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44-510: The Derry Castle was a 1,367 ton iron barque built at Glasgow in 1883, and initially operating out of Limerick , Ireland . She had been registered there on 19 November 1883 by Francis Spaight & Sons. In 1887 while voyaging from Australia to the United Kingdom with a cargo of wheat, she foundered off Enderby Island , in the subantarctic Auckland Islands , on a reef which now bears her name. The three-masted barque Derry Castle

88-585: A distinctive rig as detailed below. In Britain, by the mid-19th century, the spelling had taken on the French form of barque . Although Francis Bacon used the spelling with a "q" as early as 1592, Shakespeare still used the spelling "barke" in Sonnet 116 in 1609. Throughout the period of sail, the word was used also as a shortening of the barca-longa of the Mediterranean Sea . The usual modern spelling convention

132-502: A nondescript vessel that did not fit any of its usual categories. Thus, when the British admiralty purchased a collier for use by James Cook in his journey of exploration, she was registered as HM Bark  Endeavour to distinguish her from another Endeavour , a sloop already in service at the time. Endeavour happened to be a full-rigged ship with a plain bluff bow and a full stern with windows. William Falconer 's Dictionary of

176-440: A number of castaway depots on their subantarctic islands equipped with emergency supplies. Unfortunately, the depot at Sandy Bay on Enderby Island had been looted of all but a bottle of salt. The castaways constructed crude shelters and subsisted on shellfish and a small quantity of wheat recovered from the wreck. On a cliff overlooking the water, they buried the bodies of their fellow crew members that had washed ashore. The grave

220-507: A small boat , not a full-sized ship. French influence in England led to the use in English of both words, although their meanings now are not the same. Well before the 19th century, a barge had become interpreted as a small vessel of coastal or inland waters, or a fast rowing boat carried by warships and normally reserved for the commanding officer. Somewhat later, a bark became a sailing vessel of

264-404: A term for an Egyptian boat. The Oxford English Dictionary , however, considers the latter improbable. The word barc appears to have come from Celtic languages. The form adopted by English, perhaps from Irish , was "bark", while that adopted by Latin as barca very early, which gave rise to the French barge and barque . In Latin, Spanish, and Italian, the term barca refers to

308-525: A waterfall in Dusky Bay " (1773), and Te Mauri, the large pounamu boulder that travelled to America as part of the Te Maori Exhibition in 1984. Craigs Young Contemporaries Southland Museum and Art Gallery Niho o te Taniwha (the tooth of the taniwha) began as a small collection first exhibited in 1869 by Andrew McKenzie in his Invercargill "Scotch Pie House and Museum". The collection was purchased by

352-464: A wide variety of the region's art, history and natural history collections. It is notable for its 1990 pyramid-shaped building, constructed over the original 1942 museum. In April 2018 the museum was closed indefinitely due to earthquake risks. The 1990 building, which encloses the previous museum building, is the largest pyramid in the Southern Hemisphere. It has a floor space of 5000 m ,

396-832: Is (as of summer, 2014) sailing the New England coast. The United States Coast Guard still has an operational barque, built in Germany in 1936 and captured as a war prize , the USCGC Eagle , which the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London uses as a training vessel. The Sydney Heritage Fleet restored an iron-hulled three-masted barque, the James Craig , originally constructed as Clan Macleod in 1874 and sailing at sea fortnightly. The oldest active sailing vessel in

440-534: Is 45 by 52 metres wide and 27 metres high. The museum observatory, the only public observatory in Southland, was operated by members of the Southland Astronomical Society , with school groups often visiting. The tuatarium facility, built in 1974 and expanded to 200 m in 1990, houses over 50 live, individual tuatara ranging from new babies to the famous Henry. Henry, who joined the museum in 1970,

484-615: Is a reference to the Roman Catholic Church . The term refers to Peter , the first Pope , who was a fisherman before becoming an apostle of Jesus. The Pope is often said to be steering the Barque of St. Peter. Southland Museum and Art Gallery The Southland Museum and Art Gallery Niho o te Taniwha is located in Gala Street, Invercargill , New Zealand. It is Southland 's largest cultural and heritage institution, and contains

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528-567: Is that, to distinguish between homophones , when spelled as barque it refers to a ship, and when spelled as bark it refers to either a sound or to a tree hide . " Barcarole " in music shares the same etymology, being originally a folk song sung by Venetian gondoliers and derived from barca —"boat" in Italian, or in Late Latin. In the 18th century, the Royal Navy used the term bark for

572-675: Is the Pommern , the only windjammer in original condition. Its home is in Mariehamn outside the Åland maritime museum. The wooden barque Sigyn , built in Gothenburg 1887, is now a museum ship in Turku . The wooden whaling barque Charles W. Morgan , launched 1841, taken out of service 1921, is now a museum ship at Mystic Seaport in Connecticut . The Charles W. Morgan has recently been refit and

616-459: Is thought to have been born around the year 1900, and holds the world record for the tuatara kept longest in captivity. Henry mated for the first time in 2009. The tuatara breed regularly every two years, and from 1989 to 1995 produced eggs annually. A new acrylic roof that allowed ultraviolet light through to the tuatara has contributed to 100% egg hatching success and 100% survival success since installation. The museum's Māori Gallery emphasised

660-730: The Invercargill Athenaeum in 1876 and transferred to the Southland Technical College by 1912. The Southland Museum was opened by Invercargill Mayor, W B Scandrett, at the Southland Technical College on Wednesday 4 September 1912 at 3pm. J Crosby Smith FLS was the President of the Southland Naturalist Society and Curator. Although a museum board was formed in 1915, the museum remained under

704-616: The Southland Museum , where it is on display. In its place, a plaque now marks the site of the sailors' graves. 50°29′04″S 166°18′10″E  /  50.484323°S 166.302761°E  / -50.484323; 166.302761 Barque The word "barque" entered English via the French term, which in turn came from the Latin barca by way of Occitan , Catalan , Spanish, or Italian. The Latin barca may stem from Celtic barc (per Thurneysen ) or Greek baris (per Diez ),

748-545: The Marine defined "bark", as "a general name given to small ships: it is however peculiarly appropriated by seamen to those which carry three masts without a mizzen topsail . Our Northern Mariners, who are trained in the coal-trade, apply this distinction to a broad-sterned ship, which carries no ornamental figure on the stem or prow." A 16th-century paper document in the Cheshire and Chester Archives and Local Studies Service notes

792-467: The Roaring 40's Gallery" interpreted the unique and vulnerable subantarctic themes and was developed utilising both museum and Department of Conservation expertise. A fossil forest of petrified wood exists at Curio Bay on the southeast coast of Southland. A reconstruction of this, where visitors can walk among the stumps and tree sections of petrified wood 130 million years old, can be found in front of

836-411: The above-described considerations and compromises. Usually the main mast was the tallest; that of Moshulu extends to 58 m off the deck. The four-masted barque can be handled with a surprisingly small crew—at minimum, 10—and while the usual crew was around 30, almost half of them could be apprentices. Today many sailing- school ships are barques. A well-preserved example of a commercial barque

880-449: The barque and the barquentine, are compromises, which combine, in different proportions, the best elements of these two. Whether square-rig, barque, barquentine or schooner is optimal depends on the degree to which the sailing-route and season can be chosen to achieve following-wind. Square-riggers predominated for intercontinental sailing on routes chosen for following-winds. Most ocean-going windjammers were four-masted barques, due to

924-519: The boat to nearby Erebus Cove , Port Ross on Auckland Island , where they obtained supplies from the government depot there. The group lived at Port Ross until rescued by the 45 ton schooner Awarua on 19 July. The Awarua arrived in Hobson's Bay, Victoria on 21 September 1887, returning from an illegal sealing expedition in the Auckland Islands. News of the arrival reached Lloyd's of London on

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968-662: The control of the Southland Education Board until it was constituted under the Southland Museum Board (Inc) in 1939. In 1959 Gordon White was appointed director. He had previously worked as a modeller under Valerie Norman at the Dominion Museum. The original building at the entrance to Queen's Park was built as Southland's New Zealand Centennial memorial and opened in 1942, but without an art gallery due to insufficient funds. There have been many extensions to

1012-562: The culture also provided barques for their final journey. The type of vessel depicted in Egyptian images remains quite similar throughout the thousands of years the culture persisted. Barques were important religious artifacts , and since the deities were thought to travel in this fashion in the sky, the Milky Way was seen as a great waterway that was as important as the Nile on Earth; cult statues of

1056-524: The culture. Transportation to the afterlife was believed to be accomplished by way of barques, as well, and the image is used in many of the religious murals and carvings in temples and tombs. The most important Egyptian barque carried the dead pharaoh to become a deity. Great care was taken to provide a beautiful barque to the pharaoh for this journey, and models of the boats were placed in their tombs. Many models of these boats, that range from tiny to huge in size, have been found. Wealthy and royal members of

1100-399: The deities traveled by boats on water and ritual boats were carried about by the priests during festival ceremonies. Temples included barque shrines, sometimes more than one in a temple, in which the sacred barques rested when a procession was not in progress. In these stations, the boats would be watched over and cared for by the priests. The Barque of St. Peter , or the Barque of Peter,

1144-469: The early hours of 20 March 1887, eight days into her voyage, in strong winds and sailing at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), Derry Castle ran onto a reef off Enderby Island and immediately began breaking up. Manned by a crew of twenty-three, she carried one passenger and a cargo of wheat. Only the passenger and seven of the 23 crew made it ashore. At that time the New Zealand government maintained

1188-463: The everyday aspects of pre-contact life in Murihiku /( Southland ). This included the processes of adze making, fishing using bone and stone lures, and musical instruments . The natural history gallery displayed rare and endangered species such as the kākāpō and kiwi , as well as subfossil bones of extinct birds such as moa . This gallery also covered subjects such as geology and sea life. "Beyond

1232-527: The family home was at nearby Derry Castle, County Tipperary . The ship was registered at Limerick on 19 November and commenced her maiden voyage from Glasgow on 26 December under Captain J Goffe for Fiji . On 12 March 1887 Derry Castle sailed from Geelong , Victoria , still under Captain Goffe, and under charter to Gibbs, Bright & Co. , with a cargo of wheat for Falmouth, Cornwall , or Queenstown, County Cork , where she would receive orders for discharge. In

1276-659: The large collection items have been removed from the upper floors of the museum, and the collection is being prepared for relocation to a storage facility as yet unknown. Planning is in process for a redeveloped museum building to reopen. In the meantime, a temporary space, a collaboration between the Southland Museum and Art Gallery and the Invercargill Public Art Gallery (Anderson House), was opened to exhibit parts of their collections and hold events and exhibitions. This space, called Te Waka Tuia Art + Museum,

1320-501: The museum along with two-metre bronze tuatara sculpture. The art galleries featured regular contemporary and historical art exhibitions, both travelling shows and works from permanent collections, often with a regional emphasis which includes Stewart Island and the Subantarctic Islands . The museum has a significant collection of art, photography, ceramics and craft; of special note is the work by William Hodges "A Maori before

1364-542: The names of Robert Ratclyfe, owner of the bark Sunday and 10 mariners appointed to serve under the Earl of Sussex , Lord Deputy of Ireland . By the end of the 18th century, the term barque (sometimes, particularly in the US, spelled bark) came to refer to any vessel with a particular type of sail plan . This comprises three (or more) masts , fore-and-aft sails on the aftermost mast and square sails on all other masts. Barques were

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1408-570: The original structure, with the art gallery opening in 1960, the additional of the Southland Astronomical Society Observatory in 1972, extensions to the building in 1977 and 1984, and a total redevelopment in 1990. The period of redevelopment from the 1970s to the 1990s was credited to the leadership of Museum Director Russell Beck , and Chairman of the Southland Museum & Art Gallery Trust Board, Dr Alfred Philip (Alf) Poole (1922–2005). This 1990 redevelopment enclosed

1452-572: The previous building in a 27 m tall pyramid, the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, added dedicated art gallery spaces, a Tuatarium Gallery for the captive tuatara breeding programme, and retailing spaces for the Artworks Cafe, Museum Shop 'Memento' and iSite Invercargill Visitor Information Centre. On 9 April 2018, the Invercargill City Council announced that the Southland Museum and Art Gallery building would close indefinitely to

1496-580: The public by the end of the week due to it being an earthquake risk. The Invercargill City Council claimed it had "critical structural weakness" that made it unsafe for large groups of visitors, being at less than 34% of the earthquake structural standard for new buildings. This followed the Invercargill water tower closing in 2012 and the Invercargill Public Art Gallery at Anderson House closing in 2014 for similar reasons. The staff of 41

1540-502: The same day, shortly before she was due to have been declared a "missing vessel". The punt remained on the Main Auckland Island until in 1989, when during an expedition which included artists Bill Hammond , Laurence Aberhart , Geerda Leenards and Lloyd Godman , it was transported back to the Southland Museum and Art Gallery at Invercargill on a Royal New Zealand Navy vessel where it is on permanent display. The Castle grave site

1584-419: The ship rig tended to be retained for training vessels where the larger the crew, the more seamen were trained. Another advantage is that, downwind, a barque can outperform a schooner or barkentine , and is both easier to handle and better at going to windward than a full-rigged ship. While a full-rigged ship is the best runner available, and while fore-and-aft rigged vessels are the best at going to windward,

1628-613: The upbringing of future sailors both as a schoolship, training operations for the Norwegian Navy and generally available for interested volunteers. During the summer of 2021, it hosted "NRK Sommarskuta" with live TV everyday sailing all of the Norwegian coast from north to south and crossing the North Sea to Shetland. After this it will perform its first full sailing trip around world, estimated to take 19 months with many promotional events along

1672-500: The way. Scientific equipment has been installed in support of ongoing university studies to monitor and log environmental data. In Ancient Egypt , barques, referred to using the French word as Egyptian hieroglyphs were first translated by the Frenchman Jean-François Champollion , were a type of boat used from Egypt's earliest recorded times and are depicted in many drawings, paintings, and reliefs that document

1716-416: The workhorse of the golden age of sail in the mid-19th century as they attained passages that nearly matched full-rigged ships, but could operate with smaller crews. The advantage of these rigs was that they needed smaller (therefore cheaper) crews than a comparable full-rigged ship or brig -rigged vessel, as fewer of the labour-intensive square sails were used, and the rig itself is cheaper. Conversely,

1760-493: The world, the Star of India , was built in 1863 as a full-rigged ship, then converted into a barque in 1901. This type of ship inspired the French composer Maurice Ravel to write his famous piece, Une Barque sur l'ocean , originally composed for piano, in 1905, then orchestrated in 1906. Statsraad Lehmkuhl is in active operation in its barque form, stripped down without most of its winches and later improvements more aligned to

1804-496: Was built of iron in Govan , Glasgow , by Dobie and Company . registered tonnages were 1,367 gross and 1,317 net , and dimensions were length 239.8 feet (73.1 m), beam 35.9 feet (10.9 m), and depth 21.4 feet (6.5 m). Derry Castle was launched on 16 October 1883 for shipowner James Spaight of Francis Spaight & Sons. The company was based in Limerick , Ireland, and

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1848-517: Was maintained for many years by the New Zealand government until it sank into the ground. However, during World War II , the figurehead was resurrected by those stationed on the islands. The figurehead can now be viewed (along with other items from the wreck) at the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand. The makeshift punt was used as a grave headstone for a while before being removed to

1892-487: Was marked with the ship's figurehead. A box of matches proved ineffective at producing a flame, despite drying, but the survivors, by detonating the charge in a revolver bullet, were able to start a fire, which they maintained until leaving the island. After 92 days they discovered an axe head in the sand and were able to build a boat, which became known as the Derry Castle Punt, from the wreckage. Two men navigated

1936-403: Was reduced to 10: four curators and six working on collections. The museum plans to open a new exhibition space in central Invercargill in 2019, in collaboration with the Invercargill Public Art Gallery on the ground floor of the former bank building on the corner of Don and Kelvin streets. The Council had budgeted $ 200,000 a year for four years to maintain a temporary facility. As of July 2019,

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