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46-634: About 1,000 workers at Denison's Elliot Lake mines went on strike in 1974, protesting unhealthy working conditions. The protest led to immediate improvements in safety conditions, and prompted Bill Davis to commission James Milton Ham to lead the Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines . Denison served as manager for Uranium Participation Corporation , a Toronto-based investment fund which holds no license to deal in uranium until 2021 before it

92-463: A backbench supporter of Leslie Frost 's government. When Frost announced his retirement in 1961, Davis became the chief organizer of Robert Macaulay 's campaign to succeed him as premier and party leader. Macaulay was eliminated on the next-to-last ballot, and, with Davis, delivered crucial support for John Robarts to defeat Kelso Roberts on the final vote. Davis was appointed to Robarts' cabinet as Minister of Education on October 25, 1962, and

138-495: A 2005 by-election . In 2014, Davis endorsed Christine Elliott in her second campaign to become leader of the Ontario PC Party, but she finished as runner-up to Patrick Brown , whom he would later endorse in his successful campaign against incumbent Linda Jeffrey for mayor of Brampton in 2018. Davis had supported Jeffrey in her 2014 bid for mayor, as well as Toronto mayor John Tory , former Ontario PC Party leader and

184-493: A bachelor of laws from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1954 and was called to the bar of Ontario in 1955. Davis was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1959 provincial election , for the southern Ontario constituency of Peel . He was only 29 years old. Although Peel was an extremely safe Conservative seat for most of its history, Davis won by a narrow 1,203 votes. The election took place soon after

230-648: A falling out over Peel Region's proposed Light Rail Transit line, as Jeffrey supported its extension from Hurontario Street in Mississauga further north along Main Street in Brampton (where it would run by Davis's house), while Davis preferred an alternative alignment along Queen Street. Throughout his political career, Davis often remarked upon the lasting influence of his hometown of Brampton, leading to his nickname, "Brampton Billy". On August 8, 2021, Davis died in Brampton at

276-602: A minority government and lost the popular vote to the Liberal Party , and were soon defeated in a motion of non-confidence by a Liberal–NDP accord, ending the party's 42-year period of rule over the province. Davis was made a companion of the Order of Canada in 1986, and received the Order of Ontario in 1987. Upon his retirement from politics, he served on numerous corporate boards, including Seagram , Power Corporation , CIBC , Rogers Cable among others. In 1985 and 1986, Davis

322-399: A principal secretary of Davis in the 1980s. Incumbent Brampton mayor Susan Fennell was embroiled in numerous scandals over expenses and financial record-keeping. Davis reportedly convinced Jeffrey to resign from provincial cabinet to challenge Fennell. After taking office as mayor, Jeffrey appointed Davis to a panel tasked with bringing a university to Brampton. However, Davis and Jeffrey had

368-683: The 1981 provincial election , with 8 of their 12 gained seats coming at the expense of the NDP. Soon after the election, Davis announced that John Tory (who became leader of the PCs 23 years later) had been hired to succeed Hugh Segal as his principal secretary. He also announced that Ontario would purchase a 25% share in the energy corporation Suncor , despite opposition from within his own caucus. Unlike most provincial premiers in Canada, Davis strongly supported Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 's 1981 plans to patriate

414-424: The 29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario began two weeks later on September 13. The campaign featured the first televised leaders debate for a provincial election. The PC's would gain 9 seats in the election , held on October 21, 1971. Davis's first full term as premier was by most accounts his least successful, with public confidence in his government weakened by a series of scandals. There were allegations that

460-609: The Big Blue Machine , and remained a dominant campaign force in the Progressive Conservative Party into the 1980s. Three months after taking office as premier, Davis announced that his government would not continue to fund construction of the Spadina Expressway into downtown Toronto—an initiative that had been unpopular with many of the area's residents. The section of Allen Road south of Lawrence Avenue

506-750: The Elliot Lake area. In 2013, Denison purchased a number of uranium exploration projects from Fission Energy, including the Waterbury Lake uranium development and other properties in the Athabasca Basin . In January 2017 Denison announced it had executed an agreement to increase ownership of the Wheeler River Uranium Project in the Athabasca Basin to 66%. Bill Davis William Grenville Davis , PC , CC , OOnt , QC (July 30, 1929 – August 8, 2021)

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552-658: The Fidinam company had received special consideration for a Toronto development program in return for donations to the Progressive Conservative Party. In 1973, it was revealed that Davis's friend Gerhard Moog had received a untendered C$ 44.4 million ($ 293 million in 2023 dollars) contract for the construction of Ontario Hydro 's new head office and related projects. Attorney General Dalton Bales , Solicitor General John Yaremko and Treasurer McKeough were all accused of conflicts-of-interest relating to government approval for developments on properties they owned. The government

598-600: The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada had been known by various titles, including MPP, MLA and MHA. This confusion persisted after 1867, with members of the Ontario legislature using the title Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) or Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) interchangeably. In 1938, Frederick Fraser Hunter, the member for St. Patrick, introduced a private member's bill to designate members with

644-702: The constitution of Canada from the United Kingdom and add to it the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Davis's role in the constitutional negotiations of 1981 were pivotal in achieving a compromise that resulted in the passage of the Constitution Act, 1982 . Davis publicly announced his retirement on October 8, 1984, a few months before the 1985 election , with he and his government still well ahead in polls against David Peterson 's Liberals and Bob Rae 's NDP. One of his last major acts as premier

690-493: The Legislative Assembly" (MLAs) ( fr:membres de l'Assemblée législative (M.A.L.s) ). The bill to change the titular designation was supported by Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis , who gave a speech in support of it in the legislative assembly. The reasons he gave for this change were the following: The designation was changed again in 1968 when the National Assembly of Quebec was renamed. The member's titular designation

736-565: The Liberals and 33 for the NDP. The Conservatives remained the dominant party after the 1975 and 1977 elections due to the inability of either the New Democrats and the Liberals to become the clear alternative. The Conservatives were able to stay in power due to the competition between both opposition parties. As there was no serious consideration of a Liberal-NDP alliance after both campaigns, Davis

782-502: The Ontario Educational Communications Authority educational television network (now TVO ) were established while he was Minister, in 1965 and 1970, respectively. Davis's handling of the education portfolio, of which Robarts was a previous minister, made his entry into the leadership contest to succeed Robarts unsurprising. Robarts himself fully expected Davis to be his successor. He was immediately dubbed

828-527: The age of 92. In a 2012 edition, the Institute for Research on Public Policy 's magazine, Policy Options , named Davis the second-best Canadian premier of the last forty years, beaten only by Peter Lougheed . Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario) A member of Provincial Parliament ( MPP ) is an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Ontario . Elsewhere in Canada,

874-484: The death of the daughter of his close friend and advisor, Eddie Goodman . Davis called a snap election in 1977 , attempting to capitalise on the turmoil and surprise following the 1976 Quebec general election that saw the Parti Quebecois gain a majority. He was again returned with only a minority following the vote on June 9. The Progressive Conservatives increased their standing by 7 to 58 seats, against 34 for

920-493: The early 2000s, Davis returned to an honoured position within the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. He was a keynote speaker at the 2004 Progressive Conservative leadership convention , and was singled out for praise in speeches by outgoing party leader Ernie Eves and new leader John Tory . Davis was also present for Tory's first session in the Ontario legislature, following the latter's victory in

966-464: The election had the Liberals in the lead. The Progressive Conservatives won only 51 seats out of 125, but were able to remain in power with a minority government . The New Democratic Party (NDP) won 38 seats under the leadership of Stephen Lewis , while Nixon's Liberals finished third with 36. Soon after the election, Davis hired Hugh Segal as his legislative secretary. On January 1, 1976, Davis enacted Canada's first mandatory seat belt law, following

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1012-694: The federal Progressive Conservative government of John Diefenbaker had cancelled the Avro Arrow program. Davis was given the honour of move the motion to vote on the Speech from the Throne , which while purely symbolic, allowed him to give a speech that included two of his own planned projects: establishing what would become the Forks of the Credit Provincial Park , and improving education. Davis served for two years as

1058-463: The federal Progressive Conservatives with the Canadian Alliance , and create the new Conservative Party of Canada . In the 2006 federal campaign , he campaigned for Conservative Leader Stephen Harper . Harper spoke favourably of Davis during the campaign, and said that he learned much from Davis's style of governing. The Conservatives were able to defeat the Liberals to form the government. In

1104-577: The first delegate younger than seventeen years to attend a national Progressive Conservative convention in Canada. He frequently campaigned for local Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Thomas Laird Kennedy , who briefly served as Premier of Ontario in 1949. Davis graduated from the University of Toronto with a BA in 1951. He was a football player during his university years, and his teammates included Roy McMurtry and Thomas Leonard Wells , both of whom would later serve in his cabinet. Davis received

1150-464: The frontrunner when he announced his bid on December 20, 1970. In the early hours of February 13, 1971, Davis defeated rival candidate Allan Lawrence by only 44 votes on the final ballot, after receiving support from third-place candidate Darcy McKeough . Following the convention, Davis brought Lawrence's campaign team, known as "the Spades", to become his principal advisors. The group later became known as

1196-579: The jurisdiction of the Legislature of Ontario, the members of the Legislative Assembly shall be entitled to the designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" and its abbreviation "M.P.P." In Quebec , a bill to adopt the titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" ( fr:membre du Parlement provincial ) and the initialism "MPP" ( fr:M.P.P. ) was assented on December 15, 1955. Like in Ontario, members had no fixed designation prior to this bill's adoption, although they were usually referred to as "Members of

1242-518: The outdated school board systems in the province, reducing the number of boards from 3,676 in 1962 to 192 by 1967. During his tenure as education minister, Davis established new public universities, including Trent University and Brock University , as well as the public community college system . Canada's first educational research institute, the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education , and

1288-448: The province. Although he actively supported and campaigned for him in 1976, Davis had an awkward relationship with federal Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark . He and Clark held differing views over fuel prices, and the Davis government actively opposed Clark's 1979 austerity budget which included a gas tax. The Progressive Conservatives were returned with a majority government in

1334-493: The support of the party establishment. This period of the Davis government was one of expansion for the province's public health and education systems, and Davis held a particular interest in ensuring that the province's community colleges remained productive. The government also expanded the provisions of the Ontario Human Rights Code , and expanded bilingual services without introducing official bilingualism to

1380-455: The tabling of a bill to force an end to labour disruptions . In the buildup to the 1975 provincial election , Davis imposed a ninety-day freeze on energy prices, temporarily reduced the provincial sales tax from 7% to 5%, and announced rent controls for the province. The 1975 campaign was far more bitter than that of 1971, with Davis and Liberal leader Robert Nixon repeatedly hurling personal insults at one another. Polls taken shortly before

1426-614: The title Member of Parliament (MP), arguing that the titles of MPP or MLA were confusing, inaccurate, and undignified. However, his proposal failed to pass. As an alternative, a resolution was adopted fixing the title as Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP). The text of the resolution passed by the House on that day is as follows: On motion of Mr. Hunter, seconded by Mr. Miller , Resolved , That in all matters of address, titular distinction, formal correspondence, official proceedings and all similar matters having to do with and coming under

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1472-507: The titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" has also been used to refer to members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1791 to 1838, and to members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1955 to 1968. The titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" and the acronym "MPP" were formally adopted by the Ontario legislature on April 7, 1938. Before the adoption of this resolution, members had no fixed designation. Prior to Confederation in 1867, members of

1518-673: Was "Member of the Quebec Parliament" (MQP, or membre du Parlement du Québec (M.P.Q) ) from 1968 to 1971, then "Member of the National Assembly" (MNA, or membres de l'Assemblée Nationale (M.A.N. ) from 1971 to 1982. The designation "Member of the National Assembly" is still used in English, but the French titular designation was abolished, and MNAs are now simply referred to as "député", the same title used for federal members of Parliament and for

1564-515: Was a Canadian politician who served as the 18th premier of Ontario from 1971 to 1985. Behind Oliver Mowat , Davis was the second-longest serving premier of Ontario . Born in Toronto , Davis was a lawyer before being elected as a Progressive Conservative member of provincial Parliament for Peel in the 1959 provincial election . He was a backbencher in the Conservative caucus until 1962, when he

1610-448: Was a successful local lawyer. Davis married twice, first to Helen McPhee (b. 1931, m. 1955, d. 1962), with whom he had four children (Neil, Nancy, Cathy, Ian), before marrying Kathleen Mackay (m. 1964). They had one daughter, Meg, in 1965. Davis was politically active from the age of 15. Local Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Gordon Graydon was a frequent guest at Davis's parents' house, and Davis himself became

1656-421: Was able to avoid defeat in the legislature by appealing to other parties for support on particular initiatives. The opposition parties had also undergone leadership changes; Nixon and Lewis, who had posed a strong challenge to Davis, resigned after the 1975 and 1977 elections, respectively. Nixon's successor Stuart Lyon Smith proved unable to increase Liberal support, while new NDP leader Michael Cassidy lacked

1702-518: Was appointed minister of education under John Robarts . During this period, Davis created the community college system and the educational television network now known as TVO . In 1971, he succeeded Robarts as the premier of Ontario and held the position until resigning in 1985. He led the Progressive Conservatives to victory in four consecutive elections, winning two majority governments and two minority governments . As premier, Davis

1748-488: Was cleared of impropriety in all cases, but its popular support nonetheless declined. The Conservatives lost four key by-elections in 1973 and 1974. On the policy front, the Davis administration introduced regional governments for Durham , Hamilton-Wentworth , Haldimand-Norfolk , and Waterloo but shelved further plans in response to popular protests. He faced a significant backlash from teachers in December 1973, following

1794-417: Was compromised during the 1990s by the party's shift to the right under Mike Harris . Many Conservatives parliamentarians were openly dismissive of Davis-era spending policies, and frequently highlighted the differences between Davis and Harris on policy issues. Davis remained a supporter of the party, but seldom appeared at official events. In 2003, Davis played a role in the successful negotiations to merge

1840-443: Was elected leader at a January 1985 leadership convention over Larry Grossman (who was widely considered the successor to Davis and his Big Blue Machine ). Although Miller was more conservative, the Progressive Conservatives still held a significant lead over the opposition when the election was called. However, after a poor campaign and controversy over Catholic school funding, in the 1985 provincial election they were reduced to

1886-442: Was re-elected by a greatly increased margin in the 1963 provincial election . He was given additional responsibilities as Ontario's Minister of University Affairs on May 14, 1964, and held both portfolios until 1971. He significantly increased education funding during the 1960s; spending increased by 454% between 1962 and 1971 and hundreds of public schools were opened. Davis also oversaw a controversial overhaul and amalgamation of

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1932-570: Was responsible for the cancellation of the Spadina Expressway , the funding of Catholic secondary schools through grade 12, the formation of Canada's first Ministry of the Environment , and rent control , as well as playing a large role in the patriation of the Constitution of Canada . Davis was born on July 30, 1929, at Toronto General Hospital , Toronto , Ontario, the son of Vera Mildred ( née Hewetson) and Albert Grenville Davis. His father

1978-592: Was sold to Sprott Asset Management and WMC Energy. 15% of the company is owned by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The CEO is David D. Cates, and Ron F. Hochstein is the chair of the board. Denison's principal assets are its northern Saskatchewan interests in the McClean Lake mine , the Midwest Uranium Project and the Wheeler River project. Denison also manages decommissioned uranium mines in

2024-406: Was subsequently nicknamed the "Davis ditch". In July 1971, he created appointed the first Minister of the Environment , George Kerr . On August 31, Davis announced the rejection of a proposal to grant full funding to Ontario's Catholic high schools—which were only publicly funded up to grade 10—stating that it "would fragment the present system beyond recognition and repair". The campaign to elect

2070-679: Was the Canadian half of a joint task force with the United States (with Drew Lewis as his American counterpart) appointed by Brian Mulroney and Ronald Reagan to solve the ongoing acid rain issues affecting the Great Lakes. Their report was popularly referred to as the Acid Rain Treaty ; Davis was paid $ 1 for his work, proudly framing the bill at his cottage. Davis's reputation within the Ontario Progressive Conservatives

2116-487: Was to reverse his 1971 decision against the full funding of Catholic schools, and announce that such funding would be provided to the end of Grade Thirteen. Although the policy was supported by all parties in the legislature, it was unpopular with some in the Conservatives' traditional rural Protestant base, and many would stay home in the upcoming election because of this issue. Davis was succeeded by Frank Miller , who

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