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70-559: DEN's goal was to deliver original episodic video content over the Internet aimed at niche audiences. DEN was one of a crop of dot-com startups that focused on the creation and delivery of original video content online in the late 1990s prior to wide adoption of broadband internet access. In May 1999, DEN announced that their business model had earned them $ 26 million USD in investments from Microsoft , Dell , Chase Capital Partners , and others. In September 1999, Microsoft announced that DEN

140-409: A band-pass filter , a communication channel , or a signal spectrum . Baseband bandwidth is equal to the upper cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter or baseband signal, which includes a zero frequency. Bandwidth in hertz is a central concept in many fields, including electronics , information theory , digital communications , radio communications , signal processing , and spectroscopy and

210-464: A baseband signal which is bound to the lowest end of the spectrum, see line coding ), it is still occupying a single channel. The key difference is that what is typically considered a broadband signal in this sense is a signal that occupies multiple (non-masking, orthogonal ) passbands, thus allowing for much higher throughput over a single medium but with additional complexity in the transmitter/receiver circuitry. The term became popularized through

280-419: A transition band the gain is not specified. In this case, the filter bandwidth corresponds to the passband width, which in this example is the 1 dB-bandwidth. If the filter shows amplitude ripple within the passband, the x  dB point refers to the point where the gain is x  dB below the nominal passband gain rather than x  dB below the maximum gain. In signal processing and control theory

350-484: A Punk Planet , which targeted punks, included Joe Escalante from The Vandals in the cast, and shared a name with the band's 1990 album . DEN became indicative of excess in the era of the dot-com bubble , with high pay for executives while not generating any revenues and very little traffic. In October 1999, a young man from New Jersey identified only as Jake W. filed a lawsuit alleging that Collins-Rector had sexually molested him for 3 years beginning in 1993 when he

420-495: A broadband network can be classified according to three characteristics: Cellular networks utilize various standards for data transmission, including 5G which can support one million separate devices per square kilometer. The types of traffic found in a broadband network (with examples) and their respective requirements are summarised in Table 1. Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal using

490-449: A diversity of services (multi-services). The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was planned to provide these characteristics. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was promoted as a target technology for meeting these requirements. Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times. Its origin is in physics, acoustics , and radio systems engineering, where it had been used with

560-413: A meaning similar to " wideband ", or in the context of audio noise reduction systems , where it indicated a single-band rather than a multiple-audio-band system design of the compander . Later, with the advent of digital telecommunications , the term was mainly used for transmission over multiple channels . Whereas a passband signal is also modulated so that it occupies higher frequencies (compared to

630-441: A medium's full bandwidth using its baseband (from zero through the highest frequency needed). Most versions of the popular Ethernet family are given names, such as the original 1980s 10BASE5 , to indicate this. Networks that use cable modems on standard cable television infrastructure are called broadband to indicate the wide range of frequencies that can include multiple data users as well as traditional television channels on

700-472: A synonym for wideband . "Broadband" in analog video distribution is traditionally used to refer to systems such as cable television , where the individual channels are modulated on carriers at fixed frequencies. In this context, baseband is the term's antonym , referring to a single channel of analog video, typically in composite form with separate baseband audio . The act of demodulating converts broadband video to baseband video. Fiber optic allows

770-435: A system of frequency response H ( f ) {\displaystyle H(f)} is the bandwidth of an ideal filter with rectangular frequency response centered on the system's central frequency that produces the same average power outgoing H ( f ) {\displaystyle H(f)} when both systems are excited with a white noise source. The value of the noise equivalent bandwidth depends on

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840-475: A wide band of frequencies. "Broadband" is a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider (or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the data-carrying capacity, given the same channel quality. In radio , for example, a very narrow band will carry Morse code , a broader band will carry speech, and a still broader band will carry music without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction . This broad band

910-420: A wide range of complexity and quality of audio reproduction. Similarly, full motion video signals may be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 Mbit/s to hundreds of Mbit/s. Thus a network transporting both video and audio signals may have to integrate traffic with a very broad range of bit-rates. Traditionally, different telecommunications services were carried via separate networks: voice on

980-631: Is a less meaningful measure in wideband applications. A percent bandwidth of 100% corresponds to a ratio bandwidth of 3:1. All higher ratios up to infinity are compressed into the range 100–200%. Ratio bandwidth is often expressed in octaves (i.e., as a frequency level ) for wideband applications. An octave is a frequency ratio of 2:1 leading to this expression for the number of octaves, log 2 ⁡ ( B R ) . {\displaystyle \log _{2}\left(B_{\mathrm {R} }\right).} The noise equivalent bandwidth (or equivalent noise bandwidth (enbw) ) of

1050-440: Is also used in spectral width , and more generally for the extent of functions as full width at half maximum (FWHM). In electronic filter design, a filter specification may require that within the filter passband , the gain is nominally 0 dB with a small variation, for example within the ±1 dB interval. In the stopband (s), the required attenuation in decibels is above a certain level, for example >100 dB. In

1120-458: Is also used to denote system bandwidth , for example in filter or communication channel systems. To say that a system has a certain bandwidth means that the system can process signals with that range of frequencies, or that the system reduces the bandwidth of a white noise input to that bandwidth. The 3 dB bandwidth of an electronic filter or communication channel is the part of the system's frequency response that lies within 3 dB of

1190-462: Is converted to a non-loaded twisted-pair wire (no telephone filters), it becomes hundreds of kilohertz wide (broadband) and can carry up to 100 megabits per second using very high-bit rate digital subscriber line ( VDSL or VHDSL) techniques. Modern networks have to carry integrated traffic consisting of voice, video and data. The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was designed for these needs. The types of traffic supported by

1260-449: Is defined as the ratio of the upper and lower limits of the band, B R = f H f L . {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {R} }={\frac {f_{\mathrm {H} }}{f_{\mathrm {L} }}}\,.} Ratio bandwidth may be notated as B R : 1 {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {R} }:1} . The relationship between ratio bandwidth and fractional bandwidth

1330-490: Is given by, B F = 2 B R − 1 B R + 1 {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {F} }=2{\frac {B_{\mathrm {R} }-1}{B_{\mathrm {R} }+1}}} and B R = 2 + B F 2 − B F . {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {R} }={\frac {2+B_{\mathrm {F} }}{2-B_{\mathrm {F} }}}\,.} Percent bandwidth

1400-408: Is half its maximum value (or the spectral amplitude, in V {\displaystyle \mathrm {V} } or V / H z {\displaystyle \mathrm {V/{\sqrt {Hz}}} } , is 70.7% of its maximum). This figure, with a lower threshold value, can be used in calculations of the lowest sampling rate that will satisfy the sampling theorem . The bandwidth

1470-592: Is inconsequentially larger. For wideband applications they diverge substantially with the arithmetic mean version approaching 2 in the limit and the geometric mean version approaching infinity. Fractional bandwidth is sometimes expressed as a percentage of the center frequency ( percent bandwidth , % B {\displaystyle \%B} ), % B F = 100 Δ f f C . {\displaystyle \%B_{\mathrm {F} }=100{\frac {\Delta f}{f_{\mathrm {C} }}}\,.} Ratio bandwidth

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1540-508: Is often divided into channels or "frequency bins" using passband techniques to allow frequency-division multiplexing instead of sending a higher-quality signal. In data communications, a 56k modem will transmit a data rate of 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s) over a 4-kilohertz-wide telephone line (narrowband or voiceband ). In the late 1980s, the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) used

1610-459: Is often quoted relative to the frequency of operation which gives a better indication of the structure and sophistication needed for the circuit or device under consideration. There are two different measures of relative bandwidth in common use: fractional bandwidth ( B F {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {F} }} ) and ratio bandwidth ( B R {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {R} }} ). In

1680-526: Is one of the determinants of the capacity of a given communication channel . A key characteristic of bandwidth is that any band of a given width can carry the same amount of information , regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum . For example, a 3 kHz band can carry a telephone conversation whether that band is at baseband (as in a POTS telephone line) or modulated to some higher frequency. However, wide bandwidths are easier to obtain and process at higher frequencies because

1750-476: Is the ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a local area network up to 1 Gigabit/s (which is considered high-speed as of 2014) using existing home business and home wiring (including power lines, but also phone lines and coaxial cables ). In 2014, researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology made developments on the creation of ultra-shallow broadband optical instruments . In

1820-480: Is the total bandwidth (i.e. the maximum passband bandwidth of the carrier-modulated RF signal and the minimum passband bandwidth of the physical passband channel), and W {\displaystyle W} is the positive bandwidth (the baseband bandwidth of the equivalent channel model). For instance, the baseband model of the signal would require a low-pass filter with cutoff frequency of at least W {\displaystyle W} to stay intact, and

1890-414: Is the wide- bandwidth data transmission that exploits signals at a wide spread of frequencies or several different simultaneous frequencies, and is used in fast Internet access . The transmission medium can be coaxial cable , optical fiber , wireless Internet ( radio ), twisted pair cable, or satellite . Originally used to mean 'using a wide-spread frequency' and for services that were analog at

1960-620: Is usually defined as the arithmetic mean of the upper and lower frequencies so that, f C = f H + f L 2   {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {C} }={\frac {f_{\mathrm {H} }+f_{\mathrm {L} }}{2}}\ } and B F = 2 ( f H − f L ) f H + f L . {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {F} }={\frac {2(f_{\mathrm {H} }-f_{\mathrm {L} })}{f_{\mathrm {H} }+f_{\mathrm {L} }}}\,.} However,

2030-540: The § Fractional bandwidth is smaller. Bandwidth is a key concept in many telecommunications applications. In radio communications, for example, bandwidth is the frequency range occupied by a modulated carrier signal . An FM radio receiver's tuner spans a limited range of frequencies. A government agency (such as the Federal Communications Commission in the United States) may apportion

2100-572: The 1990s as a marketing term for Internet access that was faster than dial-up access (dial-up being typically limited to a maximum of 56 kbit/s). This meaning is only distantly related to its original technical meaning. Since 1999, broadband Internet access has been a factor in public policy . In that year, at the World Trade Organization Biannual Conference called “ Financial Solutions to Digital Divide ” in Seattle,

2170-673: The FCC in December 2017. A number of national and international regulators categorize broadband connections according to upload and download speeds, stated in Mbit/s ( megabits per second ). In Australia, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission also requires Internet Service Providers to quote speed during night time and busy hours Bandwidth has historically been very unequally distributed worldwide with increasing concentration in

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2240-573: The bandwidth is the frequency at which the closed-loop system gain drops 3 dB below peak. In communication systems, in calculations of the Shannon–Hartley channel capacity , bandwidth refers to the 3 dB-bandwidth. In calculations of the maximum symbol rate , the Nyquist sampling rate , and maximum bit rate according to the Hartley's law , the bandwidth refers to the frequency range within which

2310-585: The center frequency is sometimes defined as the geometric mean of the upper and lower frequencies, f C = f H f L {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {C} }={\sqrt {f_{\mathrm {H} }f_{\mathrm {L} }}}} and B F = f H − f L f H f L . {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {F} }={\frac {f_{\mathrm {H} }-f_{\mathrm {L} }}{\sqrt {f_{\mathrm {H} }f_{\mathrm {L} }}}}\,.} While

2380-661: The company and relaunch in May 2000, DEN filed for bankruptcy and shut down in June 2000. DEN produced and distributed a number of programs aimed at specific young male demographics. That included Chad's World , which targeted gay viewers and included Seann William Scott in the cast, Tales from the Eastside , which targeted Latinos, The Chang Gang , which targeted Asians, Redemption High which starred Judge Reinhold and targeted Christians, Frat Ratz , which targeted frat boys, and Fear of

2450-582: The connection and media requests of a multipoint, multimedia communication call. A multirate service network is one which flexibly allocates transmission capacity to connections. A multimedia network has to support a broad range of bit-rates demanded by connections, not only because there are many communication media, but also because a communication medium may be encoded by algorithms with different bit-rates. For example, audio signals can be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 kbit/s to hundreds of kbit/s, using different encoding algorithms with

2520-464: The context of Internet access , the term "broadband" is used loosely to mean "access that is always on and faster than the traditional dial-up access". A range of more precise definitions of speed have been prescribed at times, including: Broadband Internet service in the United States was effectively treated or managed as a public utility by net neutrality rules until being overturned by

2590-402: The context of Nyquist symbol rate or Shannon-Hartley channel capacity for communication systems it refers to passband bandwidth. The Rayleigh bandwidth of a simple radar pulse is defined as the inverse of its duration. For example, a one-microsecond pulse has a Rayleigh bandwidth of one megahertz. The essential bandwidth is defined as the portion of a signal spectrum in

2660-515: The digital age. Historically only 10 countries have hosted 70–75% of the global telecommunication capacity (see pie-chart Figure on the right). In 2014, only three countries (China, the US, and Japan) host 50% of the globally installed telecommunication bandwidth potential. The U.S. lost its global leadership in terms of installed bandwidth in 2011, being replaced by China, which hosts more than twice as much national bandwidth potential in 2014 (29% versus 13% of

2730-779: The economy of sharing. This economy motivates the general idea of an integrated services network. Integration avoids the need for many overlaying networks, which complicates network management and reduces flexibility in the introduction and evolution of services. This integration was made possible with advances in broadband technologies and high-speed information processing of the 1990s. While multiple network structures were capable of supporting broadband services, an ever-increasing percentage of broadband and MSO providers opted for fibre-optic network structures to support both present and future bandwidth requirements. CATV (cable television), HDTV (high definition television), VoIP (voice over internet protocol), and broadband internet are some of

2800-420: The fact that the 10PASS-TS standard for Ethernet ratified in 2008 used DSL technology, and both cable and DSL modems often have Ethernet connectors on them. A television antenna may be described as "broadband" because it is capable of receiving a wide range of channels, while e.g. a low-VHF antenna is "narrowband" since it receives only 1 to 5 channels. The U.S. federal standard FS-1037C defines "broadband" as

2870-404: The following, the absolute bandwidth is defined as follows, B = Δ f = f H − f L {\displaystyle B=\Delta f=f_{\mathrm {H} }-f_{\mathrm {L} }} where f H {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {H} }} and f L {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {L} }} are

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2940-470: The frequencies beyond which performance is degraded. In the case of frequency response , degradation could, for example, mean more than 3  dB below the maximum value or it could mean below a certain absolute value. As with any definition of the width of a function, many definitions are suitable for different purposes. In the context of, for example, the sampling theorem and Nyquist sampling rate , bandwidth typically refers to baseband bandwidth. In

3010-1274: The frequency domain using H ( f ) {\displaystyle H(f)} or in the time domain by exploiting the Parseval's theorem with the system impulse response h ( t ) {\displaystyle h(t)} . If H ( f ) {\displaystyle H(f)} is a lowpass system with zero central frequency and the filter reference gain is referred to this frequency, then: B n = ∫ − ∞ ∞ | H ( f ) | 2 d f 2 | H ( 0 ) | 2 = ∫ − ∞ ∞ | h ( t ) | 2 d t 2 | ∫ − ∞ ∞ h ( t ) d t | 2 . {\displaystyle B_{n}={\frac {\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }|H(f)|^{2}df}{2|H(0)|^{2}}}={\frac {\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }|h(t)|^{2}dt}{2\left|\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }h(t)dt\right|^{2}}}\,.} The same expression can be applied to bandpass systems by substituting

3080-459: The frequency domain which contains most of the energy of the signal. In some contexts, the signal bandwidth in hertz refers to the frequency range in which the signal's spectral density (in W/Hz or V /Hz) is nonzero or above a small threshold value. The threshold value is often defined relative to the maximum value, and is most commonly the 3 dB point , that is the point where the spectral density

3150-428: The gain is non-zero. The fact that in equivalent baseband models of communication systems, the signal spectrum consists of both negative and positive frequencies, can lead to confusion about bandwidth since they are sometimes referred to only by the positive half, and one will occasionally see expressions such as B = 2 W {\displaystyle B=2W} , where B {\displaystyle B}

3220-406: The geometric mean is more rarely used than the arithmetic mean (and the latter can be assumed if not stated explicitly) the former is considered more mathematically rigorous. It more properly reflects the logarithmic relationship of fractional bandwidth with increasing frequency. For narrowband applications, there is only marginal difference between the two definitions. The geometric mean version

3290-414: The global total). Nation specific: Bandwidth (signal processing) Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous band of frequencies . It is typically measured in unit of hertz (symbol Hz). It may refer more specifically to two subcategories: Passband bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example,

3360-418: The ideal filter reference gain used. Typically, this gain equals | H ( f ) | {\displaystyle |H(f)|} at its center frequency, but it can also equal the peak value of | H ( f ) | {\displaystyle |H(f)|} . The noise equivalent bandwidth B n {\displaystyle B_{n}} can be calculated in

3430-402: The information generated by other media. For example, voice could be transcribed into data via voice recognition, and data commands may control the way voice and video are presented. These interactions most often occur at the communication terminals, but may also occur within the network. Traditional voice calls are predominantly two party calls, requiring a point-to-point connection using only

3500-549: The information into the system. However, "broadband video" in the context of streaming Internet video has come to mean video files that have bit-rates high enough to require broadband Internet access for viewing. "Broadband video" is also sometimes used to describe IPTV Video on demand . Power lines have also been used for various types of data communication. Although some systems for remote control are based on narrowband signaling, modern high-speed systems use broadband signaling to achieve very high data rates. One example

3570-413: The lowest level, nowadays in the context of Internet access , 'broadband' is often used to mean any high-speed Internet access that is seemingly always 'on' and is faster than dial-up access over traditional analog or ISDN PSTN services. The ideal telecommunication network has the following characteristics: broadband , multi-media , multi-point , multi-rate and economical implementation for

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3640-412: The most common applications now being supported by fibre optic networks, in some cases directly to the home (FTTh – Fibre To The Home). These types of fibre optic networks incorporate a wide variety of products to support and distribute the signal from the central office to an optic node, and ultimately to the subscriber (end-user). In telecommunications , a broadband signalling method is one that handles

3710-461: The other hand, data networks which store and forward messages using computers had limited connectivity, usually did not have sufficient bandwidth for digitised voice and video signals, and suffer from unacceptable delays for the real-time signals. Television networks using radio or cables were largely broadcast networks with minimum switching facilities. It was desirable to have a single network for providing all these communication services to achieve

3780-437: The physical passband channel would require a passband filter of at least B {\displaystyle B} to stay intact. The absolute bandwidth is not always the most appropriate or useful measure of bandwidth. For instance, in the field of antennas the difficulty of constructing an antenna to meet a specified absolute bandwidth is easier at a higher frequency than at a lower frequency. For this reason, bandwidth

3850-610: The plaintiffs, indicates that the lawsuit was settled confidentially but the three were reportedly awarded $ 2,000,030 in a judgment and $ 1 million in accrued interest in 2011. A renewal of judgment was filed in November 2019 against Collins-Rector and Shackley, citing an additional $ 4.8 million in accrued interest. The controversy and turmoil caused by the allegations led DEN to withdraw its IPO and subsequently filed for bankruptcy in August 2000. In 2014, Michael F. Egan III filed suit, alleging he

3920-580: The present overcrowded radio spectrum. A modern telecommunications network (such as the broadband network) must provide all these different services ( multi-services ) to the user. Conventional telephony communication used: Modern services can be: These aspects are examined individually in the following three sub-sections. A multimedia call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video , or any combination of these media. Each medium has different demands for communication quality, such as: The information content of each medium may affect

3990-444: The regionally available bandwidth to broadcast license holders so that their signals do not mutually interfere. In this context, bandwidth is also known as channel spacing . For other applications, there are other definitions. One definition of bandwidth, for a system, could be the range of frequencies over which the system produces a specified level of performance. A less strict and more practically useful definition will refer to

4060-399: The response at its peak, which, in the passband filter case, is typically at or near its center frequency , and in the low-pass filter is at or near its cutoff frequency . If the maximum gain is 0 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is the frequency range where attenuation is less than 3 dB. 3 dB attenuation is also where power is half its maximum. This same half-power gain convention

4130-493: The same cable. Broadband systems usually use a different radio frequency modulated by the data signal for each band. The total bandwidth of the medium is larger than the bandwidth of any channel. The 10BROAD36 broadband variant of Ethernet was standardized by 1985, but was not commercially successful. The DOCSIS standard became available to consumers in the late 1990s, to provide Internet access to cable television residential customers. Matters were further confused by

4200-413: The signal to be transmitted farther without being repeated. Cable companies use a hybrid system using fiber to transmit the signal to neighborhoods and then changes the signal from light to radio frequency to be transmitted over coaxial cable to homes. Doing so reduces the use of having multiple head ends. A head end gathers all the information from the local cable networks and movie channels and then feeds

4270-410: The telephone network, data on computer networks such as local area networks , video teleconferencing on private corporate networks, and television on broadcast radio or cable networks. These networks were largely engineered for a specific application and are not suited to other applications. For example, the traditional telephone network is too noisy and inefficient for bursty data communication. On

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4340-438: The term to refer to a broad range of bit rates , independent of physical modulation details. The various forms of digital subscriber line (DSL) services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over multiple channels. Each channel is at a higher frequency than the baseband voice channel, so it can support plain old telephone service on a single pair of wires at the same time. However, when that same line

4410-444: The term “Meaningful Broadband” was introduced to the world leaders, leading to the activation of a movement to close the digital divide . Fundamental aspects of this movement are to suggest that the equitable distribution of broadband is a fundamental human right. Personal computing facilitated easy access, manipulation, storage, and exchange of information, and required reliable data transmission. Communicating documents by images and

4480-451: The upper and lower frequency limits respectively of the band in question. Fractional bandwidth is defined as the absolute bandwidth divided by the center frequency ( f C {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {C} }} ), B F = Δ f f C . {\displaystyle B_{\mathrm {F} }={\frac {\Delta f}{f_{\mathrm {C} }}}\,.} The center frequency

4550-412: The use of high-resolution graphics terminals provided a more natural and informative mode of human interaction than do voice and data alone. Video teleconferencing enhances group interaction at a distance. High-definition entertainment video improves the quality of pictures, but requires much higher transmission rates. These new data transmission requirements may require new transmission means other than

4620-556: The voice medium. To access pictorial information in a remote database would require a point-to-point connection that sends low bit-rate queries to the database and high bit-rate video from the database. Entertainment video applications are largely point-to-multi-point connections, requiring one way communication of full motion video and audio from the program source to the viewers. Video teleconferencing involves connections among many parties, communicating voice, video, as well as data. Offering future services thus requires flexible management of

4690-518: Was 13-years-old. The lawsuit was filed just prior to DEN's scheduled IPO, causing concern among potential investors. and leading to the resignations of Collins-Rector, Shackley, and Pierce, leaving Ritts in charge In July 2000, Alex Burton, then an 18-year-old DEN actor, Mark Ryan, a second DEN employee, and an unnamed third plaintiff who was 15 years old at the time, filed suit against Collins-Rector, Shackley and Pierce, alleging rape, assault, and death threats. Attorney Jacob Arash Shahbaz, who represented

4760-543: Was one of their partners in the Windows Media Broadband Jumpstart initiative, focusing on the creation of video and audio entertainment for the Windows Media format for high-speed connections. By 1999, the company was reportedly valued at $ 58,500,000 USD and included former Walt Disney Television President David Neuman, Garth Ancier , David Geffen , Gary Goddard , and Bryan Singer as investors. DEN

4830-485: Was sexually assaulted by Goddard, Singer, Neuman, and Ancier at parties hosted by DEN executives but the suits against Neuman and Ancier were dropped. Ancier sued Egan and his attorneys, with the attorneys ultimately apologizing to Ancier and Neuman, saying the allegations were false. Following the bankruptcy of DEN, the company's trustee alleged possible fraudulent sale of assets prior to its bankruptcy. Broadband In telecommunications , broadband or high speed

4900-559: Was slated for a $ 75 million USD IPO in October 1999 but the IPO was withdrawn in the wake of allegations of child rape against Collins-Rector, Shackley, and fellow executive Brock Pierce . All three executives subsequently resigned. Layoffs followed in February 2000. While a new executive team led by former Capitol Records President Gary Gersh and former Microsoft executive Greg Carpenter tried to salvage

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