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24-537: Dobrynskoye was a military air base in Vladimir Oblast , Russia . It is located near Dobrynskoye, 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) north-east of Vladimir . Dobrynskoye was an airfield of the Soviet Air Defence Forces housing fighter aircraft which appeared on aeronautical charts in the 1970s and 1980s. It housed the 145th (until 1964) and 157th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiments (until 1970). Then, later

48-500: A Weapons Storage and Security System (WSSS) vault, also known as Weapon Security and Survivability System (WS3), were constructed within the floor of the HAS, and enabled the safe and secure storage of tactical nuclear bombs for use on aircraft within the HAS. This facility enabled the functions of weapons dispersal together with the operational requirement of quick reaction alert (QRA), whereby armed aircraft were required to be available in

72-402: A few metres from the perimeter track, originally had no protection or defence (from incoming munitions, nor inclement weather for protection of ground-crew required to operate on the aircraft). With the ever-increasing accuracy of weapons targeting and delivery making individual aircraft dispersals viable targets, additional methods of protection were required; dispersed revetments were one of

96-460: A nation can move about at will", which allows greater flexibility in diplomacy as well as military affairs. Aircraft carriers may also used in disaster relief . Force dispersal Dispersal is a military practice of dispersing or spreading out potentially vulnerable military assets , such as soldiers , aircraft , ships, tanks , weapons , vehicles , and similar equipment of an army , navy , or air force . Its primary objective

120-449: A state of high preparedness, allowing the QRA aircraft to be launched or 'scrambled' within a very short timeframe. The WSSS / WS3 eliminated the need for transporting of live lethal weapons by road vehicles from their remote weapon storage area to the required bomber aircraft . [REDACTED] Media related to Dispersal (military) at Wikimedia Commons This military -related article

144-738: A tactic by militias to combat military intelligence instead of collateral damage. In this use, breaking up into covert cells is meant to make it harder to eliminate the whole organisation at once, and to reduce the damage when portions of it are discovered. In respect of military aviation , dispersal of aircraft, especially fighter and bomber aircraft , was historically a very common strategy of planning, construction and operation of military aerodromes and airbases . Original military aerodromes would store their aircraft (when not being operated) in one or more large co-located facilities such as aircraft hangars ; however, these were highly visible and therefore vulnerable easy prey for attacking forces;

168-481: Is a World War II -specific dual 'fighter pen' which could be used by a pair of Hawker Hurricane fighters, and along its south and south-eastern perimeter taxiways are a larger number of Cold War -era blast-wall protected dual dispersed revetments arranged in V formations, which afforded protection for jet fighters such as the contemporary Gloster Javelin . These structures at RAF Coltishall are now deemed significantly important structures of British military heritage,

192-465: Is an airfield that is used for the purpose of dispersing air units in the event of conflict, so to minimise the vulnerability of aircraft and its supporting units whilst on the ground. Dispersal airbases are not necessarily ordinarily operational in peace time, and may only be activated when needed. Airfields used as dispersal bases can either be auxiliary military airfields, civilian airports, or highway strips . Examples of uses of dispersal bases are

216-472: Is now believed to be inactive and abandoned. This Russian military article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Air base An airbase typically has some facilities similar to a civilian airport ; for example, air traffic control and firefighting . Some military aerodromes have passenger facilities; for example, RAF Brize Norton in England has a terminal used by passengers for

240-509: Is to minimise any potential effects of collateral damage , from incoming munitions such as artillery , bombs and missiles . Dispersal increases the number of artillery rounds needed to neutralise or destroy a military unit in proportion to the dispersal of the said unit. If a division doubles the area it takes up, it will double the number of artillery rounds needed to do the same damage to it. As more targets are spread out or dispersed, more artillery and / or bombs are required to hit all

264-478: The Czech Republic . In the case of Finnish road airbases, the space needed for landing aircraft is reduced by means of an arrestor wire , similar to that used on some aircraft carriers ( Finnish Air Force uses F/A-18s , which were originally designed to land on aircraft carriers). An aircraft carrier is a type of naval ship which serves as a seaborne airbase, the development of which has greatly enhanced

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288-488: The Royal Air Force 's passenger transport flights. A number of military airbases may also have a civil enclave for commercial passenger flights, e.g. Beijing Nanyuan Airport (China), Chandigarh Airport (India), Ibaraki Airport (Japan), Burlington International Airport (USA), Sheikh Ul-Alam International Airport Srinagar (India), Taipei Songshan Airport (Taiwan), Eindhoven airport (The Netherlands). Likewise,

312-572: The Swedish Bas 60 and Bas 90 systems, the British V-Bomber dispersal bases , and NATO's Dispersed Operating Bases in France . Road airbases are highways constructed to double as auxiliary airbases in the event of war. Countries known to utilise this strategy are India , Sweden , Finland , Germany (formerly), Singapore , Switzerland , South Korea , Turkey , Poland , Pakistan , and

336-478: The 'bomb dump' in British military parlance, would typically be located in a remote area (often as far as physically possible) away from all other buildings and structures of an airbase, and consisted of a number of small protective bunkers, contained by security fences and access-limited gates. In a further development, hardened aircraft shelters (HAS) were also able to facilitate dispersal for aircraft munitions, when

360-483: The 'cook house'), accommodation (single living accommodation for junior ranks , Sergeants' and Officers' Mess for senior non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers), recreational facilities (club house for socialising), shopping facilities ( NAAFI shops, base exchange, commissary), and sports facilities (gymnasium, swimming pool, sports pitches). An airbase may be defended by anti-aircraft weapons and force protection troops. A dispersal (or dispersed) airbase

384-469: The 288th independent Helicopter Regiment of the Moscow Military District was at the base December 1976 - April 1978, and then the 361st Independent Helicopter Regiment from 1984 to 2007. In 1989 the regiment came under the control of the 344th Centre for Combat Employment and Retraining at Torzhok . In 2002 it was reduced to a squadron. By the 1990s the airfield disappeared from the charts, and

408-451: The WWII fighter pen and eight of the dual Cold War blast revetments have been granted scheduled monument protection by English Heritage (now known as Historic England ). The United States military utilised semi-circular covered shelters, albeit with an open front, with the distinctive appearance or style of half an igloo . Notable examples of these individual aircraft shelters are found at

432-609: The capabilities of modern air forces and naval aviation . In many countries, they are now a key part of the military, allowing for their military aircraft to be staged much nearer the area of conflict. Aircraft carriers were vital to the United States during World War II , Korea and the Vietnam War , and to the United Kingdom in the 1982 Falklands War . They retain modern roles as well as "several acres of sovereign territory

456-525: The first solutions for protection, and often consisted of raised earth banks (typically on three 'sides' of a C- or E-shaped structure to partially encircle an individual dispersal). More significant protection evolved with the construction of taller reinforced concrete blast walls for each dispersal. A notable example of surviving instances of both methods are found at the now former RAF Coltishall in Norfolk, England; on its north-western perimeter taxiway

480-631: The former Marine Corps Air Station Ewa in Hawaii; they were constructed after many parked aircraft were destroyed during the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor . Further evolution of protection for dispersed aircraft resulted in the hardened aircraft shelter (HAS); effectively, a reinforced 'mini hangar' constructed of high-grade reinforced concrete with heavy-grade steel doors. A hardened aircraft shelter can typically accommodate two fighter aircraft, along with all required ground support equipment needed to facilitate

504-446: The individual targets. It can also be used on a squad level, notably in counter-insurgency , to minimise the effects of grenades , land mines , improvised explosive devices (IEDs), explosive booby traps , and to a lesser extent, automatic gunfire. When individual soldiers are spaced apart, it is much more difficult for a single grenade to incapacitate them all. Force dispersal may also be used in urban guerrilla warfare and as

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528-1199: The opposite also occurs; large civilian airports may contain a smaller military airbase within their environs, such as Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba (located within Brunei International Airport ). Some airbases have dispersed aircraft parking, revetments , hardened aircraft shelters , or even underground hangars , to protect aircraft from enemy attack. Combat aircraft require secure protected storage of aircraft ordnance and munitions. Other facilities may also include technical buildings for servicing and support of survival equipment (including flying helmets and personal liquid oxygen), flight simulator for synthetic training, servicing facilities for all aircraft systems (airframes, propulsion, avionics, weapons systems) and associated ground support systems (including mechanical transport). All military airbases will have buildings for military administration (station headquarters, squadron briefing and operations), and larger bases will also include medical and dental facilities for military personnel (and sometimes their dependents), along with dining ( mess , informally known as

552-623: The preparation for flight of said aircraft. Most hardened aircraft shelters (especially those constructed to NATO standards) are able to be hermetically sealed, thereby offering protection against ingress of any chemical and / or biological weapon . Other notable examples of airbase dispersal include the Swedish Air Force 's Bas 60 and later Bas 90 system. The storage of aircraft weapons on an airbase requires their dispersal away from workplace and accommodation locations of base personnel. The weapon storage area (WSA), also known as

576-557: The successful bombing of an aircraft hangar could result in the destruction (or significant incapacitation) of the entire squadron (or more) of aircraft contained therein. The answer was to disperse individual aircraft around the aerodrome, and originally consisted of a number of individual parking spaces or hardstandings at various interval distances, typically around the perimeter track of class A airfields . These dispersed locations, originally being little more than an exposed circular (or similar-shaped) compacted earth or concrete pad

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