected to the post of head of the Khimki urban district (50.4%, or 27,443). Igor Belousov also participated in the elections and scored 22.8% (12,401). On 15 August 2012, Vladimir Strelchenko announced through the official website of the City Administration that he resigned, effective 17 August 2012. This information was confirmed by

2784-468: The wall near Lenin's Mausoleum was turned into the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . The Chudov Monastery and Ascension Convent , with their 16th-century cathedrals , were demolished to make room for the military school. The Little Nicholas Palace and the old Saviour Cathedral were pulled down as well. During the Second World War , in order to confuse the German pilots, the towers were repainted with different colors and covered with wooden tents. Every roof

2842-418: The wall still bear a dedication in Latin praising Petrus Antonius Solarius for the design. After construction of the new kremlin walls and churches was complete, the monarch decreed that no structures should be built in the immediate vicinity of the citadel. The Kremlin was separated from the walled merchant town ( Kitay-gorod ) by a 30-meter-wide moat, over which Saint Basil's Cathedral was constructed during

2900-441: The whole Kremlin to be blown up. The Kremlin Arsenal , several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and the Faceted Chamber and other churches were damaged by fire. Explosions continued for three days, from 21 to 23 October 1812. However, rain damaged the fuses , and the damage was less severe than intended. Restoration works were undertaken in 1816–1819, supervised by Osip Bove . During

2958-443: Was appointed acting Head of the Khimki City District, having taken this position only two days earlier - on 15 August 2012. Before this, Shakhov worked as first deputy governor of the Tula Oblast . Having defeated opposition candidate Yevgeniya Chirikova in the elections held on 14 October 2012, Shakhov became the Head of the city district. In November 2014, Oleg Shakhov was accused of fraud of 22 million rubles, after which he wrote

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3016-436: Was built within the Kremlin walls 1959–1961. Externally the palace is faced with white marble and the windows are tinted and reflective. The construction replaced several heritage buildings, including the old neo-classical building of the State Armoury, and some of the rear parts of the Grand Kremlin Palace . The Palace was constructed and integrated into the larger complex of the Great Kremlin Palace with walkways linking it to

3074-401: Was destroyed to make place for the Kremlin Palace, commissioned by Elizabeth of Russia and designed by architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1752. Although still used for coronation ceremonies, the Kremlin was abandoned and neglected until 1773, when Catherine the Great engaged Vasili Bazhenov to build her new residence there. Bazhenov produced a bombastic Neoclassical design on

3132-407: Was first isolated from deteriorating marble in the Kremlin. To stop disruptions to traffic caused by motorcades, Russian President Vladimir Putin authorized the construction of a helipad in the Kremlin. The helipad was completed in May 2013. The Russian President will now commute back and forth to the Kremlin using a Mil Mi-8 helicopter. Careful consideration was taken in choosing the location of

3190-412: Was granted in 1957. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Dolgoprudny Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Dolgoprudny Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Dolgoprudny Urban Okrug . Now the town has machinery-building, engineering, and chemical industries. It

3248-558: Was off limits for all foreigners visiting the country, despite its location on a highway between Moscow and its major international airport. In 2010 the city saw protests over the construction of the new Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway through the Khimki Forest . The city of Khimki is adjacent to the city of Moscow, immediately beyond the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD). Population: 254,748 ( 2019 Census ); 207,425 ( 2010 Census ); 141,000 ( 2002 Census ); 132,902 ( 1989 Soviet census ) ; 106,000 (1977); 23,000 (1939). Until 2001,

3306-407: Was painted rusty brown so as to make them indistinguishable from typical roofs in the city. The grounds, paved with cobblestone, were covered up with sand. Tents painted to look like roofs were stretched over the gardens, and the facades of the buildings were also painted. The residence of the Soviet government was closed to tourists until 1955. It was not until the Khrushchev Thaw that the Kremlin

3364-414: Was reopened to foreign visitors. The Kremlin Museums were established in 1961, and the complex was among the first Soviet patrimonies inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1990. Although the current director of the Kremlin Museums, Elena Gagarina ( Yuri Gagarin 's daughter), advocates a full-scale restoration of the destroyed cloisters, recent developments have been confined to expensive restoration of

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