Forbes Avenue is one of the longest streets in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States. It runs along an east–west route for a length of approximately 7 mi (11 km).
92-450: According to historical writer and blogger Leon J. Pollom, the lowest section of Forbes Avenue was originally named Diamond Street. The remainder was named Forbes Street in honor of John Forbes (1707–1759), whose expedition recaptured Fort Duquesne and who renamed the place Pittsburgh in 1758. In 1958 during the administration of Mayor David L. Lawrence , Diamond Street and Forbes Street were renamed and combined as Forbes Avenue. In
184-571: A (fortified) hill, and is assumed to be referring to the rocky outcrop at the site of Malcolm Canmore's Tower in Pittencrieff Glen (now Pittencrieff Park ). The rest of the name is problematic. The second element, the "ferm" may have been an alternative name for the Tower Burn according to a medieval record published in 1455 which, together with the Lyne Burn to the south, suggests the site of
276-476: A 15-year period. Fife Council have begun drafting plans for an expansion of a similar scale on Dunfermline's south-west, west and north sides, which will see the creation of 4,000 homes, a new high school and three new primary schools in the first phase. Today, Dunfermline is the main centre for the West Fife area, and is also considered to be a dormitory town for Edinburgh. The town has shopping facilities,
368-642: A 93,000 m (1,000,000 sq ft) fulfilment warehouse in the east of the town adjacent to the M90 motorway. This development has created over 750 jobs and is the company's largest warehouse in the UK. The Newcastle based, Shepherd Offshore Group also plan to erect a renewables hub near the Halbeath Interchange, off the M90 on a 6-hectare (15-acre) former Hyundai / Motorola 'white elephant' factory. The demolition of
460-513: A commission to resolve territorial disputes between British and French colonies in North America, including the Ohio Country , French Acadia and Nova Scotia . Neither side was willing to make concessions, which led to the 1754-1763 French and Indian War ; in 1755, an expedition under General Braddock to capture Fort Duquesne ended in a disastrous defeat. When the global conflict known as
552-505: A fortification between these two watercourses. The first record of a settlement in the Dunfermline area was in the Neolithic period. This evidence includes finds of a stone axe, some flint arrowheads and a carved stone ball near the town. A cropmark which is understood to have been used as a possible mortuary enclosure has been found at Deanpark House, also near the town. By the time of
644-534: A major public park, a main college campus at Halbeath and an-out-of-town leisure park with a multiplex cinema and a number of restaurants. The online retailer Amazon.com has opened a major distribution centre in the Duloch Park area of Dunfermline. As part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours , it was announced on 20 May 2022 that Dunfermline would be awarded city status . It was formally awarded
736-530: A new road from the Pennsylvania frontier, since it required fewer river crossings than that used by Braddock, which followed a trail cut in 1752 by the Virginia-based Ohio Company . The decision led to protests from his Virginian officers, many of whom were investors in the company, including two of Washington's brothers. As a compromise, Forbes agreed to improve Braddock's original road, but use
828-429: A restoration programme undertaken by Sir Robert Lorimer between 1911 and 1913. Work on the building was completed in 2010 to repair and reharl the property, restoring the original ochre-coloured limewash exterior. The project was funded through the £1.7 million Dunfermline Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS) under a partnership between Fife Council and Historic Scotland. A number of stately homes also exist on
920-412: A total population of 39,229 representing 11.2% of Fife's total population. By the time of the 2011 Census , the population of Dunfermline had risen considerably to 49,706 and has again increased up to 50,380 in 2012. There are 21,620 households in Dunfermline, 70.7% of which were owned. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms
1012-460: Is calculated at £363 for the area. Recent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) figures indicate that the most deprived datazone in Dunfermline is Abbeyview North which is ranked as being one of the 5% most deprived areas in Scotland. The Headwell, Touch and Woodmill areas in Dunfermline fall within the 5–10% banding. Baldridgeburn, Brucefield and Halbeath areas are identified as being within
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#17328547712631104-635: Is named in his memory. Dunfermline Dunfermline ( / d ʌ n ˈ f ɜːr m l ɪ n / ; Scots : Dunfaurlin , Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Phàrlain ) is a city, parish, and former royal burgh in Fife, Scotland , 3 miles (5 km) from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth . Dunfermline was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of Scotland between the 11th and 15th centuries. The earliest known settlements around Dunfermline probably date to
1196-458: Is now Priory Lane; to 90 to 101 metres (295 to 331 ft) up the High Street, from west to east; to 92 to 105 metres (302 to 344 ft) between Bruce Street and Queen Anne Street from south to north. Temperatures in Dunfermline, much like the rest of Scotland, are relatively moderate given its northern latitude. Fife is a peninsula, between the Firth of Tay to the north, Firth of Forth to
1288-514: The Agricultural Revolution gathered pace the demand for lime (for improving land) increased the requirement for coal to burn it. Salt panning too required coal in large quantities, and the early outcrops near the Firth of Forth became exhausted, forcing the extraction to take place further inland. Many of the sites were within the present-day limits of Dunfermline. The increasing distance of
1380-568: The Alhambra on Canmore Street. Carnegie Hall hosts a range of theatrical and musical productions including an annual Christmas show. The Music Institute, adjacent to the Hall also provides workshops, classes and children's groups. The Alhambra, which opened in 1922, originally served as a dual-purpose role hosting both theatrical productions and films. In 2008, the theatre re-opened as a theatre and live music venue. Since 1938, Dunfermline has also been home to
1472-597: The Bronze Age , the area was beginning to show some importance. Important finds included a bronze axe in Wellwood and a gold torc from the Parish Churchyard. Cist burials from the Bronze Age have also been discovered at both Crossford and Masterton, the latter of which contains a pair of armlets, a bronze dagger and a set necklace believed to have complemented a double burial. The first historic record for Dunfermline
1564-577: The Craigkelly or Black Hill TV transmitters. Radio West Fife is one of the oldest hospital radio stations in Scotland which broadcasts by landline to the Queen Margaret Hospital in the city. The town is also served by nation-wide radio stations, BBC Radio Scotland , Forth 1 , Kingdom FM and Greatest Hits Radio Scotland . The Dunfermline Press is the town's weekly local newspaper. The official guide to Dunfermline looked after by
1656-463: The Neolithic period, growing by the Bronze Age . The city was first recorded in the 11th century, with the marriage of Malcolm III of Scotland , and Saint Margaret at Dunfermline. As Queen consort , Margaret established a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity , which evolved into Dunfermline Abbey under their son David I in 1128, and became firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum for
1748-518: The Palace in 1540. Along Abbot Street is the Category B listed Dunfermline Carnegie Library which was built between 1881 and 1883. This library was the first in the world to be funded via donations by steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie . A total of 2,811 free public libraries were eventually built altogether. At the top of Moodie Street is the Category B listed handloom weavers' cottage,
1840-542: The Scottish Crown . A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here between 1093 and 1420 including Robert the Bruce in 1329. By the 18th century, Dunfermline became a regional economic powerhouse with the introduction of the linen industry , and produced industrialists including Andrew Carnegie . Dunfermline was awarded city status as part of Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours in 2022. Today,
1932-702: The Seven Years' War began in 1756, James Campbell's nephew, the Earl of Loudoun , was appointed Commander-in-Chief, North America and Governor General of Virginia . In early 1757, Forbes was in Southern England, training a 'light company' of the Scots Greys for attacks on the French coast. In March, he was promoted colonel of the 17th Foot , part of a force of 5,400 sent to Novia Scotia for an attempt on Louisbourg. Following
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#17328547712632024-614: The Uptown . In Oakland , it goes through a mixture of late 19th century stores, and then passes the University of Pittsburgh's Cathedral of Learning (early 20th century) and the late 19th century Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh . From Oakland, Forbes Avenue continues eastward past 20th- and 21st- century Carnegie Mellon University and late 19th century Schenley Park , through the small stores of Squirrel Hill , and past Homewood Cemetery and Frick Park before it reaches its eastern terminus at
2116-421: The downtown part of the city. This runs eastward past the recent PPG Place , directly through Market Square and then between the 19th century Courthouse and the 20th century City-County Building . Duquesne University , though established in the 19th century, mostly abuts Forbes with some early- to mid-20th century buildings. Some mostly late-19th century buildings form Forbes's passage through Midtown and
2208-538: The 'Kinema Ballroom' a ballroom/dancehall which has evolved into a famous live music performance venue and nightclub which has hosted many internationally acclaimed artists. Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club, Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band. The venue is now a world buffet restaurant. Dunfermline Fire Station, a category B listed building, is an arts venue, cafe and studio space. Television signals are received from either
2300-452: The 10–15%, 15–20% banding of most deprived communities in Scotland. At June 2017 there was a recorded 539 Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) claimants in the Dunfermline area representing a 1.4% rate which was lower than the Fife and Scottish averages. From about the fifteenth century coal and limestone had been extracted in the area around Dunfermline, at first on a very small and localised scale. As
2392-629: The 163,000 jobs in Fife. Wholesale and Retail (over 18% of local jobs) Health and Social Work (over 15% of local jobs) and Information and Communication (over 10% of local jobs) are the predominant sectors in the local economy. There are also moderate instances of employment in finance, manufacturing, food services and accommodation. Key local employers include Best Western (hotels), Sky UK ( home entertainment and communications ), CR Smith (windows manufacturing), FMC Technologies ( offshore energy ), Lloyds and Nationwide (both financial services). In November 2011 online retailer Amazon.com opened
2484-501: The Abbey would also become firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum of the Scottish Crown . A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here from Queen Margaret in 1093 to Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany in 1420. During the Wars of Scottish Independence , Robert The Bruce insisted as early as 1314 that he wanted to be buried in the royal mausoleum in Dunfermline. This
2576-730: The Apiaries of the Monastery. The memorial lists 632 of those killed in the First World War and another 275 in the Second World War. To the north of the abbey, on the corner of Maygate and Abbot Street, is the Category A listed Abbot House . This is the oldest secular building still standing in Dunfermline. The house was originally built in the mid-fifteenth century as a residence for Abbot Richard Bothwell and this role continued until Commendator George Durie left to move into new apartments at
2668-625: The British took possession on 25 November. Forbes ordered the construction of Fort Pitt , named after British Secretary of State Pitt the Elder . He also established a settlement between the rivers, the site of modern Pittsburgh . His health rapidly declined during the campaign; described as a 'wasting disease', this is thought to have been stomach cancer, combined with severe dysentery . On 3 December 1758, he left Colonel Hugh Mercer in command and returned to Philadelphia , where he died on 11 March 1759 and
2760-609: The Carnegie Clinic by H & D Barclay from 1909 to 1912. Pittencrieff Park forms the western boundary of the town centre covering 31 hectares (76 acres). It was given to the people of Dunfermline in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie . The park is known locally as the Glen and was created from the estate of Pittencrieff and the lands of the house, owned by the Lairds of Pittencrieff. A £1.4 million project to regenerate, restore and re-establish
2852-630: The City of Dunfermline Area Committee, take place in the Dunfermline City Chambers . Dunfermline forms part of the county constituency of Dunfermline and West Fife . The Dunfermline and West Fife UK (or Westminster ) constituency, created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished, elects a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of
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2944-537: The Dunfermline Carnegie Trust and named after Louise Carnegie, the wife of Andrew Carnegie. They lead up a path to a bronze statue of Andrew Carnegie which was unveiled in 1914. In the subsequent development of the modern park, the Category A listed Pittencrieff House, built around 1610 for Sir William Clerk of Penicuik, was designed as a centre piece. Two of the bedrooms were converted to create two long galleries for museum and art exhibition space in
3036-534: The European Parliament (MEPs) using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation . Dunfermline is at 56°04′17″N 3°27′42″W / 56.07139°N 3.46167°W / 56.07139; -3.46167 on the coastal fringe of Fife. The medieval town rose from approximately 51 metres (167 ft) above sea level in the south, where Nethertown Broad Street can now be found; 69 to 67 metres (226 to 220 ft) west to east along what
3128-763: The French outpost of Fort Duquesne . This required the construction of a military trail known as the Forbes Road , which became an important route for settlement of the Western United States . Forbes died in Philadelphia and was buried in the chancel of Christ Church, Philadelphia . John Forbes was born in Dunfermline on 5 September 1707, youngest child of Colonel John Forbes, 1658–1707, who died several months before his birth, and Elizabeth Graham, daughter of an Edinburgh merchant. His uncle, Duncan Forbes (1644-1704),
3220-563: The French position, given by Campbell, Cumberland , the Allied commander, and Ligonier . Ingoldsby claimed he received conflicting instructions and attempted to blame Forbes, who testified at his trial. While he had some justification, any confusion was caused by Cumberland, not Forbes; in any case, this was not considered an adequate excuse and Ingoldsby was forced to resign. For reasons that are unclear, unlike many who fought at Fontenoy Forbes did not benefit from Cumberland's patronage, although he
3312-532: The Glen Pavilion to provide a new 120 seat cafe and linking corridor to the rear of the building. The Bruce Festival is an annual attraction held in Pittencrieff Park every August. The festival which promotes Robert The Bruce 's links to Dunfermline centres on a medieval village and is home to a food fayre, battle reenactments and displays of arts and crafts. The Andrew Carnegie birthplace museum at
3404-497: The High Street was erected in 1807 by the guilds of the local merchants who were ambitious for Dunfermline to become the county town of Fife. Lack of funds forced the building to be sold, but in 1811 funds were available to add the 40-metre-high (130 ft) steeple. At the west end of the High Street is the Category A listed City Chambers with its 36-metre-high (118 ft) high central clock tower and turrets, designed by James Campbell Walker and built between 1876 and 1879 . In
3496-480: The Kingsgate Shopping Centre was completed in 2008 improving and expanding the retail offer in the town by attracting a major department store brand and range of other smaller retailers. Other retail areas in Dunfermline exist at Carnegie Drive Retail Park to the north of the town centre and Halbeath Retail Park to the east of the town. A large neighbourhood centre with one of the towns major supermarkets
3588-839: The Local Tourism Association is Dunfermline.com Dunfermline is home to a professional football team, as well as rugby and cricket teams. The senior football team, Dunfermline Athletic play their games at East End Park in the Scottish Championship . The team have become famous for winning the Scottish Cup twice in the 1960s (1961 and 1968) gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe. The senior rugby team, Dunfermline RFC play their games at McKane Park in Caledonia League Division 1 . Dunfermline Reign are
3680-603: The Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. The seat was won at 2016 Scottish Parliament elections by Shirley-Anne Somerville of the Scottish National Party . Prior to Brexit in 2020, Dunfermline was part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elected seven Members of
3772-552: The Scots Greys and commander of the Allied cavalry. He fought at Dettingen in June 1743 and in September 1744, purchased a commission as captain. At Fontenoy in May 1745, Campbell sent Forbes with instructions to Brigadier General Ingoldsby on the Allied right, ordering him to attack a French redoubt whose fire was impeding their advance. One shot badly wounded Sir James, who was carried from
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3864-535: The United Kingdom by the first-past-the-post system. The seat is currently held by Douglas Chapman MP for the Scottish National Party . For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament , Dunfermline forms part of the Dunfermline constituency. The Dunfermline Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood ) constituency created in 2011, following a review of Scottish Parliament constituency boundaries is one of nine within
3956-526: The architect William Burn , was built between 1818 and 1821 on the site of the medieval choir and transepts which had been the eastern part of the abbey. The main Dunfermline War Memorial on Monastery Street was unveiled by the Lord Lieutenant of Fife, Sir Ralph Anstruther, in 1925. A Second World War Memorial and garden of remembrance were added in 1958 on a site assumed to have been home to
4048-554: The birthplace of Andrew Carnegie, which dates from the early 18th century. An adjacent memorial hall was added to the birthplace in 1928. Just off East Port between Carnegie Hall and the High Street is Viewfield House , a large square stone Palladian three storey villa, built in about 1808 for James Blackwood, Provost of Dunfermline, and now a listed building. It served as home to the Carnegie Trust's Craft School from 1920 to 1940. The Category A listed Dunfermline Guildhall on
4140-519: The car park between Bruce Street and Chambers Street is St Margaret's Cave, a place where she would retreat to pray in peace and quiet. The cave was re-opened in 1993 to celebrate the 900th anniversary of her death. Forming the main entrance to Pittencrieff Park at the junction of Bridge Street and Chalmers Street are the Category A listed Louise Carnegie Memorial Gates, otherwise known as the Glen Gates . The gates, which opened in 1929, were paid for by
4232-412: The church evolved into an Abbey in 1128, under the reign of their son, David I . Dunfermline Abbey would play a major role in the general romanisation of religion throughout the kingdom. At the peak of its power the abbey controlled four burghs, three courts of regality and a large portfolio of lands from Moray in the north down into Berwickshire . From the time of Alexander I (reign 1107–24),
4324-513: The city is a major service centre, with the largest employers being Sky UK , Amazon , Best Western , TechnipFMC , Lloyds and Nationwide . Dunfermline sits on the Fife Pilgrim Way . The city currently has an estimated population of 58,508 and the greater Dunfermline area has a population of 76,210. There have been various interpretations of the name, "Dunfermline" . The first element, "dun" translated from Gaelic , has been accepted as
4416-450: The corner of Moodie Street and Priory Lane is dedicated to the well-known businessman and philanthropist. The museum is made up of two buildings; the weaver's cottage, his birthplace and the memorial hall which tells his life story. Annual heritage walks organised by the museum take place each summer. The Abbot House on Maygate is the oldest building in the town. In 2017, Dunfermline Carnegie Library & Galleries opened, an extension of
4508-438: The factory began in early 2011 with an expected date for completion at the end of the year. A masterplan is being created for the site identifying significant investment and development opportunities with the potential to create a substantial number of new jobs. Dunfermline is the principal shopping centre serving the western area of Fife and is the region's second largest town centre by floorspace. Retailing accounts for 18% of
4600-711: The failure of the 1757 Louisbourg Expedition , Forbes was promoted Brigadier general in December 1757 and given command of another attack on Fort Duquesne. His force contained 1,400 regulars, 400 from the Royal American Regiment , commanded by the experienced Swiss mercenary, Lt-Colonel Henry Bouquet , along with 1,000 Scots who made up Montgomerie's Highlanders . There were also 5,000 provincial militia from Virginia and Pennsylvania, commanded by George Washington , who had carried messages to Fort Le Boeuf in 1753, and accompanied Braddock in 1755. Forbes decided to build
4692-470: The field; Forbes stayed with him after the Allies retreated and was taken prisoner. He was soon exchanged but Campbell died a few days later and Forbes' letters display genuine grief at his death. Many viewed Fontenoy as a 'defeat snatched from the jaws of victory', and in the recriminations that followed, Ingoldsby was court-martialled . The grounds were his failure to comply with three separate orders to attack
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#17328547712634784-546: The former Carnegie library building. This provides the town with museum, art gallery, archive, library, cafe and garden spaces. Funders included Fife Council (£6.8 million) and the Heritage Lottery Fund (£2.8 million). The building has won architectural awards: EAA Building of the Year and Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland's (RIAS) Andrew Doolan prize. Dunfermline has two theatres, Carnegie Hall on East Port and
4876-536: The fortunes of Dunfermline lasted until the introduction of a linen industry in the early 18th century. One reason for which the town became a centre for linen was there was enough water to power the mills and nearby ports along the Fife Coast. These ports also did trade with the Baltic and Low Countries . Another reason was through an act of industrial espionage in 1709 by a weaver known as James Blake who gained access to
4968-414: The largest portion of the population (23.7%). The total population in the Dunfermline area was estimated at 55,451 in 2016, with a projected increase of 29% expected by 2026. The number of households in the Dunfermline area in 2016 was recorded at 24,607; 77% of which were owner occupied, 18% social rented and 4% private rented. 30.6% of people live alone and 10.9% are in low income. The median weekly income
5060-453: The last monarch to be born in Scotland. The Reformation of 1560 had previously meant a loss of the Dunfermline's ecclesiastical importance. David Ferguson was the town's first reformed minister. On 25 May 1624, a fire engulfed around three-quarters of the medieval-renaissance burgh. Some of the surviving buildings of the fire were the palace , the abbey and the Abbot's House. The decline in
5152-447: The lowest tier of governance, whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. Fife Council , the unitary local authority for Dunfermline, are the executive , deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance . Dunfermline has retained some importance as an administrative centre with the council's principal west Fife office based at New City House. Councillor meetings, including
5244-517: The mid-17th century, Hill House was built as a residence for William Monteith of Randford and Pitreavie Castle as a manor house by Sir Hendry Wardlaw. To the south-west of Dunfermline is the Category A listed Logie House, built as an Edwardian residence and seat for the Hunt family. Further Carnegie funded buildings include the Carnegie Leisure Centre, designed by Hippolyte Blanc in 1905, and
5336-466: The mineral to the harbours at Charlestown, Limekilns, Inverkeithing and St David's. From 1848 more modern railways entered Dunfermline, at first on a west to east axis, intersecting the mineral lines. In time the latter were converted to make through running on to the main line network possible. During the Industrial Revolution and victorian period industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to
5428-604: The north and south ends of the burgh. During the mid-19th century, power loom weaving started to replace linen damask. The latter did not survive, going into decline straight after the end of First World War . In 1909 the Royal Navy established Scotland's only Royal Naval Dockyard at nearby Rosyth . Post-war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill. Additional provisions were made for electricity, water and sewage systems. Council housing
5520-514: The north of the town centre around Pilmuir Street and to the south along sections of the Lynn Burn at Elgin and Bothwell Streets with textiles being particularly important to the town's economy. After the end of the Second World War traditional industries, particularly linen and coal mining, declined and eventually became obsolete in the town with many factories ceasing production. Manufacturing in
5612-404: The outskirts of the town. The Category A listed Pitfirrane Castle, to the west of Dunfermline, was once the seat of the Halkett family. The castle, which dates from the 16th century, was purchased by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust in 1951 for the use as a clubhouse for Dunfermline Golf Club. To the south of Dunfermline is the Category A listed Hill House and Pitreavie Castle . Both dating from
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#17328547712635704-465: The park began in 2009 and is ongoing. In December 2011 Pittencrieff Park was awarded £710,000 through the Heritage Lottery Fund 's Parks for People programme for essential maintenance work. A previous award of £27,000 was made under this scheme in 2010. The work included the restoration of historic buildings and bridges; new lighting and the refurbishment of the greenhouse to create a classroom. A separate £1 million project finished in 2012, extending
5796-480: The past, a portion of what is now Forbes Avenue carried U.S. Routes 22 and 30 . At approximately 6:45 AM EST on January 28, 2022, the Fern Hollow Bridge carrying Forbes Avenue over Fern Hollow Creek in Frick Park collapsed, injuring ten; the bridge was just west of the intersection with Briarcliff Road. Six vehicles were left trapped in the rubble, including a Port Authority articulated bus . The three-span steel rigid-frame bridge , completed in 1973,
5888-437: The pits from the Forth made transport of the minerals an issue, and Dunfermline was a pioneer in the construction of wooden waggonways for the purpose. By the eighteenth century a complex network had developed, and in time many of the lines were converted to railways: the Halbeath Railway, the Fordell Railway, the Elgin Railway and the Townhill Tramway being the most prominent. They generally ran from north to south, still conveying
5980-418: The population centre towards the town's boundary with the M90 road corridor; it is planned to continue until 2022. Major developments include the creation of the Duloch and Masterton neighbourhoods with over 6,000 homes, three new primary schools, new community infrastructure, employment land and the Fife Leisure Park. With the expansion there has been a dramatic rise in the town's population; more than 20% over
6072-470: The population of Dunfermline from the arrival of English nobility coming into Scotland. The founding of this new church of Dunfermline was inaugurated around 1072, but was not recorded in the town's records. King David I of Scotland (reigned 1124–53) would later grant this church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity , to "unam mansuram in burgo meo de Dunfermlyn " which translates into "a house or dwelling place in my burgh of Dunfermline" . The foundations of
6164-455: The route through Pennsylvania. A base was established at Carlisle, Pennsylvania , and a trail cut through the Allegheny Mountains , which became the Forbes Road . Already severely ill, Forbes had to be carried in a litter and relied heavily on Bouquet, who commanded the advance guard. Construction of the road and bases such as Fort Ligonier was supervised by Lt-Colonel John St Clair, who proved to be incompetent and required Forbes to do much of
6256-404: The site of the January 2022 Fern Hollow Bridge collapse. 40°26′40″N 79°56′56″W / 40.44439°N 79.94891°W / 40.44439; -79.94891 General John Forbes Brigadier-General John Forbes (5 September 1707 – 11 March 1759) was British Army officer. During the French and Indian War , he commanded the 1758 Forbes Expedition which occupied
6348-408: The south and the North Sea to the east. Summers are relatively cool and the warming of the water over the summer, results in warm winters. Average annual temperatures in Dunfermline range from a maximum of 18 °C (64 °F) to a minimum of 9 °C (48 °F). The town is geologically separated from the area to the north by the Cleish Hills . According to the 2001 census, Dunfermline had
6440-431: The status through Letters Patent on 3 October 2022. Dunfermline retained royal burgh status until this was abolished in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 in favour of a three-tier regions and districts . The royal burgh merged into Dunfermline District , which was one of three districts within the Fife region serving the town and West Fife from Kincardine to Aberdour . The district council
6532-430: The total number of jobs in the town. A BID (Business Improvement District) scheme for the town centre has been in operation since 2009. The majority of shops and retail services in Dunfermline are concentrated in the town centre along a high street . The Kingsgate Shopping Centre is located on the pedestrianised section of the High Street giving Dunfermline a mix of modern and traditional shops. A major extension of
6624-796: The town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when Monotype Corporation opened a new factory on Halbeath Road. The completion of the Pitreavie Industrial Estate (now known as the Pitreavie Business Park) opened in the mid-1970s, following the arrival of Philips and the re-location of the offices of the Dunfermline Press . Smaller industrial estates were focused on Elgin Street, Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane. The Dunfermline area has Fife's largest concentration of employment providing approximately 26,600 jobs in 2009; approximately 16% of
6716-399: The township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of James I in 1437. Following her marriage to King Malcolm III, Queen Margaret encouraged her husband to convert the small culdee chapel into a church for Benedictine monks. The existing culdee church was no longer able to meet the demand for its growing congregation because of a large increase in
6808-448: The work, despite his poor health. A less appreciated aspect of Forbes' leadership was in building relationships with local Native Americans, who previously refused to co-operate with the British. These efforts were bolstered by the capture of Fort Frontenac in August, increasing British prestige, while the loss of French traders severely impacted the local economy. This methodical approach
6900-503: The workshops of a damask linen factory in Edinburgh by pretending to act like a simpleton in order to find out and memorise the formula. On his return to his home town in 1718, Blake established a damask linen industry in the town. The largest of these factories was St Leonard's Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851. A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869. Other linen factories were built on land to both
6992-515: Was 446.9 ft (136.2 m) long and had been listed by the National Bridge Inventory as being in poor condition since September 2011. The collapse ruptured a 16 inch (41 cm) natural gas pipeline under the bridge, causing a "massive" leak that was isolated quickly by Peoples Natural Gas . The buildings that stand along Forbes Avenue are a mixture of old and new. The westernmost terminus of Forbes Avenue lies at Stanwix Street in
7084-592: Was a prominent supporter of William of Orange and obtained his brother John an army commission. In 1701, Colonel Forbes purchased Pittencrieff Park , near Dunfermline , and it was here John grew up. He had five elder sisters, of whom little is known, and two older brothers; Arthur (1703-1757), who inherited the estate, and Hugh (1704-1760), who became a lawyer. All three of the Forbes brothers had problems with money; John borrowed large sums to pursue his military career, while Arthur ruined himself expanding Pittencrief, which
7176-511: Was a reconstruction of the Benedictine chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity , founded by his mother, Queen Margaret . Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of Edward I in 1303, there are substantial remains, with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts, dating back to the early 13th century. The Abbey parish church, designed by
7268-553: Was abolished in 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 , when the region became a unitary council area . The new unitary Fife Council adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created area committees to represent each. Today, Dunfermline is represented by several tiers of elected government. Abbeyview, Bellyeoman, Carnock and Gowkhall, Central Dunfermline, Izatt Avenue & Nethertown and Touch and Garvock Community Councils form
7360-474: Was also a Freemason , another of the informal networks needed for a successful public career in this period. Educated locally in Dunfermline , Forbes is thought to have studied medicine at Edinburgh University . In September 1729, he was appointed surgeon in the Royal Scots Greys , then based in Scotland. He remained with the regiment for the next 28 years but gave up his medical post in 1735, when he
7452-522: Was also built as part of the eastern expansion area of Dunfermline. The Fife Leisure Park, constructed in 1999 is adjacent to the M90 at Halbeath on the eastern outskirts of Dunfermline. The leisure park has a large cinema, a health club, bowling alley and a number of restaurants. The Category A listed Dunfermline Abbey on the Kirkgate is one of the best examples of Scoto-Norman monastic architecture. The Abbey, built between 1128 and 1150 under David I ,
7544-696: Was also connected to the abbey and the first known documentation of the Auld Alliance was signed there on 23 October 1295. Although the second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark , Prince Charles was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on 19 November 1600, the Union of the Crowns ended the town's royal connections when James VI relocated the Scottish royal court to London in 1603. King Charles thus became
7636-472: Was appointed aide to the elderly Earl of Stair , (1673-1747), Campbell's successor as colonel of the Scots Greys. Some units were sent to Britain in October to put down the 1745 Rising, but not the cavalry, since transporting horses by sea was considered impractical during the winter months. Stair was military commander of Southern Britain and Forbes may have served there for a short period but contrary to legend, he
7728-548: Was buried with full military honours. His final correspondence with Lord Amherst , the new commander in North America, included the recommendation he make his relationship with Native Americans a priority and 'not to think lightly of them or their friendship.' Forbes Field , now demolished but which formerly served as the home field for the Pittsburgh Pirates , Pittsburgh Steelers and the Pitt Panthers football team ,
7820-643: Was commissioned as a cornet . The long period of peace from 1713 to 1739 meant limited opportunities for promotion, while the commission purchase system worked against those like Forbes with little money. It was not until April 1742 he was promoted lieutenant , shortly before the regiment was posted to the Austrian Netherlands to fight in the War of the Austrian Succession . Forbes became aide-de-camp to James Campbell of Lawers, (1690-1745) , colonel of
7912-406: Was focused towards Abbeyview , on a 97-hectare (240-acre) site on Aberdour Road; Touch, to the south of Garvock Hill; Bellyeoman and Baldridgeburn. Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitcorthie Farm. Dunfermline has experienced significant expansion since 1999, especially in an expansion corridor on the eastern side of the town. This growth has edged
8004-503: Was jeopardised by the Battle of Fort Duquesne , on 15 September 1758, when a column under Major James Grant advanced too far ahead of the main body and suffered over 300 casualties. Forbes decided to suspend operations but on 26 October, 13 Ohio Valley tribes signed the Treaty of Easton with Pennsylvania and New Jersey . After the loss of their local allies, the French abandoned Fort Duquesne and
8096-516: Was made in the 11th century. According to the fourteenth-century chronicler, John of Fordun , Malcolm III married his second bride, the Anglo-Hungarian princess Saint Margaret , at the church in Dunfermline between 1068 and 1070; the ceremony was performed by Fothad , the last Celtic bishop of St Andrews . Malcolm III established Dunfermline as a new seat for royal power in the mid-11th century and initiated changes that eventually made
8188-614: Was named after John Forbes. Forbes Field was America's first all-steel and concrete baseball stadium. Forbes Avenue , one of the city of Pittsburgh's principal boulevards, runs from the Monongahela River in Downtown Pittsburgh to Frick Park and the start of the eastern suburbs. It is named in his honor and roughly follows his colonial road. John Forbes Lane in Kanpur running from British India Corporation to Huddard High School
8280-557: Was not present at Culloden . Instead, he returned to Flanders in December 1745 as Deputy Quartermaster-General and was a major when the war ended in 1748. Forbes spent the next few years on garrison duty in different parts of Britain and in November 1750, purchased a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Scots Greys. To do so, he borrowed £5,000 but with limited opportunities for further advancement, his debts became an increasingly large problem. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle set up
8372-401: Was so he could maintain the legacy of previous Scottish kings interred here, referring to them as our ‘predecessors’. Robert The Bruce (reigned 1306–29) would ultimately become the last of the seven Scottish Kings to be given this honour in 1329, although his heart was taken to Melrose Abbey . Dunfermline had become a burgh between 1124 and 1127, if not before this time. Dunfermline Palace
8464-661: Was sold after his death. Forbes married Anna Donald and had a daughter Anna. The Forbes family were prominent civic leaders in Inverness , who supported the succession of George I in 1714 and were political allies of the Campbell Dukes of Argyll . John's cousin Duncan Forbes of Culloden , (1685-1747), became senior Scottish legal officer in 1737 and played a key role in suppressing the 1745 Jacobite Rising . These personal connections were essential; like many contemporaries, John
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