" Dirty Water " is a song by the American rock band The Standells , written by their producer Ed Cobb . The song is a mock paean to the city of Boston , Massachusetts , and its then-famously polluted Boston Harbor and Charles River .
141-570: According to Standells keyboardist Larry Tamblyn, at least some of the song (notably the references to "lovers and thieves") was inspired by a mugging of Cobb in Boston. In addition to the river, other local interest items in the song include the Boston University women's curfew —"Frustrated women ... have to be in by 12 o'clock"—and a passing mention of the Boston Strangler —"have you heard about
282-576: A Vox AC30 amplifier by Standells guitarist Tony Valentino. The song is also included in the soundtrack for the film Fever Pitch , which includes the Boston Red Sox leading up to the 2004 World Series . Starting in April 2019, Liverpool F.C. , a club in the English Premier League , began playing "Dirty Water" after home matches, due to the fact that the club is owned by Fenway Sports Group ,
423-610: A peer-reviewed academic journal . The best-known research degree title in the English-speaking world , is Doctor of Philosophy (abbreviated Ph.D., PhD or, at some British universities, DPhil ) awarded in many countries throughout the world. In the U.S., for instance, although the most typical research doctorate is the PhD, accounting for about 98% of the research doctorates awarded, there are more than 15 other names for research doctorates. Other research-oriented doctorates (some having
564-561: A university . Its roots can be traced to the early church in which the term doctor referred to the Apostles , church fathers , and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bible . The right to grant a licentia docendi (i.e. the doctorate) was originally reserved to the Catholic Church , which required the applicant to pass a test, take an oath of allegiance , and pay
705-523: A $ 1 billion fundraising campaign was launched, its first comprehensive campaign, emphasizing financial aid, faculty support, research, and facility improvements. In 2016, the campaign goal was reached. The board of trustees voted to raise the goal to $ 1.5 billion and extend through 2019. The campaign has funded 74 new faculty positions, including 49 named full professorships and 25 Career Development Professorships. The campaign concluded in September 2019, raising
846-809: A DPhil) was awarded at the University of Oxford . Following the MD, the next professional doctorate in the US, the Juris Doctor (JD), was established by the University of Chicago in 1902. However, it took a long time to be accepted, not replacing the Bachelor of Laws (LLB) until the 1960s, by which time the LLB was generally taken as a graduate degree. Notably, the JD and LLB curriculum were identical, with
987-615: A PhD to a woman, when classics scholar Helen Magill White earned hers with a thesis on "The Greek Drama". Then in 1878 Anna Oliver became the first woman to receive a degree in theology in the United States, but the Methodist Church would not ordain her. Lelia J. Robinson , who graduated from the university's law school in 1881, became the first woman admitted to the bar in Massachusetts. Solomon Carter Fuller , who graduated from
1128-450: A bachelor's degree in the U.S. and the U.K. However, elsewhere, e.g. in Finland and many other European countries, a master's degree is required. The time required to complete a research doctorate varies from three years, excluding undergraduate study, to six years or more. Licentiate degrees vary widely in their meaning, and in a few countries are doctoral-level qualifications. Sweden awards
1269-500: A brand new student residence on the Medical Campus. In May 2024, Boston University removed Myles Standish's name from the building. It is now referred to by its address, 610 Beacon Street. In 2019, Boston University expanded its financial aid program so that it would "meet the full need for all domestic students who qualify for financial aid," starting in fall 2020. In September 2022, Robert A. Brown announced he will step down at
1410-514: A capacity of 1200 people. Other citizens of Concord covered the remodeling costs. One stipulation of the invitation was that the Institute remain in Concord for at least 20 years. The charter issued by New Hampshire designated the school the " Methodist General Biblical Institute ", but it was commonly called the "Concord Biblical Institute". With the agreed twenty years coming to a close, the trustees of
1551-447: A charter for a university by the name of "Boston University". These trustees were successful Boston businessmen and Methodist laymen, with a history of involvement in educational enterprises, and they became the founders of Boston University. They were Isaac Rich (1801–1872), Lee Claflin (1791–1871), and Jacob Sleeper (1802–1889), for whom Boston University's three West Campus dormitories were later named. Lee Claflin's son, William ,
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#17328552685391692-534: A civil servant). In many Central and Eastern Europe countries, the degree gives venia legendi , Latin for "the permission to lecture", or ius docendi , "the right to teach", a specific academic subject at universities for a lifetime. The French academic system used to have a higher doctorate, called the "state doctorate" ( doctorat d'État ), but, in 1984, it was superseded by the habilitation ( Habilitation à diriger des recherches , "habilitation to supervise (doctoral and post-doctoral) research", abbreviated HDR) which
1833-507: A commuter school, but the university now guarantees the option of on-campus housing for four years for all undergraduate students. Currently, 76 percent of the undergraduate population lives on campus. Boston University requires that all students living in dormitories be enrolled in a year-long meal plan with several combinations of meals and dining points which can be used as cash in on-campus facilities. Doctorate A doctorate (from Latin doctor , meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree
1974-786: A difference in the granting authority (individual professor for the ijzazah and a corporate entity in the case of the university doctorate). The doctorate of philosophy developed in Germany in the 17th century (likely c. 1652). The term "philosophy" does not refer here to the field or academic discipline of philosophy ; it is used in a broader sense under its original Greek meaning of "love of wisdom". In most of Europe , all fields ( history , philosophy, social sciences , mathematics , and natural philosophy / natural sciences ) were traditionally known as philosophy, and in Germany and elsewhere in Europe
2115-529: A doctoral program is available only for holders of a master's degree; there is no honors procedure for recruiting Bachelors. Entrance is not as controlled as in undergraduate studies, where a strict numerus clausus is applied. Usually, a prospective student discusses their plans with a professor. If the professor agrees to accept the student, the student applies for admission. The professor may recruit students to their group. Formal acceptance does not imply funding. The student must obtain funding either by working in
2256-430: A doctorate in canon law in 1608 have been discredited), Elena Cornaro Piscopia in 1678 at the University of Padua , Laura Bassi in 1732 at Bologna University , Dorothea Erxleben in 1754 at Halle University and María Isidra de Guzmán y de la Cerda in 1785 at Complutense University , Madrid. The use and meaning of the doctorate have changed over time and are subject to regional variations. For instance, until
2397-498: A fee. The Third Council of the Lateran of 1179 guaranteed access—at that time essentially free of charge—to all able applicants. Applicants were tested for aptitude. This right remained a bone of contention between the church authorities and the universities, slowly distancing themselves from the Church. In 1213 the right was granted by the pope to the University of Paris , where it became
2538-630: A full dissertation. In the Philippines, the University of the Philippines Open University offers a Doctor of Communication (DComm) professional doctorate. All doctorates in the UK and Ireland are third cycle qualifications in the Bologna Process , comparable to US research doctorates. Although all doctorates are research degrees, professional doctorates normally include taught components, while
2679-408: A higher doctorate a student must have completed a research doctorate at least seven to ten years prior to submitting the research portfolio used to award them a higher doctorate. Doctoral candidates are normally required to have a master's degree in a related field. Exceptions are based on their individual academic merit. A second and a third foreign language are other common requirements, although
2820-552: A labor contract while the clerical workers and librarians were seeking union recognition. The strike ended by mid-April under terms favorable to the employees. On November 27, 1979, the committee to Defend Iranian Students—composed of Iranian students, Youths Against Foreign Fascism and the Revolutionary Communist Party—held a demonstration at the George Sherman Union against the deposed Shah of Iran and
2961-496: A minimum of six years of university-level study (including any pre-professional bachelor's or associate degree) and meet the academic requirements for professional licensure in the discipline. The definition for a professional doctorate does not include a requirement for either a dissertation or study beyond master's level, in contrast to the definition for research doctorates ("doctor's degree – research/scholarship"). However, individual programs may have different requirements. There
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#17328552685393102-409: A monograph or it an edited collection of 3 to 7 journal articles. Students unable or unwilling to write a dissertation may qualify for a licentiate degree by completing the coursework requirement and writing a shorter thesis, usually summarizing one year of research. When the dissertation is ready, the faculty names two expert pre-examiners with doctoral degrees from the outside the university. During
3243-452: A portfolio of research publications. The habilitation (highest available degree) demonstrates independent and thorough research, experience in teaching and lecturing, and, more recently, the ability to generate supportive funding. The habilitation follows the research doctorate, and in Germany, it can be a requirement for appointment as a Privatdozent or professor. Since the Middle Ages ,
3384-548: A professional practice focus) include the Doctor of Education (Ed.D. or EdD ), the Doctor of Science (D.Sc. or Sc.D. ), Doctor of Arts (D.A. ), Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D. ), Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A. ), Doctor of Professional Studies /Professional Doctorate (ProfDoc or DProf), Doctor of Public Health (Dr.P.H. ), Doctor of Social Science (D.S.Sc. or DSocSci ), Doctor of Management (D.M. or D.Mgt.), Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A. or DBA ),
3525-402: A public lecture before a panel of experts (including external members from other universities), and a written exam. In recent years some initiatives as jointly supervised doctorates (e.g. "cotutelles") have become increasingly common in the country, as part of the country's efforts to open its universities to international students. Denmark offers two types of "doctorate"-like degrees: For
3666-469: A research unit or through private scholarships. Funding is more available for natural and engineering sciences than in letters. Sometimes, normal work and research activity are combined. Prior to introduction of the Bologna process, Finland required at least 42 credit weeks (1,800 hours) of formal coursework. The requirement was removed in 2005, leaving the decision to individual universities, which may delegate
3807-499: A science specialty, one must have a master's degree (M.Sc.) (or two diplomas before the introduction of M.Sc. degree in Egypt) before applying. The M.D. degree involves courses in the field and defending a dissertation. It takes on average three to five years. Many postgraduate medical and surgical specialties students earn a doctorate. After finishing a 6-year medical school and one-year internship (house officer), physicians and surgeons earn
3948-443: A second search to fill the presidential position, culminating with the inauguration of Robert A. Brown as the university's 10th president on April 27, 2006. ( Aram Chobanian , who had served as president ad interim during most of the second search, was formally recognized as the 9th president in 2005.) In the wake of this fiasco, several actions were taken to improve the image projected to potential presidential candidates as well as
4089-406: A student and two officers. Contrary to student claims of a peaceful protest, Silber said, "Civilization doesn't abdicate in face of barbarism. Those students or nonstudents who deliberately seek violent confrontation and refuse all efforts at peaceful resolution of issues must expect society to use its police power in its own defense." In response to Silber's decision of a forceful police intervention,
4230-734: A thesis that must represent an original and relevant contribution to existing knowledge. The thesis is examined in a final public oral exam administered by at least five faculty members, two of whom must be external. After completion, which normally consumes 4 years, the candidate is commonly awarded the degree of Doutor (Doctor) followed by the main area of specialization, e.g. Doutor em Direito (Doctor of Laws), Doutor em Ciências da Computação (Doctor of Computer Sciences), Doutor em Filosofia (Doctor of Philosophy), Doutor em Economia (Doctor of Economics), Doutor em Engenharia (Doctor of Engineering) or Doutor em Medicina (Doctor of Medicine). The generic title of Doutor em Ciências (Doctor of Sciences)
4371-427: A total of $ 1.85 billion over seven years. In February 2015, the faculty adopted an open-access policy to make its scholarship publicly accessible online. The Charles River and Medical Campuses have undergone physical transformations since 2006, from new buildings and playing fields to dormitory renovations. The campus has seen the addition of a 26-floor student residence at 33 Harry Agganis Way, nicknamed StuVi2 ,
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4512-409: A universal license to teach ( licentia ubique docendi ). However, while the licentia continued to hold a higher prestige than the bachelor's degree ( baccalaureus ), the latter was ultimately reduced to an intermediate step to the master's degree ( magister ) and doctorate, both of which now became the accepted teaching qualifications. According to Keith Allan Noble (1994), the first doctoral degree
4653-621: Is Rhett the Boston Terrier. The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAA Division I . Among its alumni and current or past faculty, the university counts 9 Nobel Laureates, 23 Pulitzer Prize winners, 10 Rhodes Scholars , 6 Marshall Scholars , 14 Academy Award winners, 11 Emmy Award winners, and 9 Tony Award winners. BU also has 3 MacArthur Fellows and Fulbright Scholars among its past and present graduates and faculty. In 1876, BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented
4794-641: Is a private research university in Boston , Massachusetts , United States. BU was founded in 1839 by a group of Boston Methodists with its original campus in Newbury, Vermont . It was chartered in Boston in 1869. The university is a member of the Association of American Universities and the Boston Consortium for Higher Education. The university is nonsectarian , though it retains its historical affiliation with
4935-457: Is a master's degree or equivalent. All universities have the right to award doctorates. The ammattikorkeakoulu institutes (institutes of higher vocational education that are not universities but often called "Universities of Applied Sciences" in English) do not award doctoral or other academic degrees. The student must: The way to show that these general requirements have been met is: Entrance to
5076-465: Is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach"). In most countries, a research degree qualifies the holder to teach at university level in the degree's field or work in a specific profession . There are a number of doctoral degrees; the most common is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), awarded in many different fields, ranging from
5217-479: Is a research degree. When a university wishes to formally recognize an individual's contributions to a particular field or philanthropic efforts, it may choose to grant a doctoral degree honoris causa ('for the sake of the honor'), waiving the usual requirements for granting the degree. Some universities do not award honorary degrees, for example, Cornell University , the University of Virginia , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology . In Argentina
5358-932: Is also a category of "doctor's degree – other" for doctorates that do not fall into either the "professional practice" or "research/scholarship" categories. All of these are considered doctoral degrees. In contrast to the US, many countries reserve the term "doctorate" for research degrees. If, as in Canada and Australia, professional degrees bear the name "Doctor of ...", etc., it is made clear that these are not doctorates. Examples of this include Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), and Juris Doctor (JD). Contrariwise, for example, research doctorates like Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Doctor of Education (EdD) and Doctor of Social Science (DSS) qualify as full academic doctorates in Canada though they normally incorporate aspects of professional practice in addition to
5499-578: Is beloved by the city of Boston and its sports fans, the song first became a hit in the state of Florida , breaking out on WLOF in Orlando in January 1966. Dirty Water was also the title of the Standells' most successful LP , their only nationally charting album. This LP charted on both Billboard and Cash Box magazines' charts, peaking at No.52 and No.39, respectively, during the summer of 1966. The song
5640-458: Is between US$ 500 and $ 1000. A degree of Doutor usually enables an individual to apply for a junior faculty position equivalent to a US assistant professor . Progression to full professorship, known as Professor Titular requires that the candidate be successful in a competitive public exam and normally takes additional years. In the federal university system, doctors who are admitted as junior faculty members may progress (usually by seniority) to
5781-791: Is conferred after a successful dissertation defence. In 2006, there were approximately 2,151 postgraduate careers in the country, of which 14% were doctoral degrees. Doctoral programs in Argentina are overseen by the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation , an agency in Argentina's Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) categorizes tertiary qualifications into ten levels that are numbered from one to ten in ascending order of complexity and depth. Of these qualification levels, six are for higher education qualifications and are numbered from five to ten. Doctoral degrees occupy
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5922-668: Is normally used to refer collectively to doctorates in the natural sciences (i.e. Physics, Chemistry, Biological and Life Sciences, etc.) All graduate programs in Brazilian public universities are tuition-free (mandated by the Brazilian constitution ). Some graduate students are additionally supported by institutional scholarships granted by federal government agencies like CNPq ( Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ) and CAPES ( Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Ensino Superior ). Personal scholarships are provided by
6063-611: Is possible at the BU Bridge, which also allows street traffic to cross from the Boston side to the Cambridge side of the Charles River. As a result of its continual expansion, the Charles River campus contains an array of architecturally diverse buildings. The College of Arts and Sciences, Marsh Chapel, and the School of Theology buildings are the university's most recognizable, and were built in
6204-423: Is required to have a master's degree, but not necessarily a ph.d. The ph.d. was introduced as a separate title from the higher doctorate in 1992 as part of the transition to a new degree structure, since the changes in the degree system would otherwise leave a significant amount of academics without immediately recognizable qualifications in international settings. The original vision was purported to be to phase out
6345-459: Is the prerequisite to supervise PhDs and to apply to Full Professorships. In many countries of the previous Soviet Union ( USSR ), for example the Russian Federation or Ukraine there is the higher doctorate (above the title of "Candidate of Sciences"/PhD) under the title " Doctor of Sciences ". While this section has focused on earned qualifications conferred in virtue of published work or
6486-489: Is then typically defended by the candidate during an oral examination (called viva (voce) in the UK and India) by the committee, which then awards the degree unconditionally, awards the degree conditionally (ranging from corrections in grammar to additional research), or denies the degree. Candidates may also be required to complete graduate-level courses in their field and study research methodology. Criteria for admission to doctoral programs vary. Students may be admitted with
6627-480: Is traditionally played by Boston sports teams following home victories. The National Hockey League 's Boston Bruins began playing it in 1995, and Major League Baseball 's Boston Red Sox followed suit after home victories beginning in the 1997 season. The surviving Standells have performed the song at Fenway Park from atop the Green Monster . The famous guitar riff was recorded with a Fender Telecaster through
6768-697: The BU Law Tower , the George Sherman Union , and the Mugar Memorial Library were constructed in the Brutalist style, a departure from the school's traditional architecture. The College of Engineering and College of Communication were housed in a former stable building and auto-show room, respectively. Besides his efforts to expand the university into a rival for Greater Boston's more prestigious academic institutions, such as Harvard University and
6909-613: The Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston's South End neighborhood. The Fenway campus houses the Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, formerly Wheelock College, which merged with BU in 2018. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity". BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League and Hockey East conferences, and their mascot
7050-463: The Boylston Street and Copley Square area, before building its Charles River Campus in the 1930s. After receiving a year's salary advance to allow him to pursue his research in 1875, Alexander Graham Bell , then a professor at the school, invented the telephone in a Boston University laboratory. In 1876, Borden Parker Bowne was appointed professor of philosophy. Bowne, an important figure in
7191-449: The Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D., or D.S.Th.) are research doctorates in theology. Criteria for research doctorates vary but typically require completion of a substantial body of original research, which may be presented as a single thesis or dissertation , or as a portfolio of shorter project reports ( thesis by publication ). The submitted dissertation is assessed by a committee of, typically, internal, and external examiners. It
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#17328552685397332-621: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (both in Cambridge across the Charles River from the BU campus), Case involved himself in the start of the student/societal upheavals that came to characterize the 1960s. When a mini-squabble over editorial policy at college radio WBUR-FM – whose offices were under a tall radio antenna mast in front of the School of Public Relations and Communications (later College of Communications) – started growing in
7473-577: The Photonics Center , Life Science and Engineering Building, The Student Village (which includes the FitRec Center and Agganis Arena ), and the Questrom School of Business . All these buildings were built in brick, a few with a substantial amount of brownstone. Boston University converted the old Nickelodeon Cinemas complex into College of Engineering labs and offices. In 2016, the university sold
7614-562: The United Methodist Church . The university has more than 4,000 faculty members, nearly 38,000 students, and is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees , master's degrees , doctorates , and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through 17 schools and colleges on three urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway–Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while
7755-673: The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. ), African-American students conducted a sit-in and locked BU President Arland F. Christ-Janer out of his office for 12 hours. Umoja, BU's Black Student Union, put forward ten demands to Christ-Janer and got nine of them approved that included the creation of a Martin Luther King Chair of Social Ethics, expansion of African-American library resources and tutoring services, opening an "Afro-American coordinating center," admission and selection of more Black students and faculty. No disciplinary action
7896-428: The auditorium (ex auditorio) . For the higher doctorate, the candidate (referred to as præses ) is required to submit a thesis of major scientific significance, and to proceed to defend it orally against two official opponents, as well as against any and all opponents from the auditorium ( ex auditorio ) – no matter how long the proceedings take. The official opponents are required to be full professors. The candidate
8037-423: The humanities to scientific disciplines. Many universities also award honorary doctorates to individuals deemed worthy of special recognition, either for scholarly work or other contributions to the university or society. The term doctor derives from Latin, meaning "teacher" or "instructor". The doctorate (Latin: doctoratus ) appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach Latin ( licentia docendi ) at
8178-563: The telephone in a BU lab. Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont , in 1839, and was chartered with the name "Boston University" by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869. The university organized formal centennial observances both in 1939 and 1969. One or the other, or both dates may appear on various official seals used by different schools of
8319-471: The $ 400 rise in tuition and $ 150 rise in housing charges declared by the trustees on March 7. The protest interrupted a board of trustees conference. While John Silber and Arthur G. B. Metcalf, chairman of the board of trustees, were negotiating with student government representatives to discuss the matter further on a separate occasion, the protesters marched into the building from two entrances, effectively trapping 40 trustees and 10 university administrators in
8460-496: The 19th century "when holding a doctorate seemed no longer sufficient to guarantee a proficient transfer of knowledge to the next generation". In many federal states of Germany, the habilitation results in an award of a formal "Dr. habil." degree or the holder of the degree may add "habil." to their research doctorate such as "Dr. phil. habil." or "Dr. rer. nat. habil." In some European universities, especially in German -speaking countries,
8601-737: The Concord Biblical Institute purchased 30 acres (120,000 m ) on Aspinwall Hill in Brookline, Massachusetts , as a possible relocation site. The institute moved in 1867 to 23 Pinkney Street in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, and received a Massachusetts Charter as the " Boston Theological Seminary ". In 1869, three trustees of the Boston Theological Institute obtained from the Massachusetts Legislature
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#17328552685398742-700: The Dahod Family Alumni Center (formerly The Castle). Construction of the brick and glass Yawkey Center for Student Services was designed to follow the requirements of the Bay State Road historic district. Use of glass and steel for new construction on Commonwealth Avenue includes the Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences & Engineering, which opened in 2017, and the 19-story Center for Computing & Data Sciences , which opened in 2022. The ceremonial opening on December 8, 2022,
8883-466: The Faculty State conducted a vote on Silber's resignation which could not pass due to a "vote of 140–25 with 32 abstentions." As a result of this failed motion, Peter P. Gabriel resigned his position as the dean of Boston University's School of Management in protest of Silber's presidency and his "counterproductive" leadership. Silber's support of military recruitment on campus, which he pushed to make
9024-523: The M.B. B.Ch. degree, which is equivalent to a US MD degree. They can then apply to earn a master's degree or a speciality diploma, then an MD degree in a specialty. The Egyptian M.D. degree is written using the name of one's specialty. For example, M.D. (Geriatrics) means a doctorate in Geriatrics , which is equivalent to a Ph.D. in Geriatrics. The Finnish requirement for the entrance into doctoral studies
9165-508: The Mugar Library, BU Law School, and Warren Towers , all of which were built in the brutalist style of architecture. The Metcalf Science Center for Science and Engineering , constructed in 1983, might more accurately be described as Structural Expressionism . Morse Auditorium , adjacent, stands in stark architectural contrast, as it was originally constructed as a Jewish synagogue . The most recent architectural additions to BU's campus are
9306-771: The New Balance Playing Field, the Yawkey Center for Student Services, the Alan and Sherry Leventhal Center, the Law tower and Redstone annex, the Engineering Product Innovation Center (EPIC), the Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences & Engineering, and the Joan and Edgar Booth Theatre, which opened in fall 2017. The construction of the Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences & Engineering
9447-470: The Strangler? (I'm the man I'm the man)." First issued in late 1965 on the Tower label, a subsidiary of Capitol Records , the song debuted April 30, 1966 on the Cash Box charts and peaked at No.8. It reached No.11 on the Billboard singles charts on June 11. It was the band's first major hit single; their earlier charting record, "The Boy Next Door", had only reached No.102 on Billboard' s Bubbling Under chart in February 1966. Although "Dirty Water"
9588-485: The Swedish/Finnish licentiate degree). While other licences (such as the Licence in Canon Law) are at the level of master's degrees. A higher tier of research doctorates may be awarded based on a formally submitted portfolio of published research of an exceptionally high standard. Examples include the Doctor of Science (DSc or ScD), Doctor of Divinity (DD), Doctor of Letters (DLitt or LittD), Doctor of Law or Laws (LLD), and Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) degrees found in
9729-665: The UK Doctor of Management (DMan), various doctorates in engineering, such as the US Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng., D.E.Sc. or D.E.S., also awarded in Japan and South Korea), the UK Engineering Doctorate (EngD), the German engineering doctorate Doktoringenieur ( Dr.-Ing. ) the German natural science doctorate Doctor rerum naturalium ( Dr. rer. nat. ) and the economics and social science doctorate Doctor rerum politicarum ( Dr. rer. pol. ). The UK Doctor of Medicine (MD or MD (Res)) and Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) are research doctorates. The Doctor of Theology (Th.D., D.Th. or ThD ), Doctor of Practical Theology (DPT) and
9870-446: The UK, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, and the traditional doctorates in Scandinavia like the Doctor Medicinae (Dr. Med.). The habilitation teaching qualification ( facultas docendi or "faculty to teach") under a university procedure with a thesis and an exam is commonly regarded as belonging to this category in Germany , Austria , France , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , Poland , etc. The degree developed in Germany in
10011-424: The US Government's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that was a funder of the lab. The university's main Charles River Campus follows Commonwealth Avenue and the Green Line , beginning near Kenmore Square and continuing for over a mile and a half to its end near the border of Boston's Allston neighborhood. The Boston University Bridge over the Charles River into Cambridge represents
10152-517: The United Kingdom, the older-style doctorates take much longer to complete since candidates must show themselves to be leading experts in their subjects. These doctorates are less common than the PhD in some countries and are often awarded honoris causa . The habilitation is still used for academic recruitment purposes in many countries within the EU. It involves either a long new thesis (a second book) or
10293-407: The application. In July 2021, BU announced faculty and staff will be required to be vaccinated against COVID-19 for the fall 2022 semester. This comes after a vaccine requirement for all students, which was announced in April. In October 2022, Boston University's National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories conducted research in a Biosafety Level 3 lab that modified the original strain of
10434-459: The apprenticeship term for other occupations. Originally the terms "master" and "doctor" were synonymous, but over time the doctorate came to be regarded as a higher qualification than the master's degree . University degrees, including doctorates, were originally restricted to men. The first women to be granted doctorates were Juliana Morell in 1608 at Lyons or maybe Avignon (she "defended theses" in 1606 or 1607, although claims that she received
10575-420: The authority to faculties or individual professors. In Engineering and Science, required coursework varies between 40 and 70 ECTS . The duration of graduate studies varies. It is possible to graduate three years after the master's degree, while much longer periods are not uncommon. The study ends with a dissertation, which must present substantial new scientific/scholarly knowledge. The dissertation can either be
10716-697: The basic faculty of liberal arts was known as the "faculty of philosophy". The Doctorate of Philosophy adheres to this historic convention, even though most degrees are not for the study of philosophy. Chris Park explains that it was not until formal education and degree programs were standardized in the early 19th century that the Doctorate of Philosophy was reintroduced in Germany as a research degree, abbreviated as Dr. phil. (similar to Ph.D. in Anglo-American countries). Germany, however, differentiated then in more detail between doctorates in philosophy and doctorates in
10857-448: The basis of an original and significant contribution to professional practice. Higher doctorates are typically titled similarly to professional doctorates and are awarded based on a submitted portfolio of research that follows a consistent theme and is internationally recognized as an original and substantive contribution to knowledge beyond that required for the awarding of a research doctorate. Typically, to be eligible to be awarded
10998-509: The building for over thirty minutes. Twenty officers from the Boston University Police Department had to disperse the crowd from the stairwells. The protest resulted in the arrest of 19 year old Joshua Grossman, while another student and two BUPD officers were taken to hospitals. On April 5, 1979, several hundred faculty members, as well as clerical workers and librarians, went on strike . The faculty members were seeking
11139-503: The building that housed the Huntington Theatre Company and constructed the Joan & Edgar Booth Theatre and College of Fine Arts Production Center to consolidate the theater program on campus. BU has earned several historic preservation awards with recent extensive building renovation projects, such as the School of Law tower, the Alan & Sherry Leventhal Center, 610 Beacon Street (formerly Myles Standish Hall ), and
11280-518: The character of the campus changed significantly, as he sought to change the school into a national research university. The campus tripled in size to 45 acres (180,000 m ), and added 68 new buildings before Case retired in 1967. The first large dorms, Claflin, Rich and Sleeper Halls in West Campus were built, and in 1965 construction began on 700 Commonwealth Avenue , later named Warren Towers , designed to house 1800 students. Between 1961 and 1966,
11421-498: The core of the city of Boston, which was appraised at more than $ 1.5 million. Kilgore describes this as the largest single donation to an American college or university as of that time. By December, however, the Great Boston Fire of 1872 had destroyed all but one of the buildings Rich had left to the university, and the insurance companies with which they had been insured were bankrupt . The value of his estate, when turned over to
11562-440: The country, professional doctorates may also be research degrees at the same level as PhDs . The relationship between research and practice is considered important and professional degrees with little or no research content are typically aimed at professional performance. Many professional doctorates are named "Doctor of [subject name] and abbreviated using the form "D[subject abbreviation]" or "[subject abbreviation]D", or may use
11703-511: The degree being renamed as a doctorate, and it (like the MD) was not equivalent to the PhD, raising criticism that it was "not a 'true Doctorate ' ". When professional doctorates were established in the UK in the late 1980s and early 1990s, they did not follow the US model. Still, they were set up as research degrees at the same level as PhDs but with some taught components and a professional focus for research work. Now usually called higher doctorates in
11844-412: The degree is insufficient to have teaching duties without professor supervision (or teaching and supervising PhD students independently) without an additional teaching title such as Privatdozent . In Austria, the habilitation bestows the graduate with the facultas docendi , venia legendi. Since 2004, the honorary title of "Privatdozent" (before this, completing the habilitation resulted in appointment as
11985-611: The deportation of Iranian students from the US. "To the Iranian people, that man (the shah) is Adolf Hitler," students protested. "The Shah Must Face the Wrath of the People." This was met with chants of "God Bless America" from the opposing group. Twenty policemen broke up the confronting parties though no arrests were made. Following the trustees' push for the resignation of the university's eighth president, Jon Westling, they voted unanimously to offer
12126-584: The dividing line between Main Campus, where most schools and classroom buildings are concentrated, and West Campus , home to several athletic facilities and playing fields, the large West Campus dorm, and the new John Hancock Student Village complex. The main campus buildings of BU are separated from the Charles River Esplanade parkland and the Paul Dudley White Bike Path along the banks of
12267-426: The doctorate ( doctorado ) is the highest academic degree. The intention is that candidates produce original contributions in their field knowledge within a frame of academic excellence. A dissertation or thesis is prepared under the supervision of a tutor or director. It is reviewed by a Doctoral Committee composed of examiners external to the program and at least one examiner external to the institution. The degree
12408-522: The doctorate's importance. Today, a research doctorate (PhD) or its equivalent (as defined in the US by the NSF ) is generally a prerequisite for an academic career. However, many recipients do not work in academia. Professional doctorates developed in the United States from the 19th century onward. The first professional doctorate offered in the United States was the MD at Kings College (now Columbia University ) after
12549-399: The early 20th century, few academic staff or professors in English-speaking universities held doctorates, except for very senior scholars and those in holy orders . After that time, the German practice of requiring lecturers to have completed a research doctorate spread. Universities' shift to research-oriented education (based upon the scientific method, inquiry, and observation) increased
12690-465: The end of the 2022–2023 academic year. Brown began his presidency in September 2005, and his contract was set to run through 2025. Although Brown chose to end his presidency, he will resume teaching at the university. On August 1, 2023, Kenneth W. Freeman started serving as president ad interim. In October 2023, Melissa Gilliam was named the incoming president, starting her term on July 1, 2024. On July 1, 2024, Melissa Gilliam began her tenure as
12831-456: The equivalent, a higher doctorate may also be presented on an honorary basis by a university — at its own initiative or after a nomination — in recognition of public prestige, institutional service, philanthropy, or professional achievement. In a formal listing of qualifications, and often in other contexts, an honorary higher doctorate will be identified using language like " DCL , honoris causa ", "Hon LLD ", or " LittD h.c. ". Depending on
12972-452: The exception of the School of Theology) religion. Boston Theological Institute was absorbed into Boston University in 1871 as the BU School of Theology . On January 13, 1872, Isaac Rich died, leaving the vast bulk of his estate to a trust that would go to Boston University after ten years of growth while the university was organized. Most of this bequest consisted of real estate throughout
13113-400: The functioning of the board itself. In 2012, the university was invited to join the Association of American Universities , comprising 66 leading research universities in the United States and Canada. BU, one of four universities at the time invited to join the group since 2000, became the 62nd member. In the Boston area, Harvard, MIT, Tufts, and Brandeis are also members. That same year,
13254-453: The higher doctorate in favor of the ph.d. (or merge the two), but so far, there are no signs of this happening. Many Danish academics with permanent positions wrote ph.d. dissertations in the 90s when the system was new, since at that time, a ph.d. degree or equivalent qualifications began to be required for certain academic positions in Denmark . Until the late 20th century, the higher doctorate
13395-474: The highest of these levels: level ten. All doctoral degrees involve research and this is a defining characteristic of them. There are three categories of doctoral degrees recognized by the AQF: research doctorates, professional doctorates and higher doctorates. Research doctorates and professional doctorates are both completed as part of a programme of study and supervised research. Both have entry requirements of
13536-484: The history of American religious thought, was an American Christian philosopher and theologian in the Methodist tradition. He is known for his contributions to personalism , a philosophical branch of liberal theology . The movement he led is often referred to as Boston Personalism . The university continued its tradition of openness in this period. In 1877, Boston University became the first American university to award
13677-443: The late-1930s and 1940s in collegiate gothic style. A sizable amount of the campus is traditional Boston brownstone , especially at Bay State Road and South Campus, where BU has acquired almost every townhouse those areas offer. The buildings are primarily dormitories, but many also serve as various institutes as well as department offices. From the 1960s through the 1980s, several contemporary buildings were constructed, including
13818-470: The licentiate degree as a two-year qualification at the doctoral level and the doctoral degree (PhD) as a four-year qualification. Sweden originally abolished the Licentiate in 1969 but reintroduced it in response to demands from business. Finland also has a two-year doctoral level licentiate degree, similar to Sweden's. Outside of Scandinavia, the licentiate is usually a lower-level qualification. In Belgium,
13959-540: The licentiate was the basic university degree prior to the Bologna Process and was equivalent to a bachelor's degree. In France and other countries, it is the bachelor's-level qualification in the Bologna process. In the Pontifical system, the Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL) is equivalent to an advanced master's degree, or the post-master's coursework required in preparation for a doctorate (i.e. similar in level to
14100-460: The long-time appearance of the busy traffic hub. In September 2021, BU completed a $ 115 million project to renovate and expand the Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine. The project expanded clinical spaces, added a simulation learning center, and improved collaborative spaces for students. Boston University's housing system is the nation's 10th largest among four-year colleges. BU was originally
14241-425: The medical school's founding in 1767. However, this was not a professional doctorate in the modern American sense. It was awarded for further study after the qualifying Bachelor of Medicine (MB) rather than a qualifying degree. The MD became the standard first degree in medicine in the US during the 19th century, but as a three-year undergraduate degree. It did not become established as a graduate degree until 1930. As
14382-466: The more generic titles "Professional Doctorate", abbreviated "ProfDoc" or "DProf", " Doctor of Professional Studies " (DPS) or "Doctor of Professional Practice" (DPP). In the US, professional doctorates (formally "doctor's degree – professional practice" in government classifications) are defined by the US Department of Education 's National Center for Educational Statistics as degrees that require
14523-475: The name PhD/DPhil is normally used for doctorates purely by thesis. Professional, practitioner, or practice-based doctorates such as the DClinPsy, MD, DHSc, EdD, DBA, EngD and DAg are full academic doctorates. They are at the same level as the PhD in the national qualifications frameworks; they are not first professional degrees but are "often post-experience qualifications" in which practice is considered important in
14664-423: The natural sciences, abbreviated as Dr. rer. nat. and also doctorates in the social/political sciences, abbreviated as Dr. rer. pol., similar to the other traditional doctorates in medicine (Dr. med.) and law (Dr. jur.). University doctoral training was a form of apprenticeship to a guild . The traditional term of study before new teachers were admitted to the guild of "Masters of Arts" was seven years, matching
14805-480: The nearby Charles River, by heavily trafficked Storrow Drive , a high-speed limited-access major roadway connecting downtown Boston to its western suburbs. The separation occurred in the late 1920s, when the Commonwealth of Massachusetts seized land by eminent domain for the construction of the new roadway along the riverbank. A narrow strip of grassy lawn between BU academic buildings lining Commonwealth Avenue and
14946-491: The next day. The lab uses eight robots to process up to 6,000 tests per day. A contact tracing team is part of the process to contain infections on campus. BU also started a new website "Back2BU" to provide students with the latest information on reopening. The results of the tests were published on BU's public COVID-19 Testing Data Dashboard. BU's National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL) has been working with live coronavirus samples since March 2020, and—at
15087-413: The number and types of doctorates awarded by universities have proliferated throughout the world. Practice varies from one country to another. While a doctorate usually entitles a person to be addressed as "doctor", the use of the title varies widely depending on the type and the associated occupation. Research doctorates are awarded in recognition of publishable academic research, at least in principle, in
15228-407: The original strain. Marc Lipsitch of Harvard, however, argued "these are unquestionably gain-of-function experiments. As many have noted, this is a very broad term encompassing many harmless and some potentially dangerous experiments. GOF is a scientific technique, not an epithet." While the BU researchers gained internal research and Boston government approvals for the research, they failed to notify
15369-437: The ph.d. degree, the candidates (ph.d. students or fellows) – who are required to have a master's degree – enroll at a ph.d. school at a university and participate in a research training program, at the end of which they each submit a thesis and defend it orally at a formal disputation . In the disputation, the candidates defend their theses against three official opponents, and may take opponents or questions from those present in
15510-563: The physical campus, constructing the Photonics Center for the study of light, a new building for the School of Management, and the Life Science and Engineering Building for interdisciplinary research, among other projects. Campus expansion continued in the 2000s with the construction of new dormitories and the Agganis Arena . To protest the poor condition of Boston University's African-American curriculum, on April 25, 1968 (three weeks after
15651-427: The pre-examination process, the student may receive comments on the work and respond with modifications. After the pre-examiners approve, the doctoral candidate applies the faculty for permission to print the thesis. When granting this permission, the faculty names the opponent for the thesis defence, who must also be an outside expert, with at least a doctorate. In all Finnish universities, long tradition requires that
15792-561: The preceding year, Boston University purchased the former Wheelock College , which is now referred to as the Boston University Fenway Campus (although it is actually located in the adjacent neighborhood of Longwood ). As of 2019 , BU has sold or leased to real estate developers several building sites it owned in Kenmore Square next to its campus. Large multistory buildings are being constructed there, which will transform
15933-645: The presidency of John R. Silber . In 1972, student protests rose against the university administration's endorsement of Marine Corps recruitment on campus which faced significant opposition from the Student Democratic Society . On March 27, 1972, 50 police officers in "riot gear" defused a demonstration of 150 protesters at 195 Bay State Road, the BU Placement Office, where Marine recruiters were holding student interviews. A few protesters were arrested while some sustained minor injuries, including
16074-436: The presidency of the university to Daniel S. Goldin , former administrator of NASA under presidents George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Goldin was set to take over the job on November 1, 2003, and be officially inaugurated on November 17, though the deal collapsed in the week leading up to his arrival in Boston. The university eventually terminated Goldin's contract at a cost of $ 1.8 million and initiated
16215-403: The rank of associate professor, then become eligible to take the competitive exam for vacant full professorships. In São Paulo state universities, associate professorships and subsequent eligibility to apply for a full professorship are conditioned on the qualification of Livre-docente and requires, in addition to a doctorate, a second thesis or cumulative portfolio of peer-reviewed publications,
16356-466: The requirements regarding proficiency commonly are not strict. The admissions process varies by institution. Some require candidates to take tests while others base admissions on a research proposal application and interview only. In both instances however, a faculty member must agree prior to admission to supervise the applicant. Requirements usually include satisfactory performance in advanced graduate courses, passing an oral qualifying exam and submitting
16497-581: The research context. In 2009 there were 308 professional doctorate programs in the UK, up from 109 in 1998, with the most popular being the EdD (38 institutions), DBA (33), EngD/DEng (22), MD/DM (21), and DClinPsy/DClinPsych/ClinPsyD (17). Similarly, in Australia, the term "professional doctorate" is sometimes applied to the Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (SJD), which, like the UK professional doctorates,
16638-718: The same owners as the Boston Red Sox . "Dirty Water" was included in the influential compilation album Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968 , and is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". Though the song is credited solely to Cobb, band members Dodd, Valentino, and Tamblyn have claimed substantial material-of-fact song composition copyright contributions to it as well as contributing to its arrangement. Boston University Boston University ( BU )
16779-589: The school bought the 15 acres (61,000 m ) of land that had been reclaimed from the river by the Riverfront Improvement Association. Plans for a riverside quadrangle with a Gothic Revival administrative tower modeled on the "Old Boston Stump" in Boston , England were scaled back in the late 1920s when the State Metropolitan District Commission used eminent domain to seize riverfront land for Storrow Drive . Murlin
16920-488: The spring of 1964, Case persuaded university trustees that the university should take over the widely-heard radio station (now a major outlet for National Public Radio and still a BU-owned broadcast facility). The trustees approved the firing of student managers and clamped down on programming and editorial policy, which had been led by Jim Thistle, later a major force in Boston's broadcast news milieu. The on-campus political dispute between Case's conservative administration and
17061-533: The standard qualifying degree in medicine, the MD gave that profession the ability (through the American Medical Association , established in 1847 for this purpose) to set and raise standards for entry into professional practice. In the shape of the German-style PhD, the modern research degree was first awarded in the US in 1861, at Yale University . This differed from the MD in that the latter
17202-484: The student having a supervisor that has agreed to supervise their research, along with the student possessing an honours degree with upper second-class honours or better or a master's degree with a substantial research component. Research doctorates are typically titled Doctor of Philosophy and they are awarded on the basis of an original and significant contribution to knowledge. Professional doctorates are typically titled Doctor of (field of study) and they are awarded on
17343-526: The suddenly active and mostly liberal student body led to other disputes over BU student print publications, such as the B.U. News and the Scarlet , a fraternity association newspaper. The Presidency of John Silber also saw much expansion of the campus and programs. In the late 1970s, the Lahey Clinic vacated its building at 605 Commonwealth Avenue and moved to Burlington, Massachusetts . The vacated building
17484-475: The time—was the only New England lab to have live samples. In August 2020, BU filed a service mark application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to secure the phrase "F*ck It Won't Cut It" for a student-led COVID-19 safety program on campus. The slogan is meant to promote "safe and smart actions and behaviors for college and university students in a COVID-19 environment", according to
17625-482: The torrent of traffic on Storrow Drive has been humorously dubbed "BU Beach", because it is a favorite hangout for sunbathing in good weather. The lounging students are protected from traffic incursions by a raised earthen berm , which also muffles the traffic noise to a dull roar. To protect pedestrians from vehicular collisions, Storrow Drive is enclosed by fencing, with pedestrian bridges allowing safe crossings at Silber Way and at Marsh Chapel. An additional crossing
17766-540: The university eligible for Federal grants, caused other demonstrations. On December 5, 1972, fifteen BU Student Government officers started a three-day hunger strike at Marsh Chapel demanding Silber "to file a lawsuit against the Federal government challenging the constitutionality of the Herbert Amendment." On March 16, 1978, about 900 Boston University students gathered at the George Sherman Union to protest against
17907-597: The university in 1882, was half what it had been in 1872. As a result, the university was unable to build its contemplated campus on Aspinwall Hill, and the land was sold piecemeal as development sites. Street names in the area, including Claflin Road, Claflin Path, and University Road, are the only remaining evidence of university ownership in this area. Following the fire, Boston University established its new facilities in buildings scattered throughout Beacon Hill , and later expanded into
18048-705: The university's 11th president. The university closed down due to the COVID-19 and shifted to online learning for the remainder of the semester on March 11, 2020. For the fall 2020 semester, BU offered a hybrid system that allows for students to decide whether to take a remote class or participate in-person. Larger classes would be broken down into smaller groups that rotate between online and in-person sessions. The school started administering its own COVID-19 testing for faculty, staff, and students on July 27, 2020. The new BU Clinical Testing Laboratory has accelerated testing that can give results to students, staff, and faculty by
18189-425: The university's School of Medicine in 1897, became the first black psychiatrist in the United States and would make significant contributions to the study of Alzheimer's disease . Seeking to unify a geographically scattered school and enable it to participate in the development of the city, school president Lemuel Murlin arranged that the school buy the present campus along the Charles River . Between 1920 and 1928,
18330-672: The university. On April 24–25, 1839, a group of Methodist ministers and laymen at the Old Bromfield Street Church in Boston elected to establish a Methodist theological school. Set up in Newbury, Vermont , the school was named the "Newbury Biblical Institute". In 1847, the Congregational Society in Concord, New Hampshire , invited the institute to relocate to Concord and offered a disused Congregational church building with
18471-460: The various FAP's ( Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa ) at the state level, especially FAPESP in the state of São Paulo , FAPERJ in the state of Rio de Janeiro and FAPEMIG in the state of Minas Gerais . Competition for graduate financial aid is intense and most scholarships support at most 2 years of Master's studies and 4 years of doctoral studies. The normal monthly stipend for doctoral students in Brazil
18612-504: The virus that causes COVID-19 with the spike proteins of the Omicron variant. This resulted in a virus that was more lethal to lab mice than the Omicron variant itself, but less lethal than the original strain. Some medical authorities criticized the research as dangerous " gain of function " research, but others argued that it did not technically count as gain of function research because the modified virus happened not to be quite as lethal as
18753-473: Was a condition for attaining full professorship; it is no longer required per se for any positions, but is considered amply equivalent to the ph.d. when applying for academic positions. In Egypt, the highest degree doctorate is awarded by Al-Azhar University est. 970, which grants ( العالمية Ālimiyya\ Habilitation ). The Medical doctorate (abbreviated as M.D.) is equivalent to the Ph.D. degree. To earn an M.D. in
18894-493: Was a vocational " professional degree " that trained students to apply or practice knowledge rather than generate it, similar to other students in vocational schools or institutes. In the UK, research doctorates initially took higher doctorates in Science and Letters, first introduced at Durham University in 1882. The PhD spread to the UK from the US via Canada and was instituted at all British universities from 1917. The first (titled
19035-454: Was awarded in medieval Paris around 1150 by the University of Paris. George Makdisi theorizes that the ijazah issued in early Islamic madrasahs was the origin of the doctorate later issued in medieval European universities . Alfred Guillaume and Syed Farid al-Attas agree that there is a resemblance between the ijazah and the licentia docendi . However, Toby Huff and others reject Makdisi's theory. Devin J. Stewart notes
19176-570: Was covered by publications including Bloomberg , The Boston Globe , and CBS News which praised the building for being the largest carbon-neutral building in Boston and noted its unusual design. A ribbon cutting ceremony was performed by Boston Mayor Michelle Wu , President Robert A. Brown , the associate provost for computing and data sciences Azer Bestavros , dean of Arts & Sciences Stan Sclaroff, BU Board of Trustees chair Ahmass Fakahany , BU provost Jean Morrison , and Boston city councilor Kenzie Bok . In 2018, following negotiations in
19317-487: Was funded by part of BU's largest ever gift, a $ 115 million donation from Rajen Kilachand . The Dahod Family Alumni Center in the renovated BU Castle began in May 2017 and was completed in fall 2018. Development of the university's existing housing stock has included significant renovations to BU's oldest dorm, 610 Beacon Street (formerly Myles Standish Hall ) and Annex, and to Kilachand Hall , formerly known as Shelton Hall, and
19458-484: Was never able to build the new campus, but his successor, Daniel L. Marsh , led a series of fundraising campaigns (interrupted by both the Great Depression and World War II ) that helped Marsh to achieve his dream and to gradually fill in the university's new campus. By spring 1936, the student body included 10,384 men and women. In 1951, Harold C. Case became the school's fifth president and under his direction
19599-531: Was purchased by BU to house the School of Education . After arriving from the University of Texas in 1971, Silber set out to remake the university into a global center for research by recruiting star faculty. Two of his faculty "stars", Elie Wiesel and Derek Walcott , won Nobel Prizes shortly after Silber recruited them. Two others, Saul Bellow and Sheldon Glashow won Nobel Prizes before Silber recruited them. In addition to recruiting new scholars, Silber expanded
19740-424: Was taken against the students who only opened the chains after their demands were met. "There was no surprise, or feeling of victory on the students' parts," said Christ-Janer in response to the sit-in. "They had confidence in their demands, and I had a confidence in them. The university, black and white alike, was the winner." The late twentieth century saw a culmination in student activism at Boston University during
19881-628: Was then Governor of Massachusetts and signed the University Charter on May 26, 1869, after it was passed by the Legislature. As reported by Kathleen Kilgore in her book Transformations, A History of Boston University (see Further reading ), the founders directed the inclusion in the Charter of the following provision, unusual for its time: Every department of the new university was also open to all on an equal footing regardless of sex, race, or (with
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