A dispatcher is a communications worker who receives and transmits information to coordinate operations of other personnel and vehicles carrying out a service. Emergency organizations including police departments , fire departments , and emergency medical services departments as well as civilian organizations such as motorcycle couriers , taxicab providers, trucking companies , railroads , bus systems, and public utility companies, use dispatchers to relay information, direct personnel, and coordinate their operations.
32-398: An emergency dispatcher, also known as public safety dispatcher, 9-1-1 dispatcher, or public safety telecommunicator receives calls from individuals who require emergency services , including police services , firefighting , and emergency medical services . Once information is obtained from the caller, the dispatcher activates the appropriate services necessary to respond to the nature of
64-405: A 3D environment ( Google Earth ) to unlock the ability to observe the operations on a mass scale. A common measurement in benchmarking the efficacy of emergency services is response time, the amount of time that it takes for emergency responders to arrive at the scene of an incident after the emergency response system was activated. Due to the nature of emergencies, fast response times are often
96-421: A 6-feet-tall humanoid, robots, drones, and autonomous aircraft and ground vehicles. The command and control center optimizes the available resources to serve every incoming requests and generates an action plan for the mission. The Wi-Fi network is created on the fly by the drones equipped with antennas. In addition, the autonomous rotorcrafts, planes, and ground vehicles are simulated with Simulink and visualized in
128-566: A crucial component of the emergency service system. Injury Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans , in other animals , or in plants . Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects , by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins . Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing . In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude
160-559: A number of other reasons, including professional versus voluntary crew members, or simply based on area or division. To aid effective communications, different services may share common practices and protocol for certain large-scale emergencies. In the UK, commonly used shared protocols include CHALET and ETHANE while in the US, the Department of Homeland Security has called for nationwide implementation of
192-505: A primary emergency service, in which case they typically use the emergency lighting configuration used by their respective emergency service. Effective emergency service management requires agencies from many different services to work closely together and to have open lines of communication. Most services do, or should, have procedures and liaisons in place to ensure this, although absence of these can be severely detrimental to good working. There can sometimes be tension between services for
224-427: A result of sitting for long periods and using such equipment, dispatchers can develop eye strain and back problems. Many dispatchers must also work irregular hours to provide 24-hour service, which includes night, weekend, and holiday hours. Public safety dispatchers are usually the first point of contact between emergency services and the public. When receiving incoming calls for help, these dispatchers must ascertain
256-468: Is also employed by the railroad to keep track of train crews and their assignments. The crew dispatcher is responsible for assigning train crew to trains based upon scheduled rosters, and also making real-time adjustments as necessary based on rail traffic conditions and delays. The crew dispatcher is normally assisted by a crew caller whose responsibility is to telephone the train and engine crews to advise them of time to report for duty. The crew dispatcher
288-641: Is also required or appropriated to public safety dispatchers. As public safety dispatchers are the first contact made between the public and emergency services, public safety dispatchers need to be able to extract a vast array of information out of the caller. Such specialized training for 911 dispatchers can include: suicide intervention, hostage negotiation, bomb threats, tactical dispatching (for SWAT teams), domestic violence and domestic and foreign terrorism countermeasures. Many are also trained as emergency medical dispatchers , able to give first aid instructions to victims or families prior to EMS arrival. According to
320-445: Is also responsible for checking that each train and engine crew are properly qualified for their assignments and have had proper rest according to labour regulations. A flight dispatcher assists in planning flight paths , taking into account wind speed, storms, aircraft performance and loading, and other conditions. Some dispatchers provide a flight following service and advise pilots if conditions or paths change. They usually work in
352-425: Is dedicated to the treatment of injuries. The World Health Organization has developed a classification of injuries in humans by categories including mechanism, objects/substances producing injury, place of occurrence, activity when injured and the role of human intent. In addition to physical harm, injuries can cause psychological harm, including post-traumatic stress disorder . In plants, injuries result from
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#1732859427651384-476: Is sometimes defined as mechanical damage to anatomical structure, but it has a wider connotation of physical damage with any cause, including drowning , burns , and poisoning . Such damage may result from attempted predation , territorial fights, falls, and abiotic factors. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in animals of many different phyla ; this prompts coagulation of the blood or body fluid, followed by wound healing , which may be rapid, as in
416-722: Is typically the most extensive in comparison to other dispatch positions. A standard certification requirement for public safety dispatchers is Terminal Operator certification for access to the US Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database system. Access to this database system often allows additional access to the state-level system comparable to NCIC which allows public safety dispatchers to access motor vehicle registration and drivers license information as well as wants or warrants by various law enforcement agencies both statewide and national. In addition to certifications, specialized training
448-788: The National Incident Management System (NIMS), of which the Incident Command System (ICS) is a part. Smart Emergency Response System (SERS) prototype was built in the SmartAmerica Challenge 2013–2014, a United States government initiative. SERS was created by a team of nine organizations. The project was featured at the White House in June 2014 and called an exemplary achievement by Todd Park (U.S. Chief Technology Officer). The SmartAmerica initiative challenges
480-683: The United Kingdom , 112 in continental Europe , 000 in Australia ). In some countries, each emergency service has its own emergency number (e.g. 110 for police, 118 for coast guard, 119 for fire and medical in Japan ; 110 for police, 119 for fire, 120 for medical in China ). Calls made to emergency services to report emergencies are called calls for service . The availability of emergency services depends very heavily on location, and may in some cases also rely on
512-497: The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics , 266,000 people were employed as dispatchers in 2004. In addition, it is expected that a number of current dispatchers will either transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force, which will result in an increase of openings. The primary tool of the dispatcher is the dispatch console. A dispatch console is a system that interfaces to a private or public radio system, allowing
544-489: The cnidaria . Arthropods are able to repair injuries to the cuticle that forms their exoskeleton to some extent. Animals in several phyla, including annelids , arthropods, cnidaria, molluscs , nematodes , and vertebrates are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to fight off infection following an injury. Injury in humans has been studied extensively for its importance in medicine . Much of medical practice, including emergency medicine and pain management ,
576-596: The delivery of materials: In the United States, about 26% of all dispatchers employed in 2004 worked for transportation and warehousing industries. A train dispatcher is employed by a railroad to direct and facilitate the movement of trains over an assigned territory, which is usually part, or all, of a railroad operating division. The dispatcher is also responsible for cost effective movement of trains and other on-track railroad equipment to optimize physical (trains) and human resource (crews) assets. A crew dispatcher
608-673: The call for help. The dispatcher also obtains and relays pertinent information to the field units to help ensure the adequacy and safety of the response. Emergency dispatchers may use preapproved protocols to talk a caller or bystander through lifesaving medical procedures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation , childbirth , and first aid . They may require certification. In the United States , about 10% of all dispatchers employed in 2004 were public safety dispatchers. A number of other organizations use dispatchers to respond to service calls, coordinate transportation schedules, and to organize
640-553: The daily activities of their personnel. Public safety dispatchers usually work in a police station, a fire station, or a hospital. Other dispatchers work in centralized communication centers associated with their specific company or service. Dispatchers of all kinds work with multiple communications systems depending on their function. These systems can include but not limited to telephones , radios , computers and computer-aided dispatch programs, video surveillance cameras, and ground-to-aircraft messaging systems such as ACARS . As
672-423: The damaged area, by producing antimicrobial chemicals, and in woody plants by regrowing over wounds. Cell injury is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible. Depending on
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#1732859427651704-661: The dispatcher to communicate directly with all field workers, police officers, EMS personnel, and others in order to coordinate their activities. Dispatchers use various hardware and software to create dispatch. Emergency service Emergency services and rescue services are organizations that ensure public safety , security , and health by addressing and resolving different emergencies . Some of these agencies exist solely for addressing certain types of emergencies, while others deal with ad hoc emergencies as part of their normal responsibilities. Many of these agencies engage in community awareness and prevention programs to help
736-428: The eating of plant parts by herbivorous animals including insects and mammals , from damage to tissues by plant pathogens such as bacteria and fungi , which may gain entry after herbivore damage or in other ways, and from abiotic factors such as heat, freezing, flooding, lightning, and pollutants such as ozone. Plants respond to injury by signalling that damage has occurred, by secreting materials to seal off
768-612: The field hold liberal arts degrees. Employers prefer candidates with computer and clerical skills, communication skills, and the ability to work fast under pressure. Candidates for employment as public safety dispatchers may be required to pass written, oral, or performance tests and are governed by state or local regulations. Public safety dispatchers may also have to obtain certifications and attend additional training before or after they are employed by state or local governments to dispatch for police, fire, or emergency medical services. The level of training required for these dispatchers
800-633: The nature, location, and extent of the emergency. Callers requesting emergency assistance are often in a state of heightened emotional distress, which can make it difficult to obtain the information needed to handle the call appropriately. The working conditions of a public safety dispatcher may be particularly stressful compared to others because handling a call incorrectly may delay or misdirect emergency personnel, which could result in serious injury or even death . Human error can also produce deadly results for other types of dispatchers. A train dispatcher in Spain
832-401: The operations or control center of the airline. Dispatchers are responsible for monitoring all of the communications within a specific geographic area. Public safety dispatchers are responsible for all emergency communications that occur within the jurisdiction of their department. These workers receive and document incoming calls, transmit messages to appropriate personnel, and keep logs of
864-446: The participants to build cyber-physical systems as a glimpse of the future to save lives, create jobs, foster businesses, and improve the economy. SERS primarily saves lives. The system provides the survivors and the emergency personnel with information to locate and assist each other during a disaster. SERS allows organization to submit help requests to a MATLAB-based mission center connecting first responders, apps, search-and-rescue dogs,
896-465: The public avoid, detect, and report emergencies effectively. Emergency services are often considered first responders , and typically have dedicated emergency vehicles . Emergency services have one or more dedicated emergency telephone numbers reserved for critical emergency calls. In many countries, one number is used for all of the emergency services (e.g. 911 in many parts of the Americas , 999 in
928-422: The recipient giving payment or holding suitable insurance or other surety for receiving the service. Primary emergency services are emergency services that provide basic emergency assistance and care. They can be summoned directly by the public. There are three primary emergency services and they are listed in the following order. Specialized emergency services are emergency services that are not considered one of
960-800: The three primary emergency services. They can be provided by one of the primary emergency services (often as a division or unit) or by a separate governmental or private body. Specialized emergency services may typically be contacted and requested by the public, unless they are a division or unit of a primary emergency service. They may also often be requested by primary emergency services to handle certain emergencies or augment existing emergency services personnel. Some of these services may be location-specific and have jurisdiction over specific areas or situations, with little if any authority outside them. In some jurisdictions, specialized emergency services may be allowed to use emergency lights on their vehicles, often yellow or amber lights unless they are already part of
992-424: The wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree. Injury in animals
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1024-424: Was found guilty of negligent homicide for a head-on train collision that occurred in June 2003. Nineteen people died and forty-eight were injured in a crash where the dispatcher allowed a passenger train to leave a station when a freight train was approaching the station on the same line. Employment as a dispatcher does not usually require a level of education higher than a high school diploma , but many that work in
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