45-415: Disrupt was an American crust punk band from Lynn, Massachusetts , that was active from 1987 to 1993. The band's initial lineup was Jay Stiles and Pete Kamarinos (vocals), Chris Drake (guitar), Harry Haralabatos (drums), Tony Leone (bass). After recording one rehearsal demo, Leone and Haralabatos left the band. Brad Jones (drums) and Mike Williams (guitar) joined in the spring of 1988. However, Jones left
90-458: A "summer ritual" for many European crust fans. Crust punk groups, such as Antisect , Sacrilege and Anti System took some influence from early black metal bands like Venom , Hellhammer , and Celtic Frost , while Amebix 's lead vocalist and guitarist sent his band's early demo tape to Cronos of Venom, who replied by saying "We'll rip you off". Similarly, Bathory was initially inspired by crust punk as well as heavy metal. Crust punk
135-529: A 5-song demo, which was later re-released as a 7" self-titled EP in 1990. That year, Scott Lucid left the band, and they acquired Bob Palombo to replace him. With Chris Drake rejoining the band, and Terry Savastano from the band Spasm contributing guitar duties, the band recorded an 8-song album entitled Refuse Planet , which was released as a 7" single by Relapse Records in 1991. Disrupt recorded another split 7" with Destroy in January of that year. Drake left
180-501: A DVD. This was a limited to 1000 copies. The seven unreleased songs that were left over from the Lanes session were released on a 12-inch on Unrest records out of Canada. The band acquired a cult following on the strength of several underground 7-inch EPs and compilation appearances. Their lyrics were politically anarchist , expressing animal rights and anti-capitalist views. Members of the band have gone on to play in many other bands since
225-1025: A crawling, sludgy pace. The overall musical sound has been described as being "stripped down". Drumming is typically done at high speed, with D-beats sometimes being used. In Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics , author Gabriel Kuhn referred to the genre as a "blend of 1977 British punk, roots culture and black metal ", with the genre often taking influence from death metal , grindcore and powerviolence . Vocals in crust punk are often shrieked or shouted, and may be shared between two or more vocalists. The lyrical content of crust punk tends to be bleak and nihilistic, yet politically engaged. Crust punk songs are often about nuclear war , militarism , animal rights , police, personal grievances, oppressive states and fascism . Amebix were also interested in various forms of mysticism and Gnosticism . Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty, guitarist and vocalist of Hellbastard, describes
270-524: A key influence on black metal . In June 1984, Hellhammer disbanded but two of its members soon formed the influential extreme metal band Celtic Frost . Inspired by the music of Black Sabbath , Venom , Raven , Motörhead and Angel Witch , guitarist/vocalist Thomas Gabriel Fischer (a.k.a. "Tom Warrior"), bassist/vocalist Urs Sprenger (a.k.a. "Savage Damage" and "Steve Warrior") and drummer Pete Stratton formed Hammerhead (later Hellhammer) in early 1982. Although Fischer "was not into punk at all," he
315-613: A live 7" entitled Smash Divisions , taken from a concert in New Haven, Connecticut the year prior. In November 1992, they entered One World Studios in Massachusetts, with producer Bill T. Miller and recorded 30 songs for the Unrest album. They also re-recorded 10 older tracks, which was then released as a 7" single entitled Deprived . Disrupt toured Europe in October/November 1993. After
360-474: A strong D-beat scene. Many of these groups developed in parallel with the much more commercial Scandinavian death metal scene. Some notable crust bands in the 2000s include Iskra, Behind Enemy Lines , and Tragedy . The Spanish city A Coruña has a crust scene which includes bands as Black Panda, Ekkaia and Madame Germen. In 2017, Bandcamp Daily wrote that Fluff Fest , held in Czechia since 2000, has become
405-449: Is a punk rock fusion-genre, which combines elements of crust punk and ska punk . Lyrics often focus on themes such as drug-use, religion, politics and social issues. Other genres sometimes incorporated in conjunction with the style include hardcore punk and heavy metal . Notable bands within the genre include Choking Victim , Leftöver Crack , Morning Glory and Star Fucking Hipsters . Crustcore (also known as crusty hardcore),
450-467: Is a sub-genre of crust punk that takes influence from hardcore punk and sometimes thrashcore . Felix Havoc described Extreme Noise Terror 's segment of the "Earslaughter" split album with Chaos UK as the first album in the genre. Crustcore bands include Extreme Noise Terror, Doom , Disrupt , Wolfbrigade , Neurosis , Baptists , Discharge and Filth . Crust punk had a major impact on grindcore 's emergence. The first grindcore, practised by
495-535: Is neither distinctively rooted in punk or metal, instead frequently shifting between the two, disregarding genre boundaries. It is often dark and heavy however also melodic. Notable bands include His Hero is Gone , Tragedy , Fall of Efrafa and From Ashes Rise . Crasher Crust is a movement that came out in specifically Japan. It blends d-beat, crust and a huge empasis on noise elements. Often utilising both fuzz and distorted guitars, reliance on crash cymbals for drumming and raw recording. Acid are considered one of
SECTION 10
#1732852274467540-445: Is the crustiest film ever made!" Members of the sub-culture are generally outspokenly political, possessing anarchist and anti-consumerist views. Hellhammer Hellhammer was a Swiss extreme metal band from Nürensdorf , active from 1982 to 1984. Although the band's sound and style were heavily criticized and poorly reviewed during their active years, they have been widely praised in retrospect and are often regarded as
585-596: Is the latest fashion. In fact, the latest album by crust punk band Skitsystem sounds very black metal--while the latest black metal opus by Darkthrone sounds very punk! This would have been unimaginable in the early 90s. Red and anarchist black metal (also known as RABM or anarchist black metal) is a subgenre that melds black metal with anarchist crust punk, promoting ideologies such as anarchism , environmentalism , or Marxism . Artists labelled RABM include Iskra, Panopticon , Skagos, Storm of Sedition, Not A Cost, Black Kronstadt, and Vidargangr. Crack rock steady
630-627: Is widely regarded as the first time the word 'crust' was used in the punk context, and hence the specific starting point of the whole crust punk genre, although some would attribute that accolade to the likes of Disorder , Chaos UK , and Amebix several years earlier. In the same book, he quoted the group's vocalist and guitarist Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty "A lot of people say we started the crust punk genre, but whatever. If they wanna say that, I don't mind, but I'm certainly no Malcolm McLaren , saying I invented something I didn't." However, in Sober Living for
675-522: The anarcho-punk of Crass and Discharge and the heavy metal of bands like Venom , Trouble , Hellhammer , Celtic Frost , Black Sabbath and Motörhead . While the term was first associated with Hellbastard , Amebix have been described as the originators of the style, along with Discharge and Antisect . Crust punk is a derivative form of anarcho-punk , mixed with metal riffs . The tempos are often fast, but just short of thrashcore or grindcore . However, many groups confine themselves to
720-459: The British bands such as Napalm Death and Extreme Noise Terror emerged from the crust punk scene. This early style is sometimes dubbed "crustgrind". Neo crust is a genre that merges crust punk with elements of various extreme music styles including black metal , screamo , post-rock , hardcore punk , death metal and doom metal . Unlike most other punk–metal fusion genres, neo-crust's sound
765-485: The Finnish Rattus were also early influences. Amebix also brought in influences from various post-punk bands, including Public Image Ltd. , Bauhaus , Joy Division , and especially Killing Joke . Crust was founded by the bands Amebix and Antisect . The term "crust" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 Ripper Crust demo. In his book Trapped in a Scene , punk historian Ian Glasper said " Rippercrust
810-505: The Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics , author Gabriel Kuhn Punk stated that the name of the genre came from the "crusty" appearance of the genre's practitioning bands. journalist Felix von Havoc contends that Doom , Excrement of War, Electro Hippies and Extreme Noise Terror were among the first bands to have the traditional UK "crust" sound. Additional subgenres of this style began to develop. Deviated Instinct , from Norwich, created "stenchcore", bringing "both
855-481: The Way have been playing blackened crust since their formation in 2009. In addition, Norwegian band Darkthrone have incorporated crust punk traits in their mid-to-late 2000s material. As Daniel Ekeroth wrote in 2008, In a very ironic paradox, black metal and crust punk have recently started to embrace one another. Members of Darkthrone and Satyricon have lately claimed that they love punk, while among crusties, black metal
900-515: The band a couple of months later, and Williams started playing drums. With this lineup, and with Stiles also playing bass, they recorded a demo, entitled Millions Die For Moneymaking , in November 1988. In the spring of 1989, Williams and Drake left the band. Haralabatos rejoined the band, in order to record songs that were supposed to be on a split 7-inch with Extreme Noise Terror . They also recruited Scott Lucid to play bass. In October, they recorded
945-402: The band again in 1991, and was replaced by Jeff Hayward (Unleashed Anger) on second guitar. About a week after Jeff joined the band, Haralabatos also quit, and Randy Odierno (of Temporary Insanity) replaced him. With this lineup, the band entered the studio in 1992, and recorded songs for split releases with Disdain, Resist, Tuomiopaivan Lapset, and Taste of Fear. In addition, they also released
SECTION 20
#1732852274467990-459: The band contemplated releasing material they recorded at the time of the Triumph of Death demo sessions which would contain two songs. Unfortunately, the single languished into an unrealized state until the band's split, rendering any plans for future releases redundant. Fischer went on to say that it never left his mind since then and presented the idea of releasing the single to Century Media, in which
1035-592: The big one." Other metal publications were also skeptical of Hellhammer's musical endeavor. Metal Forces , for one, absolutely loathed the group; that started a long-lasting feud between that zine and Warrior, which kept Celtic Frost from playing in England for a couple of years. Rock Power was not fond of Hellhammer either; they considered it "the most terrible, abhorrent, and atrocious thing 'musicians' were ever allowed to record". In fact, they were "receiving miserable reviews everywhere", Warrior concluded. Regarding
1080-509: The case of Man Is the Bastard and Dropdead . Crust was also prominent in the American South , where Prank Records and CrimethInc. acted as focal points of the scene. The most well-known representative of Southern crust was His Hero Is Gone . Prominent crust punk groups ( Driller Killer , Totalitär, Skitsystem , Wolfbrigade , and Disfear ) also emerged from Sweden, which had always had
1125-478: The complete history of Hellhammer, unreleased photos and artwork, and all tracks remastered personally by Tom Gabriel Fischer, Martin Eric Ain and Steve Warrior. The album was released by Prowlin' Death/ Century Media Records . In 2016, both Century Media and Prowling Death Records joint released an unreleased 7" vinyl single the band originally recorded in 1983 titled Blood Insanity . Tom Gabriel Fischer explained that
1170-630: The confines of the purposely primitive Hellhammer vehicle. Hellhammer disbanded in May 1984, and Fischer and Ain formed a new band under the name of Celtic Frost in June. Although its former members felt proud of Hellhammer's legacy by the end of the 1980s, that was not always so. In fact, Tom Warrior feared that his prior commitment to Hellhammer could hinder the future of Celtic Frost. A 1985 Kerrang! review summed up his worst fears: "The truly execrable Hellhammer may now have turned into Celtic Frost but still suck on
1215-462: The controversial status of his former band, Thomas said: Way back in 1984 and 85, when Martin Eric Ain and I recorded Celtic Frost's first two albums Morbid Tales and To Mega Therion , Hellhammer lasted on us almost like a curse. Even though Hellhammer was the very reason we had thought over our goals and conceived the Frost, HH's left-overs kept being mighty rocks in our way. Many voices saw Frost as
1260-511: The dissolution of Disrupt, including Consume, Deathraid, Grief , State of Fear, Chicken Chest and the Bird Boys and also pure noise bands such as Goff, Demonic Death Preachers, and Effects of Alcohol. Crust punk Crust punk (also known as stenchcore or simply crust ) is a subgenre of punk rock influenced by the English punk scene as well as extreme metal . The style, which evolved in
1305-470: The distinction between metal and crust punk lyrics "Metal lyrics were so dumb, so far removed from daily life. Venom were going on about Satan... and bikes... and Satan... and women... and Satan! You know what? I never got up in the morning and said, 'Fuck yeah! Satan! Let's go and meet my disciples from Hell!' I'd switch on the TV and know I was going to see hundreds of people dying because there'd been an earthquake in
1350-426: The early 1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills. The term "crust" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 Ripper Crust demo. Crust is partly defined by its " bassy " and " dirty " sound. It is often played at a fast tempo with occasional slow sections. Vocals are usually raspy screams, but can also be grunted/growled. Crust punk takes cues from
1395-602: The group, declared that he had no interest in being remembered as a pioneer of this style: "'grindcore' was a legendarily stupid term coined by a hyperactive kid from the West Midlands, and it had nothing to do with us whatsoever. ENT were, are, and — I suspect — always will be a hardcore punk band... not a grindcore band, a stenchcore band, a trampcore band, or any other sub-sub-sub-core genre-defining term you can come up with." American crust punk began in New York City, also in
Disrupt - Misplaced Pages Continue
1440-428: The look and sound — dirty and metallic, respectively — to their natural conclusion". Initially an anarcho-punk group, they began to take increasing influence from metal. As vocalist Julian "Leggo" Kilsby comments "We were very much a part of the anarcho scene, to start with, very politically motivated... all the way through the band's existence, really, although it got less obvious as time went by. But I never really liked
1485-578: The mid-1980s, with the work of Nausea . The group emerged from the Lower East Side squat scene and New York hardcore , living with Roger Miret of Agnostic Front . The early work of Neurosis , from San Francisco, also borrowed from Amebix, and inaugurated crust punk on the West Coast. Disrupt (Boston), Antischism (South Carolina), MISERY and Destroy (Minneapolis) were also significant U.S. crust groups. An important American crust punk band
1530-618: The pioneers of Crasher Crust Some bands include Gloom, Zyanose, Lebedden Totten, Enzyme and Zodiak. Crust punks are associated with a DIY -oriented branch of punk garb. Similar to anarcho-punk, most clothing is black in colour. Denim jackets and hooded sweatshirts with sewn-on patches, or vests covered in studs, spikes and band patches are characteristic elements of the crust punk style of dress or pants covered in band patches. Crust punks also sometimes wear dreadlocks and piercings. Julian "Leggo" Kilsby of Deviated Instinct describes crust as "a punk-y biker look, more akin to Mad Max. Mad Max 2
1575-448: The ranks in autumn 1982, Hellhammer attempted to find proper rehearsal spaces, which proved difficult due to either exceedingly high rents or unavailable studio hours. In June 1983, the group recorded their demo tape , Triumph of Death , for a mere $ 70. Despite being embarrassed by the end results, Hellhammer shipped their demo to a number of heavy metal magazines, such as Great Britain's Metal Forces ; critical response toward them
1620-798: The record company agreed. A four-track 12" EP , Apocalyptic Raids , was released in March 1984. At the time, it was regarded as one of the heaviest and most extreme records produced. By then, the band had already broken up, but the recording was one of the original black/death metal recordings, and spawned a legion of imitators, playing doom metal , thrash metal , black metal and death metal . Both Fischer and Ain later teamed up again when forming Celtic Frost in summer of 1984. Hellhammer covers by notable bands include Napalm Death , Sepultura , Samael , Incantation , Slaughter , Behemoth , and Gallhammer . Fischer's post-Celtic Frost band, Apollyon Sun , also re-worked "Messiah". Tom Fischer released
1665-530: The same band with just a name-change. The lack of musical quality in HH made it almost impossible for us to get an unbiased reaction for Frost. To make a long story short, it almost killed all our work and dreams. At the dawn of the next decade Noise Records released a new version of Hellhammer's debut, retitled Apocalyptic Raids 1990 A.D. This re-issue was augmented by two tracks off the Death Metal compilation, which
1710-406: The straightforward 'War is bad...' lyrics that were so prevalent at the time, so as my writing skills improved I wanted to add more depth to our lyrics and make them more metaphorical; I'd always been into horror films, so that started to manifest itself in the imagery I was using." Extreme Noise Terror is credited with developing this style into grindcore . However, Pete Hurley, the guitarist for
1755-473: The third world... and all these people starving to death while military expenditure still increased... That was — and still is — the reality of it. The whole heavy metal thing is just an escape from reality, into this other world of... well, bullshit basically." The initial inspiration for the crust punk scene came from the anarcho-punk of Crass and D-beat of Discharge . Swedish D-beat groups such as Crude SS , Skitslickers/ Anti Cimex and Mob 47 and
1800-502: The tour, they broke up due to personal and musical differences. The Unrest album was released on Relapse in August 1994. In 2007, Relapse released a seventy-eight song discography 2-CD set containing all of the 7-inches, split LP + rare rehearsals, Millions die for Moneymaking demo and live tracks in 2007. Also released was a box set which included the Unrest CD, discography 2-CD set, and
1845-560: Was Aus Rotten from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Crust punk also flourished in Minneapolis, shepherded by the Profane Existence label. In this period, the ethos of crust punk became particularly codified, with vegetarianism , feminism , and sometimes straight edge being prescribed by many of the figures in the scene. The powerviolence scene associated with Slap-a-Ham Records was in close proximity to crust punk, particularly in
Disrupt - Misplaced Pages Continue
1890-506: Was "blown away" by the Discharge records Why and Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing , which profoundly influenced his music from then on. As he noted, a lack of extreme metal at the time meant that fans of Venom and Motörhead often had to resort to punk bands for similar sounds. GBH and Anti-Nowhere League also proved influential. After the exit of Stratton and drummer Jörg Neubart (aka "Denial Fiend" and "Bruce Day") joining in
1935-517: Was "something we always wanted to, even back in '84", claimed Tom Warrior. This re-release also came with a new cover design done by Martin Ain. In November 2007, Tom Gabriel Fischer announced that the original master tapes of Hellhammer's demos ( Death Fiend , Triumph of Death , and Satanic Rites ) would be released as a 2CD/3LP package, titled Demon Entrails , in February 2008 with new liner notes on
1980-656: Was affected by a second wave of black metal in the 1990s, with some bands emphasising these black metal elements. Iskra are probably the most obvious example of second wave black metal -influenced crust punk; Iskra coined their own phrase "blackened crust" to describe their new style. The Japanese group Gallhammer also fused crust punk with black metal while the English band Fukpig has been said to have elements of crust punk, black metal, and grindcore. Germany's Downfall of Gaia has been described as mixing crustgrind and black metal, along with elements of sludge metal , doom metal and post-metal . North Carolina's Young and in
2025-448: Was generally favorable. Although rejected by the labels they sent tapes to, the band eventually caught the attention of newcomer Noise Records . Steve Warrior had been replaced by former Schizo bassist Martin Eric Ain , a change which marked the beginning of a serious and radical transformation in the band's music and lyrics. These changes were ultimately responsible for Fischer's and Ain's increasing perception of being limited within
#466533