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23-660: Dolgan speak the Dolgan language , which is closely related to the Yakut language . In the 17th century, the Dolgans lived in the basins of the Olenyok River and Lena River . They moved to their current location, Taymyr , in the 18th century. The Dolgan identity began to emerge during the 19th and early 20th centuries, under the influence of three groups who migrated to the Krasnoyarsk area from

46-560: A refugium for the mammoth steppe , supporting mammoths and other widespread Ice Age mammals such as wild horses ( Equus sp.). The coasts of the Taymyr Peninsula are frozen most of the year, between September and June on average. The summer season is short, especially on the shores of the Laptev Sea in the northeast. The climate in the north and exterior of the peninsula is Tundra Climate ( ET ), while some areas further-south have

69-569: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Dolgan language The Dolgan language is a severely endangered Turkic language with 930 speakers, spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia . The speakers are known as the Dolgans . The word "Dolgan", derived from Evenki, means 'tribe living on the middle reaches of the river'. This is most likely signifying the geographical location of

92-563: Is that Dolgan does not have comitative case . In conjugation of a verb in the common form of - ааччы , the paradigms of Dolgan inclination were preserved with the word баар . The table below lists case forms for the noun таба deer ( camel in Common Turkic): Taymyr Peninsula The Taymyr Peninsula ( / t aɪ ˈ m ɪər / ty-MEER ) is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia , in

115-566: Is the same alphabet used by the related language, Yakut . Evenki 's influence on Dolgan can explain, in part, why it is considered a separate language from Yakut. Dolgan has made appearances in newspapers, such as the Taymyr , as well as schools starting around the time of the 60s. However, now there are only around 1,050 speakers of the Dolgan language. Certain words in the language were developed from geographical implications that have been present since

138-529: Is the site of the last known naturally occurring muskox outside of North America , which died out about 2,000 years ago. They were successfully reintroduced in 1975. The population grew to 2,500 in 2002 increasing to 6,500 in 2010. Study in 2021 found that based on eDNA , woolly mammoths survived on the Taymyr Peninsula until 3,900 to 4,100 years ago, roughly concurrent with the Wrangel population. The Taymyr Peninsula, with its drier habitat, may have served as

161-531: The Nenets language , "tai myarey" means "bald" or "bare," possibly in reference to the region’s low-growing tundra . In the Nganasan language , "taa mire" translates to "reindeer paths." The Nenets people , also known as Samoyeds , are an indigenous people in northern arctic Russia , and some live at the Taymyr Peninsula. The Nganasan people are an indigenous Samoyedic people inhabiting central Siberia, including

184-571: The North Siberian subbranch of the Turkic language family. Like most other Turkic languages, Dolgan has vowel harmony , agglutinative morphology , subject-object-verb word order, and lacks grammatical gender . Dolgan is linguistically relatively close to its nearest relative Sakha (also known as Yakut), which has led researchers for a long time to account for it as a variety of the latter, cf. Dolgich's (1963: 129) statement in his well-known paper on

207-814: The Siberian Federal District , that forms the northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia . Administratively it is part of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Federal subject of Russia . The Taymyr Peninsula lies between the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea and the Khatanga Gulf of the Laptev Sea . Lake Taymyr and the Byrranga Mountains are located within the vast Taymyr Peninsula. Cape Chelyuskin ,

230-430: The 19th century, thanks to the geographer and explorer Alexander von Middendorff (1815–1894), the name came to refer to the entire peninsula . Other interpretations exist as well. For example, in Yakut , "tuoy muora" translates to "salt lake," which can also be understood metaphorically as "fertile" or "blessed," since salt is vital for the health of reindeer . Another Yakut version, "Tymyr," means "blood vessel." In

253-460: The 20th century. MMC Norilsk Nickel conducts mining operations in the area. The company conducts smelting operations in the area of the city of Norilsk , near the peninsula. The nickel ore concentrate and other products of the company are transported over a short railroad to the port city of Dudinka on the Yenisei River, and from there by boat to Murmansk and other ports. The peninsula

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276-484: The Dolgan tribe. Its closest relative is Sakha . The language is very local and restricted to a certain area and has declined in usage over the years. As of 2010 there are only about 1,050 speakers of the language. The language has expressed a few changes since the beginning of its formation, such as alphabet and phrasing terms. The issue as of recently has become the weak integration of this local language within families with mixed marriages. Instead of speaking either of

299-621: The Lena River and Olenyok River region: Evenks , Yakuts , Enets , and so-called tundra peasants ( зату́ндренные крестья́не , zatúndrennye krest’jáne ). Originally, the Dolgans were nomadic hunters and reindeer herders. However, they were prevented from following a nomadic lifestyle during the Soviet era and required to form kolkhozy (rural collectives ) that – in addition to their traditional activities – engaged in reindeer breeding, fishing , dairy farming and market gardening . In 1983,

322-769: The Taymyr Peninsula. In the Russian Federation , they are recognized as being one of the Small-Numbered peoples of the Russian North . They reside primarily in the settlements of Ust-Avam, Volachanka, and Novaya in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai , with smaller populations residing in the towns of Dudinka and Norilsk as well. The isolated location of the Nganasan people enabled them to maintain shamanistic practices even in

345-534: The anthropologist Shirin Akiner claimed: "Dolgans enjoy full Soviet citizenship. They are found in all occupations, though the majority are peasants and collective farm workers. Their standard of housing is comparable to that of other national groups in the Soviet Union." Most Dolgans practice old shamanistic beliefs; however, most are influenced by Eastern Orthodox Christianity . This article about Russian culture

368-465: The ground?" Dolgan is established as a dominant language in the Taymyr Peninsula . There are three Dolgan subgroups: All dialects are understood among each other, despite subtle differences. Yakut is also understood among all since it is so similar. The Dolgan language started out having a Latin alphabet in the early 20th century. Over time, the Cyrillic alphabet was implemented instead since it

391-604: The northernmost point of the Eurasian continent , is located at the northern end of the Taymyr Peninsula. There are several theories about the origin of the name "Taimyr." The most widely accepted explanation is that it comes from the Evenki language , originating from the ancient Tungus word "tamura," which means "valuable, precious, rich." The Evenki people originally used this name for the Taimyr River , known for its abundance of fish. In

414-464: The noun is: case , number , possession , and in the verb is: voice , aspect , mode , time, person and number . Dolgan language exhibits eight grammatical cases . In contrast in the Sakha language (i.e. Yakut), the partitive is used in the possessive declension to address the accusative case , and joint case serves to structure two similar parts of a sentence. Another notable difference from Sakha

437-743: The origin of the Dolgans: " ... долганский язык является диалектом якутского языка." ‘[ ...] the Dolgan language is a dialect of the Yakut language.’. Only in 1985 did Elizaveta Ubryatova account for Dolgan as a separate language, namely in her monograph on the language of the Norilsk Dolgans. "Uskuolaga üörenebin." "Dulğanlıı kepsetebin." "Kâr" "Tuogunan hir barıta habıllınna?" "Oskuolaga üörenebin." "Saxalıı kepsetebin." "Xâr" "Tugunan sir bar(ı)ta sabılınna?" "(I am) studying at school." "(I) speak Yakut (Dolgan)." "Snow" "What covered

460-461: The parents' local languages, the family incorporates Russian as the more dominant language to ease interfamilial and external communication. This results in children learning the language only slightly or as a second language. Over generations, the language continues to fade. In 1999, however, some children were apparently learning Dolgan, with Russian also being learned at an early age. Dolgan, along with its close relative Sakha (Yakut) , belongs to

483-405: The sea shore. However, this is not true for all directional terms, nor all words of the Dolgan language. Southwest, uhä , and northeast, allara , have no significance in geographical terms relative to Taymyr. Dolgan has the following phonetic characteristics: Over time, the language itself has changed and adapted. Even during the time period when it had a Cyrillic alphabet, it changed over

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506-465: The start of the Dolgan language. For instance, the directional terms tās (1. south 2. east) and muora (1. north 2. west) are representative of the corresponding landscapes. Tās is related to the word stone, and the southeast topography of the native region, Taymyr Peninsula , is covered by the Putorana Mountains . Similarly, muora denotes "sea" where the western zone of Taymyr has access to

529-435: The years. The first version of alphabet of the language had the following appearance: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Иэ иэ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Уо уо, Ү ү, Үө үө, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ыа ыа, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я . The current Dolgan alphabet is still Cyrillic and looks as follows: The composition of morphological categories in

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