Liposuction , or simply lipo , is a type of fat-removal procedure used in plastic surgery . Evidence does not support an effect on weight beyond a couple of months and does not appear to affect obesity -related problems. In the United States, liposuction is the most common cosmetic surgery .
102-395: Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Robert Luketic (in his feature directorial debut ) and written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith , based on Amanda Brown 's 2001 novel of the same name . It stars Reese Witherspoon , Luke Wilson , Selma Blair , Matthew Davis , Victor Garber , and Jennifer Coolidge . The story follows Elle Woods (Witherspoon),
204-713: A camp sensibility lay behind the successful Carry On films , while in America subversive independent film-maker John Waters made camp films for college audiences with his drag queen friends that eventually found a mainstream audience. The success of the American television show Saturday Night Live drove decades of cinema with racier content allowed on television drawing on the program's stars and characters, with bigger successes including Wayne's World , Mean Girls , Ghostbusters and Animal House . Parody and joke-based films continue to find audiences. While comedic films are among
306-462: A sorority girl who attempts to win back her ex-boyfriend Warner Huntington III (Davis) by getting a Juris Doctor degree at Harvard Law School , and in the process, overcomes stereotypes against blondes and triumphs as a successful lawyer. The outline of Legally Blonde originated from Brown's experiences as a blonde going to Stanford Law School while being obsessed with fashion and beauty, reading Elle magazine, and frequently clashing with
408-473: A "junk-food movie striving to be nutritious." "It's one of your racier Be Yourself after-school specials crossed with Who Moved My Cheese? for Cosmo girls ," Winter asserted. Legally Blonde has received mixed reviews among legal scholars for its depiction of law school and the accuracy of its application of the law. Devin Stone , better known online as LegalEagle, a YouTuber and American lawyer, observed that
510-399: A California law student and sorority president, said in an interview with People magazine. "Elle embodies fighting for what is right, staying true to yourself, and defeating the odds. It's crazy that one movie can do that, you know?" Entertainment reporter Lucy Ford revealed to Witherspoon during an interview in 2018 that she had written her college dissertation on the film and presented her
612-464: A French surgeon, Charles Dujarier, but a 1926 case that resulted in the amputation of the leg of a French dancer due to excessive tissue removal and too-tight suturing set back interest in body contouring for decades. Liposuction evolved from work in the late 1960s from surgeons in Europe using techniques to cut away fat, which were limited to regions without many blood vessels due to the amount of bleeding
714-507: A bar in Los Angeles, McCullah Lutz came up with a solution: "What if Elle shows [Paulette] a move so she can get the UPS guy?" On the spur of the moment, Smith invented a move, standing up and demonstrating what would become the bend and snap. Smith explains, "It was a spontaneous invention. It was a completely drunken moment in a bar." Director Robert Luketic later adapted the "bend and snap" move into
816-445: A blonde attending Stanford Law School , while being obsessed with fashion and beauty, reading Elle magazine, and frequently clashing with the personalities of her peers. Brown said that when she first arrived at Stanford, she discovered she had made a big mistake. "I was in my first week of law school, in 1993, and I saw this flyer for "The Women of Stanford Law," so I was like, 'I'll go and meet some nice girls. Whatever.' I went to
918-427: A cryolipolysis procedure. Radiofrequency-assisted Liposuction, also known as RFAL, is a new procedure that is being done by thermal energy to promote skin tightening and remove unwanted fat. In this technique, radio waves of specific frequency are used to melt fat. Doctors disagree on the issues of scarring with not suturing versus resolution of the swelling allowed by leaving the wounds open to drain fluid. Suturing
1020-421: A dance number for the film. "... It was a fully choreographed number by Toni Basil , and she was awesome," Witherspoon recalls. "She did the whole dance." "I remember just reading it and thinking it was the most hysterical thing ever," she added. "That is still the most asked request I get from people. Even this past year, when I have been giving speeches or talking about whatever, they always ask me, 'Will you do
1122-405: A family law attorney, told Spectrum News . "I think the movie is still very relevant," she added. "Just being a girl and being a woman, the odds are stacked against you still...When I watch the movie now I feel like I'm part of a great club of powerful professional women, like a sorority." "When I got to law school, on the toughest days, I would pop in the movie and get a good laugh," Shalyn Smith,
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#17328525749401224-515: A few months overall body fat generally returns to the same level as before treatment. This is despite maintaining the previous diet and exercise regimen. While the fat returns somewhat to the treated area, most of the increased fat occurs in the abdominal area. Visceral fat —the fat surrounding the internal organs—increases, and this condition has been linked to life-shortening diseases such as diabetes , stroke , and heart attack . There are two different uses for liposuction: Cosmetic liposuction
1326-538: A hospital stay. Suction-assisted lipectomy (aka liposuction) were identified from the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons database maintained by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). The ASPS maintains a registry of plastic surgery cases called TOPS (Tracking Operations & Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons) which is the largest database of plastic surgery cases. The TOPS database
1428-422: A literary agent advised her to adapt them into a novel. Brown took a community college writing class, put together a manuscript, and shopped the book around but was unsuccessful. She later resubmitted her manuscript again, this time in pink, which got the attention of an agent, and "movie people went nuts." Amanda's mother, Suzanne, remembers the day of the bidding war and thought she would be lucky to get $ 10,000 but
1530-561: A musical adaptation premiered on Broadway to mixed reviews, starring Laura Bell Bundy as Elle, Christian Borle as Emmett, Orfeh as Paulette, Nikki Snelson as Brooke, Richard H. Blake as Warner, Kate Shindle as Vivienne, and Michael Rupert as Callahan, running until October 19, 2008. The show, Bundy, Borle, and Orfeh were all nominated for Tony Awards . Later, the Broadway show was the focus of an MTV reality-TV series called Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods , in which
1632-510: A new conclusion was necessary. "It was just kind of a weak ending," explained screenwriter McCullah Lutz. "The kiss didn't feel right because it's not a rom-com — it wasn't about their relationship. So test audiences were saying, 'We want to see what happens — we want to see her succeed.' So that's why we rewrote for graduation". Ubach and Jessica Cauffiel claim that the original ending also included Elle and Vivian drinking margaritas in Hawaii , with
1734-487: A pink-ribbon bound copy. The Legally Blonde soundtrack includes music from Vanessa Carlton , Samantha Mumba , Superchick , and Hoku , who sings the opening song, "Perfect Day." "No one really knew that Legally Blonde was going to be what it was, Literally, [my label heads] were like, 'This movie's not going to become anything.' And then the next thing you know, it's like, this iconic movie. And my song opens it!" Hoku said in an interview with Billboard . "Sitting in
1836-703: A popular destination for US medical tourists, because it is fairly close. Since 2003, the CDC has reported adverse events after cosmetic surgery , particularly due to liposuction in combination with gluteal fat transfer, abdominoplasty , and breast augmentation . During 2009–2022, 93 U.S. citizens died after cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic, and 90% of autopsy-confirmed deaths were due to embolism ; in 55% due to fat embolism and in 35% due to pulmonary venous thromboembolism . Relatively modern techniques for body contouring and removal of fat were first performed by
1938-403: A postoperative complication. Their conclusion was that: Liposuction by board-certified plastic surgeons is safe, with a low risk of life-threatening complications. Traditional liposuction volume thresholds do not accurately convey individualized risk. The authors' risk assessment model showed that volumes above 100 ml per unit of body mass index confer an increased risk of complications. An example
2040-565: A role which Courtney Love and Kathy Najimy had also been considered for, according to some rumors Coolidge heard. For the role of Warner's new girlfriend Vivian, Smith suggested casting Chloë Sevigny . This suggestion did not work out, so Selma Blair was cast instead; Blair and Witherspoon had previously been together in Cruel Intentions , allowing their friendship to be an anchor between their characters. Ali Larter originally wanted to play one of Elle's sorority sisters, but upon reading
2142-418: A separate genre, but rather, provides a better understanding of the film. Liposuction The procedure may be performed under general, regional, or local anesthesia . It involves using a cannula and negative pressure to suck out fat. As a cosmetic procedure it is believed to work best on people with a normal weight and good skin elasticity. While the suctioned fat cells are permanently gone, after
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#17328525749402244-478: A specific type of wand that creates an up and down, vibrating-like motion of the cannula to acquire greater fat removal. When compared to simple suction-assisted liposuction, PAL requires less energy for the surgeon to operate while also resulting in greater fat removal. It is commonly used for difficult, secondary, scarred areas, and when harvesting large volumes of fat for transfers to other areas. Note that techniques can be combined; for instance one could refer to
2346-457: A student at Harvard Law School. Certain elements of law school are also omitted from the film. "The movie totally skipped first semester exams which is like the most stressful time in law school ever," said Fuller. Stone said Woods had no authority to act as a lawyer when she represented Paulette Bonafonté over custody of her dog from her ex-husband and called her conduct a "huge ethical violation." "She hasn't finished law school, she's never passed
2448-515: A successful senator, he believes Elle is not "serious" enough for that kind of life. Elle assumes she can win Warner back if she shows herself capable of achieving the same things. After months of studying, Elle scores a 179 on the Law School Admission Test and, combined with her 4.0 GPA , is accepted to Harvard Law School . During the first semester, Elle discovers her SoCal personality
2550-562: Is a film genre that emphasizes humor . These films are designed to amuse audiences and make them laugh. Films in this genre typically have a happy ending , with dark comedy being an exception to this rule. Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film, and it is derived from classical comedy in theatre . Some of the earliest silent films were slapstick comedies , which often relied on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they could be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music
2652-462: Is a complete contrast to her distrusting East Coast classmates. Elle learns of Warner's engagement to his previous girlfriend, Vivian Kensington, and befriends local manicurist Paulette Bonafonté. Later, as Elle tells Warner she intends to apply for one of her professor's internships, he says she is not smart enough. Realizing that Warner will neither take her back nor take her seriously, Elle decides to improve herself by demonstrating her understanding of
2754-443: Is beneficial in people with a particular skin tone, in liposuction of areas that are more difficult to remove fat, that include treatment of gynecomastia, or areas where secondary liposuction is being performed. Referred to as Smart Lipo, this technique uses laser technology to coagulate and tighten the skin and boost collagen performance. Uses include "cankles", debulking surgery for elephantiasis nostras and lipedema. Sold under
2856-436: Is inserted into subcutaneous fat through a small opening or incision in the skin. The outside diameter of micro-cannulas range from 1 mm to 3 mm. This technique does not require a particular wand and is most often performed with either tumescent liposuction or WAL (below). It refers to the specific surgical technique, the skill of the surgeon, and the extensive training that is unique to removing lipedema fat. Because
2958-515: Is more common with a large cannula. Since the incisions are small, and the amount of fluid that must drain out is large, some surgeons opt to leave the incisions open, while others suture them only partially, leaving space for the fluid to drain out. Liposuction is considered very safe, though not all liposuction surgery is equal. Small volume liposuction (<1,000 cc) done awake is different from large volume liposuction (>5,000 cc, in some cases 10,000 cc) done with anesthesia and
3060-434: Is only voluntary, not available to the public, and does not follow cases long-term or get testimony and experience of patients, only from doctors who profit from doing liposuction. Based on this database, no deaths were found in about 4,500 cases done by plastic surgeons 2009–10. However, non-plastic surgeons are not included in this. In a 2015 study, 69 of 4,534 patients (1.5 percent) meeting inclusion criteria experienced
3162-499: Is removed via a cannula (a hollow tube) and aspirator (a suction device). Liposuction techniques can be categorized by the amount of fluid injected, and by the mechanism by which the cannula works. If the removed fat is used as filler for the face, lips, or breasts, knowledge of the precise technique used to remove the fat is indicated. There are numerous types of liposuction. Some can be described as techniques or modalities. These techniques of liposuction are categorized depending upon
Legally Blonde - Misplaced Pages Continue
3264-427: Is shallow and a "complete bonehead". However, she and Vivian become best friends, especially after Vivian dumps Warner. Elle gives the graduation speech two years later, while Warner graduates with no honors, no job offers, and no girlfriend. Emmett has started his own law firm, with plans to propose to Elle later that night. Amanda Brown published Legally Blonde in 2001, basing it upon her real life experiences as
3366-440: Is shown in the film, Woods would not be able to question a witness on the stand during a criminal trial, according to W. Bradley Wendel, a law professor at Cornell Law School . The film cites Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Rule 3.03 as precedent for Woods being able to represent a client while under the supervision of a licensed attorney, but the ruling only applies to third-year law students. More than twenty years later,
3468-419: Is the case of Aarthi Agarwal , a Bollywood actress who died six weeks after liposuction surgery after going into cardiac arrest. A spectrum of complications may occur due to any liposuction. Risk is increased when treated areas cover a greater percentage of the body, incisions are numerous, a large amount of tissue is removed, and concurrent surgeries are done at the same time. To address safety issues, in 2009
3570-460: Is used to change the body's contour or shape, to aesthetically improve the appearance of body parts and contour. It should not be used for weight loss . Benefits from cosmetic liposuction appear to be of a short-term nature with little long-term effect. After a few months fat typically returns and redistributes. Liposuction does not help obesity -related metabolic disorders like insulin resistance . Reconstructive, medically necessary liposuction
3672-466: Is used to treat lipedema , to remove excess fat in the chronic medical condition lymphedema , and to remove lipomas from areas of the body. Many articles refer to liposuction as "cosmetic" and not reimbursable by medical insurance companies. Most of this information is outdated. If the documentation supports the liposuction for a medical reason ( lipedema , lymphedema , lipomas ) as reconstructive, and not investigational, experimental, or unproven,
3774-426: The ammonium thioglycolate , pointing out Chutney's curls are still intact. A distraught Chutney admits killing her father, as she intended to kill Brooke because her father married someone the same age as her. After the trial, Chutney is taken into custody, Brooke is cleared of all charges, and Elle is hailed by the media. Warner asks Elle to take him back since she has proven herself, but she rejects him, realizing he
3876-561: The bar and she has absolutely no right to call herself an attorney," Stone observed. "That's called the unauthorized practice of law . If anyone finds out that she committed this...while she was at Harvard Law School, she'd probably be barred from entering the bar in virtually any state in the United States." Unauthorized practice of law in Massachusetts carries a fine of $ 100 or imprisonment for not more than six months. Contrary to what
3978-622: The 2002 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance . The box office success led to a series of films : a 2003 sequel, Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde , and a 2009 direct-to-DVD spin-off, Legally Blondes . Additionally, Legally Blonde: The Musical premiered on January 23, 2007, in San Francisco and opened in New York City at the Palace Theatre on Broadway on April 29, 2007, starring Laura Bell Bundy . In May 2020, it
4080-612: The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) published Evidence-Based Patient Safety Advisory: Liposuction . This 17-page document addresses key safety issues and offers recommendations. In addition, the increase in tumescent and lymph-sparing techniques have had a positive impact on diminishing complications. In a 2009 paper, the author found from a series of 3,240 procedures, no deaths occurred, and no complications requiring hospitalization were experienced. In nine cases, complications developed that needed further action. The conclusion
4182-448: The WAL wand both injects the solution and suctions the fat. BodyJet is a Water-Assisted Liposuction system. This rare and unique term for liposuction for lipedema is used in a specific paper by Campisi, Fibro-Lipo-Lymph-Aspiration With a Lymph Vessel Sparing Procedure to Treat Advanced Lymphedema After Multiple Lymphatic-Venous Anastomoses: The Complete Treatment Protocol . This term emphasizes
Legally Blonde - Misplaced Pages Continue
4284-441: The all components of the loose connective tissue including removing fibrosis in the interstitial space. Ultrasound-assisted liposuction techniques used in the 1980s and 1990s were associated with cases of tissue damage, usually from excessive exposure to ultrasound energy. Third-generation UAL devices address this problem by using pulsed energy delivery and a specialized probe that allows physicians to safely remove excess fat. UAL
4386-518: The application process portrayed in the movie in which Elle Woods sent the Harvard Law School admissions board a video essay was not possible. "There's no way to upload that on the law school application system," Stone noted. "During orientation, Harvard Law School actually played the clip of Elle's admissions video with the admissions committee deciding to let her in, and then they swore that's not how they made decisions," explained Jameyanne Fuller,
4488-415: The bend and snap?' I have a feeling I will be doing the bend and snap until I am 95". While filming the courthouse scenes, Raquel Welch requested cinematographer Anthony B. Richmond special lightning for her scenes as Mrs. Windham Vandermark due to her obsession with light and dressed on her own accord to look better. The film originally ended at the courthouse right after Woods won the case, with Elle on
4590-425: The brand name of CoolSculpting, cryolipolyis is not a type of liposuction but rather a non-surgical fat reduction procedure that freezes fat cells; it is an FDA-approved, non-invasive procedure that uses cooling to disrupt fat cells underneath the dermis. This freezing energy crystallizes and eventually kills targeted fat cells without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. The body's metabolic processes work to remove
4692-468: The cases developed pseudocysts that required removal of the capsule ( cyst ) through a wider incision (>5 mm (0.20 in)) and the use of the panotome. The Fischers called their procedure liposculpture. Yves-Gérard Illouz and Fournier extended the Fischers' work to the whole body, which they were able to use by using different sized cannulae. Illouz later developed the "wet" technique in which
4794-548: The character by studying sorority girls on their campuses and associated hot spots. She went to dinner with them and joked she was conducting an "anthropological study". "I could have gone into this and been really ditsy and played what I would have thought this character was, and I would have missed a whole other side of her," Witherspoon added. "But by going down to Beverly Hills, hanging out in Neiman Marcus , eating in their cafe and seeing how these women walk and speak, I got into
4896-526: The claim is medically necessary and should be reimbursed. While most insurance companies may initially deny the claim, many can be won upon appeal if the documentation and patient's need supports the criteria for reconstructive surgery . The techniques and terms listed below: tumescent, lymph-sparing, Tumescent Local Anesthesia (TLA), Water-Assisted Liposuction (WAL), Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL), Laser-Assisted Liposuction (LAL) all apply to reconstructive, medically necessary liposuction. In general, fat
4998-407: The courthouse steps sharing a victory kiss with Emmett, then cutting one year into the future to her and a now-blonde Vivian starting their own Blonde Legal Defense Club at law school. After test audiences revealed they did not like this ending, McCullah Lutz and Smith consulted with Luketic, Platt and other members of the production team while still in the lobby of the movie theater and they all agreed
5100-404: The crew felt that the character should be American whereas Bettany is British. The final product came after "something like 10 drafts of the script. I worked with the writers (Kirsten Smith, Karen McCullah Lutz, working from Amanda Brown's novel) who stayed on after we started shooting," Luketic explained. "And we'd have re-thinks and re-writes, often in the middle of the night." An unused idea for
5202-417: The dead fat cells. Coolsculpting is not recommended for those with lipedema, lymphedema or other conditions that affect the lymphatic system. Comparing fat freezing to liposuction, which requires immediate removal of larger quantities of fat, needs anesthesia with a higher potential for scarring and subsequent significant recovery period. The model Linda Evangelista reportedly was left unrecognisable after
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#17328525749405304-689: The face, and Reese just fit the bill." Witherspoon was the first person who read the script, and it was not sent to any other actresses; casting director Joseph Middleton had also previously worked with Witherspoon in The Man in the Moon and A Far Off Place , so he strongly believed in her for the role when Platt brought up Witherspoon's name. Applegate turned down the role and Platt suggested at one point to cast Britney Spears , but McCullah convinced him to not cast Spears after her Saturday Night Live appearance. Despite Luketic's enthusiasm for Witherspoon to be cast as
5406-496: The fat tissue was injected with saline and hyaluronidase , which helped dissolve tissue holding the fat, prior to suctioning. Lidocaine was also added as a local anesthetic. Fournier also advocated using compression after the operation, and travelled and lectured to spread the technique. The Europeans had performed the procedures under general anesthesia; in the 1980s, American dermatologists pioneered techniques allowing only local anesthetics to be used; Jeffrey A. Klein published
5508-405: The film and its screenplay. Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter described the film as "predictable, cutesy and surprisingly short on genuine humor" but "still gets by thanks to the magnetic presence of Witherspoon." Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post called the movie a " Clueless redux but without the edgy, knowing wit." Jessica Winter of The Village Voice panned the film as
5610-469: The film continues to inspire generations of filmgoers, many of them women who went on to become prospective law students. "At least once a week, I have a woman come up to me and say, 'I went to law school because of Legally Blonde ,'" Witherspoon said. "It's incredible...You can be unapologetically feminine but also smart and driven." "When I saw the movie I just felt it gave me like a real surge of motivation because I really identified with her," Layla Summers,
5712-515: The film industry due to their popularity. In The Screenwriters Taxonomy (2017), Eric R. Williams contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon a film's atmosphere, character, and story, and therefore, the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, his taxonomy argues that comedy is a type of film that contains at least a dozen different sub-types. A number of hybrid genres have emerged, such as action comedy and romantic comedy . The first comedy film
5814-469: The film is pink. "The backstory is, Reese and I, and maybe the production designers, went to visit some sororities [in downtown Los Angeles]. We knew that she needed a signature color, and we were like, 'Do we really want it to be pink? It's so on the nose. It's so feminine. Could we do lavender? Could we do light blue? Is there another color that we could do?' When we met all the sorority girls, it had to be pink." Witherspoon sported 40 different hairstyles in
5916-601: The film was "impossible to dislike" and "Witherspoon effortlessly animated this material with sunshine and quick wit." Todd McCarthy of Variety said Witherspoon gave a "wonderful and winning" performance. "Beaming star wattage out of every pore, not to mention her hair, Witherspoon once again proves herself a comedienne worthy of comparison to such golden era greats as Carole Lombard and Ginger Rogers ." Michael Wilmington of Chicago Tribune also commended Witherspoon's performance, saying her "comic timing immaculate, her persona irresistible. But it's her spirit and immersion in
6018-413: The film. "Oh my God, it became known as 'The Hair That Ate Hollywood,'" Luketic said. "It became all about the hair. I have this obsession with flyaways. It would annoy Reese a little bit because I would always have hairdressers in her face. But really the most time and research and testing on the set went into getting the color right, because 'blonde' is subject to interpretation, I found." Luketic said he
6120-450: The final figure was considerably more. Producer Marc Platt was intrigued by the character of Elle Woods when an unpublished novel manuscript was delivered to him. "What I loved about this story is that it's hilarious, it's sexy and, at the same time, it's empowering," says Platt. "The world looks at Elle and sees someone who is blonde and beautiful but nothing more. Elle, on the other hand, doesn't judge herself or anybody else. She thinks
6222-448: The finished film included having a cameo appearance of Judge Judy during Elle's Harvard video essay in which Elle and her friends chased down the show's host, but the scene was cut when Judge Judy Sheindlin could not get on board. Alanna Ubach suggested instead to cast Witherspoon's then-husband Ryan Phillippe for the part, rewritten as a male character, but Witherspoon did not feel the idea would play out. Witherspoon researched
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#17328525749406324-708: The images of her as an undergraduate and being in a sorority ... we felt there was too much stereotyping going on," says Elijah May, campus filming coordinator at USC. The production settled on having Elle go to a fictional college called CULA. Although the film was primarily set at Harvard University , campus scenes were filmed at USC, University of California, Los Angeles , California Institute of Technology , and Rose City High School in Pasadena, California . Production initially lasted from October to December 2000. The "bend and snap" scene — where Elle explains to Paulette how to get her crush's attention — almost did not make it into
6426-485: The implication that they were either now best friends or involved romantically although Smith and McCullah never wrote such ending. Other endings proposed for the film included a musical number in which Elle, the judge, the jury and everyone in the courthouse broke into singing and dancing. The screenwriters wrote a new ending taking place at graduation, which was filmed at Dulwich College in London, England since Witherspoon
6528-575: The lead, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was not convinced. Witherspoon's performance as Tracy Flick in Election put her at risk of being typecast by the studio heads. "They thought I was a shrew ," Witherspoon told The Hollywood Reporter . Witherspoon had been passed over for several other post- Election roles. "My manager finally called and said, 'You've got to go meet with the studio head because he will not approve you. He thinks you really are your character from Election and that you're repellent.' And then I
6630-437: The longitudinal orientation of cannulas is used at critical junctures. Preoperatively critical lymphatic structures are scanned and marked. FLLA surgery is significantly more time-consuming than cosmetic surgery often requiring 4–5 hours per body part; much larger aspirate volume is removed versus cosmetic suction lipectomy. The benefit to lymphatics function comes not only from the removal of subcutaneous adipose tissue, but also
6732-403: The material is predictable and formulaic, Reese Witherspoon's funny, nuanced performance makes this movie better than it would have been otherwise." On Metacritic the film has a score of 59 out of 100, based on 32 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A−" on scale of A to F. Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars, saying
6834-451: The meeting, and these were not women. These were really angry people. The woman who was leading it spent three years at Stanford trying to change the name ' semester ' to 'ovester.' I started laughing and I realized everyone in the room took it very seriously. So I didn't make any friends there." Brown wrote letters to her parents about these experiences and originally thought about writing a book of essays about her law school experience until
6936-743: The most popular with audiences at the box office, there is an 'historical bias against a close and serious consideration of comedy' when it comes to critical reception and conferring of awards, such as at the Academy Awards . Film writer Cailian Savage observes "Comedies have won Oscars, although they’ve usually been comedy-dramas, involved very depressing scenes, or appealed to stone-hearted drama lovers in some other way, such as Shakespeare in Love ." According to Williams' taxonomy , all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) sub-genres. This combination does not create
7038-449: The movie. "[Producer] Marc Platt wanted a B plot for Paulette (Jennifer Coolidge)," McCullah Lutz told Entertainment Weekly . "At first we were like, 'Should the store be robbed?'" Co-writer Kirsten Smith observed, "I think we spent a week or two trying to figure out what the B plot and this big set piece should be. There were crime plots. We were pitching scene after scene and it all felt very tonally weird". Later, while brainstorming at
7140-514: The murder, which Elle promises not to disclose. Vivian later gains a new respect for Elle and reveals Warner's father helped him get in. Emmett Richmond, Callahan's junior partner, also discovers her potential. One night, Callahan attempts to seduce Elle, who assumes that is why she became an intern. She quits in devastation and tells Emmett what happened. Brooke, after learning of Callahan's behavior, replaces him with Elle under Emmett's guidance, as law students may represent clients if they do so under
7242-438: The part that really infuse the whole film and make it work." He added that Witherspoon [pours] "so much humor and pizazz into Elle that she lifts up the whole movie." B. Ruby Rich of The Nation called it "the best empowerment movie for teenage girls to come along in ages." CNN 's Paul Clinton lauded the film as a "sassy satire that retains a message: believe in yourself and follow your dreams." Others were more critical of
7344-553: The personalities of her peers. In 2000, Brown met producer Marc Platt , who helped her develop her manuscript into a novel. Platt brought in screenwriters McCullah Lutz and Smith to adapt the book into a motion picture. The project caught the attention of director Luketic, an Australian newcomer who came to Hollywood on the success of his quirky debut short film Titsiana Booberini . "I had been reading scripts for two years, not finding anything I could put my own personal mark on, until Legally Blonde came around," Luketic said. The film
7446-508: The premiere and hearing my song open the movie, and everyone's cheering – it felt like, 'I've really arrived now, folks.'" The soundtrack album was released July 10, 2001, by A&M Records. The success of the film spawned a sequel, Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde , a musical , one straight-to-home video release starring British twins Camilla and Rebecca Rosso , Legally Blondes , and an upcoming 2025 prequel series announced by Amazon Prime Video , Elle . In April 2007,
7548-428: The procedure as "lymph-sparing, tumescent liposuction using a vibrating (PAL) microcannula to treat lipedema." A specific technique and wand commonly used for patients who require lymph-sparing liposuction for lipedema. The lipedema fat is removed using a fan-shaped jet of water, which includes the anesthetic. In contrast to tumescent liposuction above, where the anesthetic solution is injected separately and beforehand,
7650-467: The reality of the character. I saw how polite these women are, and I saw how much they value their female friendships and how important it is to support each other". The cast and crew also did a lot of research, with McCullah and Smith visiting the Stanford Law School for a week during orientation time; a scene of a group composed of new students going around in a circle was inspired on law students
7752-418: The role. "We met at a hotel on Sunset Boulevard and discussed the film...we were both concerned about some aspects, like how can the audience feel sorry for a rich girl driving a Porsche ; and she had to dress in a very particular way that wasn't distracting or off-putting...And every decision came from a certain innocence [of the character]." Jennifer Coolidge was cast as Elle's manicurist friend Paulette,
7854-446: The scope is different for removal of lipedema fat versus cosmetic contouring, if lymph-sparing is not addressed in the surgical operative notes, a medical necessity review committee could determine that the procedure poses “a risk to the lymph system.” This may be referenced either way above, but the technique is the same. This is an anesthesia technique recommended for lymph-sparing liposuction surgery. Tumescent Liposuction refers to
7956-404: The screenwriters eavesdropped during their visit. They also sat for the criminal law and constitutional law classes; McCullah particularly got bored during the second class despite finding the first interesting, but this inspired her to write some scenes during that class. Reese Witherspoon said in an interview regarding her character: You see so many beautiful people in this world, especially in
8058-474: The script, she fell in love with the character of Brooke Taylor Windham, the fitness instructor on trial for murder. The screenwriters envisioned Luke Wilson as they were coming up with Elle's love interest Emmett Richmond. "They auditioned a bunch of other guys and we're like, 'How about auditioning Luke Wilson for the Luke Wilson role?'" McCullah Lutz said. Middleton desired to cast Paul Bettany as Emmett, but
8160-568: The struggling MGM studio, and it went on to gross $ 96.5 million in North America and $ 45.2 million elsewhere, for a worldwide total of $ 141.7 million. The film was released in the United Kingdom on October 26, 2001, and opened on #2, behind American Pie 2 . On Rotten Tomatoes Legally Blonde has an approval rating of 71% based on reviews from 150 critics, with an average rating of 6.20/10. The site's consensus reads, "Though
8262-428: The subject. The following semester, Harvard's most respected teacher Professor Callahan hires some first-year interns, including Elle, Warner, and Vivian, to participate in a high-profile case involving prominent fitness instructor Brooke Windham, one of Elle's role models. Accused of murdering her husband, Brooke is unwilling to produce her alibi, and she later reveals to Elle she was secretly having liposuction during
8364-399: The supervision of a licensed attorney. While cross-examining Brooke's stepdaughter, Chutney, Elle eventually discovers significant inconsistencies in her story: Chutney testified she was home during her father's murder but did not hear the gunshot because she was in the shower after getting her hair permed that morning. Elle says washing permed hair within the first 24 hours would deactivate
8466-561: The technique caused. In the mid-1970s in Rome, Arpad Fischer and his son Giorgio Fischer created the technique of using a blunt cannula linked to suction; they used it only to remove fat on the outer thighs. In 1977, Arpad Fischer and Giorgio Fischer reviewed 245 cases with the planotome instrument for treating cellulite in the lateral trochanteric (hip-thigh) areas. There was a 4.9 per cent incidence of seromas , despite incision-wound suction catheters and compression dressings; 2 per cent of
8568-472: The time, so it's been a lot of effort to stay up and the amount of care and energy she puts into a lot things has really been a challenge for me and trying to convey that lightness all the time is hard work. The film's costume designer, Sophie De Rakoff, became fast friends with Witherspoon on the set, bonding over Dolly Parton . "It was that simple. We just liked each other, and geeked out on Dolly," De Rakoff said. The dominant color palette for Elle's outfits in
8670-450: The type of energy used for the liquifaction of fat. Often surgeons will use two or more of the different techniques below in the same session. This is the most generic term for liposuction. In the CPT manual it is referred to as "suction-assisted lipectomy" and includes codes: 15876–15879. This does not address a particular technique but the diameter of the cannula, a stainless steel tube which
8772-474: The uniqueness of the reconstructive procedure versus the cosmetic procedure. Everything about the surgical suction application via cannula is different from standard suction lipectomy. The goal of FLLA is to relieve symptoms such as pain, ameliorate disability, improve function and quality of life, and halt disease progression. Only small blunt cannulas are used, great care is used to not injure lymphatic which are already abnormal and increased risk of injury. Only
8874-420: The use of anesthesia during liposuction. The word “tumescent” means swollen and firm. By injecting a large volume of very dilute lidocaine (local anesthetic) and epinephrine (capillary constrictor) into subcutaneous fat, the targeted tissue becomes swollen and firm, or tumescent. This technique does not require a special or specific type of wand. Referred to as "a vibrating cannula" in research studies, PAL uses
8976-508: The use of comedy film to make social statements by building their narratives around sensitive cultural, political or social issues. Such films include Dr Strangelove, or How I Learned to Love the Bomb , Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? and The Graduate . In America, the sexual revolution drove an appetite for comedies that celebrated and parodied changing social morals, including Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and Fanny Hill . In Britain,
9078-565: The winner would take over the role of Elle on Broadway. Bailey Hanks from Anderson, South Carolina, won the competition. Legally Blonde also had a three-year run at the Savoy Theatre in London's West End , starring Sheridan Smith , Susan McFadden , and Carley Stenson as Elle, and Duncan James , Richard Fleeshman , Simon Thomas, and Ben Freeman as Warner. During its run, the cast also included Alex Gaumond , Denise Van Outen , and Lee Mead . Comedy film The comedy film
9180-438: The world that I live in and a lot of your first instincts is to discount women who put a lot of effort into their looks as maybe not serious about their job or maybe not serious about their relationships ... I think everyone naturally jumps to those conclusions ... I was interested in exploring the difference between [the way] someone looks and how people perceive them and how they really are. I'm not necessarily perky and bubbly all
9282-440: The world's great, she's great, everyone's great and nothing can change that. She's truly an irrepressible modern heroine." Screenwriters Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith spent two days on Stanford's campus in the spring of 2000 doing research for their screenplay based on Brown's novel. Director Robert Luketic , an Australian newcomer who came to Hollywood on the success of his quirky debut short film Titsiana Booberini ,
9384-414: Was L'Arroseur Arrosé (1895), directed and produced by film pioneer Louis Lumière . Less than a minute long, it shows a boy playing a prank on a gardener. The most notable comedy actors of the silent film era (1895–1927) were Charlie Chaplin , Harold Lloyd , and Buster Keaton , though they were able to make the transition into “ talkies ” after the 1920s. Film-makers in the 1960s skillfully employed
9486-451: Was "terrified" on his first day of filming. "I come from making a ten-minute short with a crew of ten people to a crew of 200 and having enough trucks and trailers to wrap around a city block." Both the University of Southern California and Stanford refused to allow the producers to use their college names in the film. "[The producers of the film] asked if they could set the film at USC, but
9588-403: Was announced that Mindy Kaling and Dan Goor were signed to write a third film. The third film was set to release in 2022 but has been delayed to an undisclosed date. In California, fashion merchandising student and sorority girl Elle Woods is taken to a local restaurant by her boyfriend, Warner Huntington III. She expects a proposal, but he breaks up with her instead. Intending to become
9690-487: Was decided to change the film's plot, McCullah and Smith finessed some details and added a few characters, like Paulette. Charlize Theron , Gwyneth Paltrow , Alicia Silverstone , Katherine Heigl , Christina Applegate , Milla Jovovich and Jennifer Love Hewitt were all considered for the lead role but Luketic said he "knew on page five of the script that [he] wanted Reese to play Elle." "I wanted someone with gravitas and brains," he explained. "There had to be more behind
9792-426: Was drawn to the project while looking for a breakthrough film. "I had been reading scripts for two years, not finding anything I could put my own personal mark on, until Legally Blonde came around," Luketic said. Luketic explained that when the studio first green-lit the project, they were not aware that the film would be structured as a progressively feel-good, women's empowerment movie. "Initially, they thought it
9894-477: Was going to be much more wet T-shirts and boobs than it actually turned out to be", said Luketic. In fact, the first script for Legally Blonde was edgy and raunchy in a similar vein to American Pie . The murder trial was not part of the plot and the film ended with Elle getting into a relationship with a professor. "It transformed from nonstop zingers that were very adult in nature to this universal story of overcoming adversity by being oneself," said Smith. When it
9996-409: Was in that city filming The Importance of Being Earnest . Witherspoon had also cut her hair for that film and Wilson had shaved his head for The Royal Tenenbaums . As both actors had changed their hair for their next movies, each had to wear wigs for the scene. Legally Blonde was released on July 13, 2001 in North America. Its opening weekend gross of $ 20 million made it a sleeper hit for
10098-417: Was played in sync with the action on the screen, on pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but also from humorous dialogue . Comedy, compared with other film genres , places more focus on individual star actors, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to
10200-436: Was released on July 13, 2001, and was a hit with audiences, grossing $ 141 million worldwide on an $ 18 million budget, as well as receiving moderately positive reviews from critics, with particular praise going to Witherspoon's performance. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture: Musical or Comedy . Witherspoon received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and
10302-475: Was that liposuction using exclusively Tumescent Local Anesthesia (TLA) is a proven safe procedure provided that the existing guidelines are meticulously followed. Serious complications include deep vein thrombosis , organ perforation , bleeding, and infection . As of 2011, death was reported to occurs in about one per ten thousand cases. To obtain liposuction at lower cost or at a shorter wait may encourage medical tourism . The Dominican Republic has been
10404-470: Was told to dress sexy." Witherspoon went through several rounds of auditions for the part, even meeting with executives in character with a Southern California accent. "I remember a room full of men who were asking me questions about being a coed and being in a sorority," Witherspoon recalled. "Even though I had dropped out of college four years earlier and I have never been inside a sorority house." Luketic remembered meeting with her to discuss how she'd approach
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