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64-635: On January 23, 2017, OpenText , a Canadian technology firm based in Waterloo, Ontario , Canada specializing in enterprise content management, acquired Documentum from Dell EMC for $ 1.62 billion. Howard Shao and John Newton founded Documentum in June 1990. They had previously worked together at Ingres , a leading relational database vendor at the time, and sought to solve unstructured information management problems using relational database technologies . (Unstructured information refers to information that does not have

128-459: A full-text search engine for retrieving documents from the repository. EDMS was adopted by several large enterprises, such as pharmaceuticals , oil and gas , financial services , and manufacturing companies . In 1993, Jeffrey Miller, a Silicon Valley marketing executive, joined Documentum as president and CEO with a mandate to transform the company from a technology-driven start-up into an established software firm. Under Miller's leadership,

192-513: A formal data structure – documents, images, audio, video, etc.) With initial backing from Xerox , Shah and Newton developed a customized system for Boeing to organize, store, maintain, and selectively publish the thousands of pages of information for the Boeing 777 training manuals. They developed another customized system for Syntex , a pharmaceutical vendor, to automate the assembly of New Drug Application (NDA) documents when seeking approval from

256-399: A new row is written to the table, a new unique value for the primary key is generated; this is the key that the system uses primarily for accessing the table. System performance is optimized for PKs. Other, more natural keys may also be identified and defined as alternate keys (AK). Often several columns are needed to form an AK (this is one reason why a single integer column is usually made

320-445: A relational database system is composed of Codd's 12 rules . However, no commercial implementations of the relational model conform to all of Codd's rules, so the term has gradually come to describe a broader class of database systems, which at a minimum: In 1974, IBM began developing System R , a research project to develop a prototype RDBMS. The first system sold as an RDBMS was Multics Relational Data Store (June 1976). Oracle

384-534: A scalable, flexible solution. OpenText RightFax provides network-based fax functionality to enterprise organizations and has evolved through many versions since it was first released in 1992. RedDot, founded in 1993, was a business unit of OpenText Corporation that the company refers to as the Web Solutions Group . The software assists in the management of content, with regulatory compliance and industry specific requirements. Its core product, RedDot CMS

448-455: A single relation, even though they may grab information from several relations. Also, derived relations can be used as an abstraction layer . A domain describes the set of possible values for a given attribute, and can be considered a constraint on the value of the attribute. Mathematically, attaching a domain to an attribute means that any value for the attribute must be an element of the specified set. The character string "ABC" , for instance,

512-507: A system. For increased security, the system design may grant access to only the stored procedures and not directly to the tables. Fundamental stored procedures contain the logic needed to insert new and update existing data. More complex procedures may be written to implement additional rules and logic related to processing or selecting the data. The relational database was first defined in June 1970 by Edgar Codd , of IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory . Codd's view of what qualifies as an RDBMS

576-414: A tuple (restricting combinations of attributes) or to an entire relation. Since every attribute has an associated domain, there are constraints ( domain constraints ). The two principal rules for the relational model are known as entity integrity and referential integrity . Every relation /table has a primary key, this being a consequence of a relation being a set . A primary key uniquely specifies

640-476: A tuple within a table. While natural attributes (attributes used to describe the data being entered) are sometimes good primary keys, surrogate keys are often used instead. A surrogate key is an artificial attribute assigned to an object which uniquely identifies it (for instance, in a table of information about students at a school they might all be assigned a student ID in order to differentiate them). The surrogate key has no intrinsic (inherent) meaning, but rather

704-409: A unified enterprise content management (ECM) platform for storing a virtually unlimited range of content types within a shared repository . The platform provided integrated business process management (BPM) capabilities as well as tools for managing content across a distributed organization. The company made many acquisitions over several years, adding additional capabilities. Documentum Server

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768-520: Is a Windows -based server application that provides Web content management in a multi-user environment. Complementary to the CMS or as a standalone product, LiveServer aggregates disparate document resources and serves them as Web pages. Red dots on the authoring interface indicated sections of editable content for each web page, hence the name RedDot for the product. This feature was popular with customers and won awards in 2001 for its usability. By 2006, RedDot

832-727: Is a Canadian Information company that develops and sells enterprise information management (EIM) software . OpenText, headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario , Canada, is Canada's fourth-largest software company as of 2022, and recognized as one of Canada's top 100 employers 2016 by Mediacorp Canada Inc. OpenText software applications manage content and unstructured data for large companies, government agencies, and professional service firms. OpenText aims its products at addressing information management requirements, including management of large volumes of content, compliance with regulatory requirements, and mobile and online experience management. OpenText employs 22,900 people worldwide, and

896-662: Is a publicly traded company, listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ (OTEX). Timothy Bray , with University of Waterloo professors Frank Tompa and Gaston Gonnet , founded OpenText Corporation in 1991. It grew out of OpenText Systems Inc., founded in 1989. The founders spun the company off from a University of Waterloo project that developed technology to index the Oxford English Dictionary . Key people involved later include Tom Jenkins, who joined

960-525: Is a repository in which the content is stored securely under compliance rules and a unified environment, although the content may reside on multiple servers and physical storage devices within a networked environment. Documentum provides services such as document management , collaboration, search , content classification , input management, Business Process Management (BPM), customer communication management , and Web content management . OpenText OpenText Corporation (styled as opentext )

1024-503: Is analogous to using the index of a book to go directly to the page on which the information you are looking for is found, so that you do not have to read the entire book to find what you are looking for. Relational databases typically supply multiple indexing techniques, each of which is optimal for some combination of data distribution, relation size, and typical access pattern. Indices are usually implemented via B+ trees , R-trees , and bitmaps . Indices are usually not considered part of

1088-497: Is not in the integer domain, but the integer value 123 is. Another example of domain describes the possible values for the field "CoinFace" as ("Heads","Tails"). So, the field "CoinFace" will not accept input values like (0,1) or (H,T). Constraints are often used to make it possible to further restrict the domain of an attribute. For instance, a constraint can restrict a given integer attribute to values between 1 and 10. Constraints provide one method of implementing business rules in

1152-449: Is summarized in Codd's 12 rules . A relational database has become the predominant type of database. Other models besides the relational model include the hierarchical database model and the network model . The table below summarizes some of the most important relational database terms and the corresponding SQL term: In a relational database, a relation is a set of tuples that have

1216-452: Is the core platform, which manages content in a repository consisting of three parts: a content server, a relational database , and a place to store files. Items in the repository are stored as objects. The file associated with an object is usually stored in a file system, and the object's associated metadata (file name, storage location, creation date, etc.) are stored as a record in a relational database. Formerly known as D2, Smart View

1280-408: Is the primary client for Documentum. Smart View is a configurable, content-centric client that provides access to ECM applications. Documentum functionality is made available through application programming interfaces (API), including web services , WebDAV , FTP , Java , Documentum Foundation Classes, Documentum Query Language (DQL), Web Development Kit API (WDK), SMB/CIFS and CMIS . Most of

1344-446: Is useful through its ability to uniquely identify a tuple. Another common occurrence, especially in regard to N:M cardinality is the composite key . A composite key is a key made up of two or more attributes within a table that (together) uniquely identify a record. Foreign key refers to a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. It relates the two keys. Foreign keys need not have unique values in

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1408-574: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Documentum introduced its Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) in 1993, a client-server product for electronic document management . This product managed access to unstructured information stored within a shared repository, running on a central server. End users connected to the repository through PC, Macintosh , and Unix Motif desktop client applications. Documentum EDMS provided check-in and check-out access controls workflow capabilities for sequencing document review and approval processes. It included

1472-475: The enterprise content management software market by buying that division of Dell EMC , which included Documentum , for US$ 1.6 billion. OpenText had originally had Documentum and Hummingbird, Ltd. , as its chief competitors in this space, but this acquisition brought the long-time third competitor in Documentum under one corporate roof. Also in 2016, OpenText acquired Recommind after previously engaging with

1536-417: The normal forms . Connolly and Begg define database management system (DBMS) as a "software system that enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database". RDBMS is an extension of that initialism that is sometimes used when the underlying database is relational. An alternative definition for a relational database management system is a database management system (DBMS) based on

1600-569: The relational model . Most databases in widespread use today are based on this model. RDBMSs have been a common option for the storage of information in databases used for financial records, manufacturing and logistical information, personnel data, and other applications since the 1980s. Relational databases have often replaced legacy hierarchical databases and network databases , because RDBMS were easier to implement and administer. Nonetheless, relational stored data received continued, unsuccessful challenges by object database management systems in

1664-496: The 1980s and 1990s, (which were introduced in an attempt to address the so-called object–relational impedance mismatch between relational databases and object-oriented application programs), as well as by XML database management systems in the 1990s. However, due to the expanse of technologies, such as horizontal scaling of computer clusters , NoSQL databases have recently become popular as an alternative to RDBMS databases. Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA)

1728-623: The OpenText Content Suite. Then the technology component formerly known as Livelink ECM - Enterprise Server became known as OpenText Content Server , which is now a key component of OpenText Content Suite Platform. First released in May 2006, Livelink Enterprise Archive (LEA) became Archive Server in 2010. It is a key product in the Extended ECM scenario. With Version 16, the Archive Server

1792-577: The OpenText Web Solutions Group) made the Telerik RadEditor available alongside the existing RedDot editor for CMS 9. After the acquisition of Vignette, Web Solutions was rebranded again to become OpenText Web Site Management. Captiva Software became a subsidiary of OpenText in 2017. It makes software for document information processing and data capture from paper and electronic documents and provides related services. Information in

1856-445: The PK). Both PKs and AKs have the ability to uniquely identify a row within a table. Additional technology may be applied to ensure a unique ID across the world, a globally unique identifier , when there are broader system requirements. The primary keys within a database are used to define the relationships among the tables. When a PK migrates to another table, it becomes a foreign key (FK) in

1920-821: The President; however, the company eliminated the position in Q1 2017. OpenText is a supporter of the University of Waterloo Stratford Campus , contributing both funds and in-kind services to the school. In July 2020, OpenText has partnered with NINJIO. The collaboration strengthens Webroot Security Awareness Training with interactive, Hollywood-style videos showcasing viral material aimed at encouraging cyber-resilient activities such as phishing emails and inappropriate URLs detected. In 2003, OpenText acquired IXOS Software AG . In 2004, OpenText acquired Artesia . In 2006, OpenText acquired Hummingbird Ltd. for US$ 489 million. In 2008,

1984-1040: The acquisition of Bricata enabling next-generation Network Detection & Response (NDR) technology to the OpenText Security and Protection Cloud. In 2022, OpenText announced it would acquire British software firm Micro Focus in a deal valued at US$ 6   billion, which finalized in January 2023. OpenText's products include enterprise content management (OpenText Content Suite, OpenText Extended ECM, OpenText Documentum), Business Network, customer experience management (OpenText Customer Experience Platform), digital process automation (OpenText AppWorks), discovery (OpenText Axcelerate eDiscovery and Investigations), security (OpenText EnCase Forensic Security Suite, OpenText Carbonite and Webroot solutions, OpenText NetIQ, OpenText ArcSight, OpenText Voltage, OpenText Fortify), and AI and analytics (OpenText Magellan Product Suite). OpenText announced cloud-native containerized versions of many of

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2048-410: The acquisition of Captaris In 1996, the product originally called "Livelink" became OpenText's. Between 2003 and 2005, "Livelink" evolved from being the name of a single product to being a brand applied to the names of several OpenText software products. As a result of this change, "Livelink Server" became known as "Livelink Enterprise Server" (LES) and later "Livelink ECM. In 2012, OpenText introduced

2112-438: The basis of interaction among these tables. These relationships can be modelled as an entity-relationship model . In order for a database management system (DBMS) to operate efficiently and accurately, it must use ACID transactions . Part of the programming within a RDBMS is accomplished using stored procedures (SPs). Often procedures can be used to greatly reduce the amount of information transferred within and outside of

2176-402: The columns represent values attributed to that instance (such as address or price). For example, each row of a class table corresponds to a class, and a class corresponds to multiple students, so the relationship between the class table and the student table is "one to many" Each row in a table has its own unique key. Rows in a table can be linked to rows in other tables by adding a column for

2240-552: The company acquired Captaris, Inc. for US$ 131 million. In 2009, the company acquired Vignette Corporation for US$ 321 million in cash and stock. In 2012, the company acquired EasyLink for US$ 232 million. In 2014, OpenText acquired GXS Inc. and integrated it into their OpenText Business Network, which then acquired Inovis. In 2014 they also acquired Cordys for $ 33 million, and Actuate of San Mateo, California. In 2015, OpenText acquired Daegis for US$ 13.5 million. On September 12, 2016, OpenText further expanded its share of

2304-405: The company as COO in 1994. Tom Jenkins later became president and chief executive officer , and has been Executive Chairman since 2013. John Shackleton served as president from 1998 to 2011, and as CEO from 2005 to 2011. Mark Barrenechea has been president and CEO of OpenText since 2012. Mark Barrenechea was named Canadian Business CEO of the year in 2015. From January 2016, Steve Murphy served as

2368-765: The company as a strategic partner. In 2017, OpenText acquired Guidance Software for US$ 240 million, and Covisint for US$ 103 million, which they integrated into their OpenText Business Network. In 2018, OpenText acquired Liaison Technologies for US$ 310 million, which they integrated into their OpenText ALLOY Platform. In 2019, OpenText acquired Catalyst Repository Systems, and then acquired Carbonite Inc. (including Webroot and Mozy , which Carbonite Inc. had earlier acquired) for approximately US$ 1.45 billion. In 2020, OpenText acquired Xmedius for US$ 75 million. In 2021, OpenText announced planned acquisition of Zix Corp for US$ 860 million, and in November, OpenText completed

2432-572: The company raised its first round of venture funding from Brentwood , Merrill Picker Anderson, Sequoia Capital , Norwest Corporation , and Xerox Venture. Documentum was floated on NASDAQ on February 5, 1996, listing with the DCTM symbol. In 1998, Documentum launched its Web Application Environment, a set of Internet extensions for EDMS, offering Web access to the documents stored within an EDMS repository. In 2000, Documentum released Documentum 4i, its first Web-native platform. The company redesigned

2496-532: The company's software applications in April 2020. OpenText Documentum is an information management platform, named after the company Documentum that originally developed the software suite. In 2003, EMC acquired Documentum for $ 1.7 billion. In 2016, EMC was acquired by Dell, becoming Dell EMC. Subsequently, all of the Documentum intellectual property was sold to OpenText Corporation. Rebranded product resulting from

2560-617: The current understanding on the relational model, as expressed by Christopher J. Date , Hugh Darwen and others), it is not relational. This view, shared by many theorists and other strict adherents to Codd's principles, would disqualify most DBMSs as not relational. For clarification, they often refer to some RDBMSs as truly-relational database management systems (TRDBMS), naming others pseudo-relational database management systems (PRDBMS). As of 2009, most commercial relational DBMSs employ SQL as their query language . Alternative query languages have been proposed and implemented, notably

2624-550: The customization in the basic product is done using the DFC (Documentum Foundation Classes), a comprehensive but rather dated (as of 2015) collection of Java APIs. Customization can be done via configuration, particularly through the extension products D2 and xCP. These additions aim to provide faster ways of building applications based on document types and metadata, and business processes, respectively. Documentum provides management capabilities for all types of content. The core of Documentum

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2688-401: The database and support subsequent data use within the application layer. SQL implements constraint functionality in the form of check constraints . Constraints restrict the data that can be stored in relations . These are usually defined using expressions that result in a Boolean value, indicating whether or not the data satisfies the constraint. Constraints can apply to single attributes, to

2752-469: The database, as they are considered an implementation detail, though indices are usually maintained by the same group that maintains the other parts of the database. The use of efficient indexes on both primary and foreign keys can dramatically improve query performance. This is because B-tree indexes result in query times proportional to log(n) where n is the number of rows in a table and hash indexes result in constant time queries (no size dependency as long as

2816-517: The form of extracted content and files are acquired in the Captiva Solution and then delivered for storage or workflow into document management systems such as those from Documentum , OpenText, Microsoft , or IBM . In 2019, Captiva was rebranded as OpenText Intelligent Capture. AppEnhancer is a content management system that manages, organizes, and stores information from an application or as an extension to an existing application. The product

2880-414: The option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database. The concept of relational database was defined by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970. Codd introduced the term relational in his research paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". In this paper and later papers, he defined what he meant by relation . One well-known definition of what constitutes

2944-519: The original eight including relational comparison operators and extensions that offer support for nesting and hierarchical data, among others. Normalization was first proposed by Codd as an integral part of the relational model. It encompasses a set of procedures designed to eliminate non-simple domains (non-atomic values) and the redundancy (duplication) of data, which in turn prevents data manipulation anomalies and loss of data integrity. The most common forms of normalization applied to databases are called

3008-500: The other table. When each cell can contain only one value and the PK migrates into a regular entity table, this design pattern can represent either a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship. Most relational database designs resolve many-to-many relationships by creating an additional table that contains the PKs from both of the other entity tables – the relationship becomes an entity;

3072-446: The pre-1996 implementation of Ingres QUEL . A relational model organizes data into one or more tables (or "relations") of columns and rows , with a unique key identifying each row. Rows are also called records or tuples . Columns are also called attributes. Generally, each table/relation represents one "entity type" (such as customer or product). The rows represent instances of that type of entity (such as "Lee" or "chair") and

3136-458: The referencing relation. A foreign key can be used to cross-reference tables, and it effectively uses the values of attributes in the referenced relation to restrict the domain of one or more attributes in the referencing relation. The concept is described formally as: "For all tuples in the referencing relation projected over the referencing attributes, there must exist a tuple in the referenced relation projected over those same attributes such that

3200-400: The relational model were from: The most common definition of an RDBMS is a product that presents a view of data as a collection of rows and columns, even if it is not based strictly upon relational theory . By this definition, RDBMS products typically implement some but not all of Codd's 12 rules. A second school of thought argues that if a database does not implement all of Codd's rules (or

3264-594: The relevant part of the index fits into memory). Queries made against the relational database, and the derived relvars in the database are expressed in a relational calculus or a relational algebra . In his original relational algebra, Codd introduced eight relational operators in two groups of four operators each. The first four operators were based on the traditional mathematical set operations : The remaining operators proposed by Codd involve special operations specific to relational databases: Other operators have been introduced or proposed since Codd's introduction of

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3328-524: The repository to ensure that it could manage a huge number of discrete objects—ranging from self-contained documents to granular information snippets. Beyond just managing documents for print or electronic distribution, Documentum 4i could integrate with external Web applications and be used to distribute content to portals , web application servers , and websites . Several third-party applications such as LaseFiche, DocuWare , and DropBox are based on Documentum. In 2002, Documentum launched Documentum 5 as

3392-399: The resolution table is then named appropriately and the two FKs are combined to form a PK. The migration of PKs to other tables is the second major reason why system-assigned integers are used normally as PKs; there is usually neither efficiency nor clarity in migrating a bunch of other types of columns. Relationships are a logical connection between different tables (entities), established on

3456-435: The same attributes . A tuple usually represents an object and information about that object. Objects are typically physical objects or concepts. A relation is usually described as a table , which is organized into rows and columns . All the data referenced by an attribute are in the same domain and conform to the same constraints. The relational model specifies that the tuples of a relation have no specific order and that

3520-460: The standard declarative SQL syntax. Stored procedures are not part of the relational database model, but all commercial implementations include them. An index is one way of providing quicker access to data. Indices can be created on any combination of attributes on a relation . Queries that filter using those attributes can find matching tuples directly using the index (similar to Hash table lookup), without having to check each tuple in turn. This

3584-767: The tuple contains a candidate or primary key then obviously it is unique; however, a primary key need not be defined for a row or record to be a tuple. The definition of a tuple requires that it be unique, but does not require a primary key to be defined. Because a tuple is unique, its attributes by definition constitute a superkey . All data are stored and accessed via relations . Relations that store data are called "base relations", and in implementations are called "tables". Other relations do not store data, but are computed by applying relational operations to other relations. These relations are sometimes called "derived relations". In implementations these are called " views " or "queries". Derived relations are convenient in that they act as

3648-473: The tuples, in turn, impose no order on the attributes. Applications access data by specifying queries, which use operations such as select to identify tuples, project to identify attributes, and join to combine relations. Relations can be modified using the insert , delete , and update operators. New tuples can supply explicit values or be derived from a query. Similarly, queries identify tuples for updating or deleting. Tuples by definition are unique. If

3712-401: The unique key of the linked row (such columns are known as foreign keys ). Codd showed that data relationships of arbitrary complexity can be represented by a simple set of concepts. Part of this processing involves consistently being able to select or modify one and only one row in a table. Therefore, most physical implementations have a unique primary key (PK) for each row in a table. When

3776-689: The values in each of the referencing attributes match the corresponding values in the referenced attributes." A stored procedure is executable code that is associated with, and generally stored in, the database. Stored procedures usually collect and customize common operations, like inserting a tuple into a relation , gathering statistical information about usage patterns, or encapsulating complex business logic and calculations. Frequently they are used as an application programming interface (API) for security or simplicity. Implementations of stored procedures on SQL RDBMS's often allow developers to take advantage of procedural extensions (often vendor-specific) to

3840-433: Was acquired during OpenText's purchase of Dell EMC's ECD (Enterprise Content Division) in 2017. Relational database A relational database ( RDB ) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A database management system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system ( RDBMS ). Many relational database systems are equipped with

3904-568: Was designed by a workgroup within IBM in the period 1988 to 1994. DRDA enables network connected relational databases to cooperate to fulfill SQL requests. The messages, protocols, and structural components of DRDA are defined by the Distributed Data Management Architecture . According to DB-Engines , in January 2023 the most popular systems on the db-engines.com web site were: According to research company Gartner , in 2011,

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3968-548: Was one of the few WCM vendors that continued to develop their own content authoring interface. Most other WCM vendors had moved to open source alternatives, or had licensed an online rich-text editor from commercial vendors such as Ephox or Ektron. In response to customer attempts to work around the limitations of the RedDot editor by installing other editors RedDot developed an integration layer to support CKeditor and Ephox EditLive! as alternative editors. In 2009, RedDot (rebranded

4032-412: Was released in 1979 by Relational Software, now Oracle Corporation . Ingres and IBM BS12 followed. Other examples of an RDBMS include IBM Db2 , SAP Sybase ASE , and Informix . In 1984, the first RDBMS for Macintosh began being developed, code-named Silver Surfer, and was released in 1987 as 4th Dimension and known today as 4D. The first systems that were relatively faithful implementations of

4096-443: Was renamed to Archive Center. In July 2017, OpenText launched its artificial intelligence (AI) and analytics platform, OpenText Magellan, at the company's Enterprise World conference. The platform combines open source machine learning with advanced analysis and is able to merge, manage, and analyse both structure data and unstructured, textual content. It offers machine-assisted decision-making, automation, and business optimization in

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