59-560: The Delano Police Department is the agency responsible for law enforcement within the City of Delano , California . The department is divided into three divisions; Administrative Division, Patrol Division, and Investigations Division. It contains approximately 80 employees, which consists of California Sworn Peace Officers and civilian employees. The Delano Police Department headquarters is located at 2330 High Street Delano, CA 93215 Kern County. This United States law enforcement agency article
118-419: A boom. With Delano as the southern terminus of the railroad, it became the headquarters for hundreds of workmen who were building the railroad into town, and who eventually built the railroad into Bakersfield the following year. Meanwhile, the merchandise that formerly was trucked south from Visalia to Bakersfield and then to Walker Pass, or perhaps Tejon Pass, en route to Los Angeles , now coming via freight from
177-661: A boycott of grapes grown at ranches without UFW contracts. In the summer of 1966, unions and religious groups from Seattle and Portland endorsed the boycott. Supporters formed a boycott committee in Vancouver, prompting an outpouring of support from Canadians that would continue throughout the following years. In 1967, UFW supporters in Oregon began picketing stores in Eugene, Salem, and Portland. After melon workers went on strike in Texas, growers held
236-510: A changing political mission, reduced budgets, and changes in technology. Delano's two school districts currently operate eight elementary schools, three middle schools, three comprehensive high schools and two alternative high schools. The city has its own police department and contracts with the Kern County Fire Department for fire services, EMS services are privately provided by local company, Delano Ambulance Service. Delano
295-603: A continuation high school, and an adult education center. Bakersfield College , a community college , serves the community of Delano and the rural communities of northern Kern and southern Tulare counties with a satellite campus at the Delano Center, approximately 35 miles north of the main campus in Bakersfield, California . The Delano Area Rapid Transit (DART) provides fixed route bus service on four routes and demand responsive public transportation service (Dial-A- Ride) to
354-551: A desire to support the Filipinos' efforts, Chavez decided to hold an emergency conference at the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church (Iglesia Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe) on September 16 to allow NFWA members to decide for themselves whether or not to join the struggle at Delano. A crowd of more than twelve hundred supporters attended the meeting and overwhelmingly voted in favor of joining the strike, with members repeatedly chanting, "Huelga!" –
413-787: A largely Hispanic union led by Cesar Chavez , joined the strike within a week. During the strike, the two groups joined forces and formed the United Farm Workers of America (UFW). By 1970, the UFW won a contract with major grape growers across California. Major farm employers in Delano include Wonderful Citrus , Columbine Vineyards, Munger Farms, Lucich Farms, and Hronis. Other major employers include Adventist Health Hospital Delano, Walmart , The Home Depot , Sears (distribution only; no retail), Vallarta Supermarkets , Delano Joint Union High School District , Delano Union Elementary School District , and
472-567: A law allowing for secret ballot union representation elections for farm workers. By mid-September, the UFW won the right to represent 4,500 workers at 24 farms, while the Teamsters won the right to represent 4,000 workers at 14 farms. The UFW won the majority of the elections in which it participated. The Teamsters signed an agreement with the UFW in 1977, promising to end its efforts to represent farm workers. The boycott of grapes, lettuce, and Gallo Winery products officially ended in 1978. Despite
531-611: A predominantly Filipino and AFL-CIO-sponsored labor organization, against table grape growers in Delano, California to fight against the exploitation of farm workers. The strike began on September 8, 1965, and one week later, the predominantly Mexican National Farmworkers Association (NFWA) joined the cause. In August 1966, the AWOC and the NFWA merged to create the United Farm Workers (UFW) Organizing Committee. The strike lasted for five years and
590-674: A result of this, many Filipino leaders and union members such as Larry Itliong left the union, as they felt overlooked and their needs, especially of the older Filipino workers, unprioritized. The consequence of the visions conflicting between Filipino and Mexican farmworkers lead another Filipino leader Philip Vera Cruz decide to leave the union following Cesar Chavez’s meeting with Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos where Chavez received recognition in Marcos’ regime. This essentially meant that Filipino leadership and workers were on their own trying to represent themselves to achieve their needs. Tensions in
649-561: A variety of other significant users. Many military, air charter, air ambulance, and other flying services operate from the airport on a regular basis. The Cinco De Mayo Fiesta celebrates Mexican culture with live entertainment and a carnival at Memorial Park. This four-day celebrations commemorates Cinco de Mayo . Delano is home to the Annual Philippine Weekend festival which celebrates Filipino Culture through performing arts and cultural activities. The festival aims to continue
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#1732852694209708-501: A vast number of Giant Sequoia groves, impressive granite monoliths, scenic canyons and meadows. The Tule Elk State Reserve provides protection to the Tule elk which in the past were in danger of extinction. Lake Woollomes is a popular location. The Kern National Wildlife Refuge is nearby. The Shirley Meadows Ski Area, located on Green Horn Mountain provides skiing opportunities. The nearby Kern River and Isabella Lake are popular during
767-401: A victory for the UFW and farm workers. By 1968, the UFW had signed contracts with 10 different table grape growers, which included Schenley Industries and DiGiorgio Corporation, but strikes and boycotts did not cease until 1970, when 26 table grape growers signed contracts with the UFW. Contracts between the UFW and grape growers were the first of their kind in agricultural history, and alongside
826-586: Is Delano's major industry. The area is particularly well known as a center for the growing of table grapes . Delano is also home to two California state prisons, North Kern State Prison and Kern Valley State Prison . The Voice of America once operated one of its largest, most powerful shortwave broadcast facilities at a station outside Delano at 35°45′15″N 119°17′7″W / 35.75417°N 119.28528°W / 35.75417; -119.28528 . The Voice of America ceased broadcasts in October 2007, citing
885-514: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Delano, California Delano ( / d ə ˈ l eɪ n oʊ / də- LAY -noh ) is a city in Kern County , California , United States . Delano is located about 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Bakersfield at an elevation of 315 feet (96 m). The population was 51,428 in 2020, down from 53,041 in 2010. It is Kern County's second-largest city after Bakersfield. Agriculture
944-568: Is most notable for the effective implementation and adaptation of boycotts, the unprecedented partnership between Filipino and Mexican farm workers to unionize farm labor, and the resulting creation of the UFW labor union, all of which revolutionized the farm labor movement in America. Preceding the Delano grape strike was another grape strike organized by Filipino farm workers that occurred in Coachella Valley , California on May 3, 1965. Because
1003-801: The United Auto Workers Union , who provided publicity and financial support for the strike, as well as Dolores Huerta , who would go on to become a co-founder of the United Farmworkers Union when the AWOC and the NFWA merged together. Huerta subsequently expanded the network of the UFW by organizing Grape boycott efforts in New York and New Jersey. On September 8, 1965, Itliong, Vera Cruz, Gines, Imutan, and more than 1,000 Filipino farm workers walked off of vineyards and began their strike against Delano table grape growers. In response to strikers, grape growers hired Mexican farm workers to cross
1062-513: The 8,409 households 56.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.8% were non-families. 10.8% of households were one person and 5.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.02 and the average family size was 4.27. The age distribution was 32.5% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% 65 or older. The median age
1121-469: The AWOC unanimously voted to go on strike the next morning. In response to the success of the strike organized by the AWOC, the NFWA organized a meeting of 1,200 Mexican farmworkers on September 16th, 1965 at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Delano. The meeting was tactfully held on Mexican Independence Day to rouse the Mexican identity of the farmers, a technique that would go on to define the grape strike. At
1180-779: The Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee merged and became known as the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, with Cesar Chavez and Larry Itliong being head and assistant director respectively. In August 1966, the AFL-CIO charted the UFW, officially combining the AWOC and the NFWA. After a record harvest in the fall of 1965, thousands of California farm workers went on strike and demanded union representation elections. Many were arrested by police and injured by growers while picketing. The growers used many tactics to intimidate and harass
1239-667: The Kiddie Parade. Furthermore, the city of Delano, in addition to the Delano Union Elementary School District, host the Harvest Holidays Kiddie Parade, which allows the young ones to be the stars for a day as they wave to the crowds down Main Street. The four day event ends with carnival rides, games, food, and music at Memorial Park. Christmas Parade The nearby Sequoia National Forest includes
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#17328526942091298-718: The North Kern-South Tulare Hospital District. According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 14.4 square miles (37 km ); over 99% of which is land. Delano's climate is typical of the San Joaquin Valley . It is located within a desert climatic zone with Mediterranean features. The city receives 7.51 in (191 mm) of rainfall annually, mainly in
1357-455: The Spanish word for strike – in favor of supporting the Delano grape farmer workers. September 16, 1965 marked the day that Filipino and Mexican farm workers officially joined forces to picket together and fight for farm labor justice. On March 17, 1966, Cesar Chavez embarked on a 300-mile pilgrimage from Delano, California to the state's capital of Sacramento . This was an attempt to pressure
1416-484: The U.S. and Canada in celebration of International Grape Boycott Day. Cesar Chavez also went on a speaking tour along the East Coast to ask for support from labor groups, religious groups, and universities. Mapping UFW Strikes, Boycotts, and Farm Worker Actions 1965-1975 shows over 1,000 farm worker strikes, boycotts, and other actions. The Delano strike and the events that transpired throughout 1960 to 1975 resulted in
1475-556: The UFW between Filipino and Mexican farmworkers would lead The Teamsters to take advantage of the internal chaos within the UFW to become the victors of promoting The Teamsters’ traditional labor system of benefiting the farmworkers, getting the attention of some of the UFW’s Filipino workers to switch to The Teamsters, escaping from the UFW’s alternative labor system that essentially promoted racial discrimination against Filipinos. Following
1534-417: The UFW continued to avoid violent protest. Chavez repeatedly encouraged the people to "not react against the violence," stating that "we can change the world if we do it nonviolently." There was a lot of support towards nonviolent protest across the country and Chavez wanted to continue with that focus. The UFW sent two workers and a student activist to follow a grape shipment from one of the picketed growers to
1593-417: The age of 18 living in them, 5,968 (58.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,089 (20.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 894 (8.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 833 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 61 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 990 households (9.6%) were one person and 424 (4.1%) had someone living alone who
1652-595: The boycott. In 1969, support for farm workers increased throughout North America. The grape boycott spread into the South as civil rights groups pressured grocery stores in Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Nashville, and Louisville to remove non-union grapes. Student groups in New York protested the Department of Defense and accused them of deliberately purchasing boycotted grapes. On May 10, UFW supporters picketed Safeway stores throughout
1711-408: The direction of farm worker movement in the 1950s. On September 8, 1965, Larry Itliong and other Filipino leaders led the predominantly Filipino Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) in a "walk off" from table grape farms, now known as the Delano grape strike . The strikers' goal was to improve farm workers' wages and working conditions. The National Farm Workers' Association (NFWA),
1770-732: The docks inspired him to launch a formal boycott against the two largest corporations which were involved in the Delano grape industry, Schenley Industries and the DiGiorgio Corporation . Starting in December 1965, the UFW participated in several consumer boycotts against the Schenley corporation. The increased pressure from supporters in the business sector led to the farm workers’ victory and acquisition of union contracts that immediately raised wages and established hiring halls in Delano, Coachella, and Lamont. The large corporations affected by
1829-469: The end destination at the Oakland docks. Once there, the protestors were instructed to persuade the longshoremen to refrain from loading the shipment of grapes. The group was successful in its course of action, and this resulted in the spoilage of a thousand ten-ton cases of grapes which were left to rot on the docks. This event sparked the decision to use the protest tactic of boycotting as the means through which
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1888-596: The first union representation elections in the region, and the UFW became the first union to ever sign a contract with a grower in Texas. National support for the UFW continued to grow in 1968, and hundreds of UFW members and supporters were arrested. Picketing continued throughout the country, including in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Florida. The mayors of New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Detroit, and other cities pledged their support, and many of them altered their cities’ grape purchases to support
1947-753: The growers and the state government to answer the demands of the Mexican American and Filipino American farm workers which represented the Filipino-dominated Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the Mexican-dominated National Farm Workers Association. The pilgrimage was also intended to bring widespread public attention to the farm worker's cause. Shortly after this, the National Farm Workers Association and
2006-485: The hiring hall system disadvantaged many of the Filipino who were accustomed to migrating with the harvesting season. The hiring hall system replaced the old system of foremen which Filipino workers relied on for job stability and forced workers to line up at the union and compete with younger Hispanic farmworkers. Furthermore, the hiring hall system favored settled workers, who in the union were primarily Hispanic workers. As
2065-498: The immediate effects of these initial contracts such as the increase in wages and improved working conditions, some contracts included provisions regarding unemployment insurance, paid vacation days, and the creation of a special benefits fund. After the end of the grape strike in 1970, a strike against lettuce growers began . This led to conflict with the Teamsters union, in the Salinas Valley . In June 1975, California passed
2124-406: The labor movement would win the struggle against the Delano grape growers. This initially successful boycott was followed by a series of picket lines on Bay Area docks. The International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, whose members were responsible for loading the shipments, cooperated with the protesters and refused to load non-union grapes. The UFW's successful boycotting campaigns in
2183-416: The majority of strikers were over 50 years old and did not have families of their own due to anti-miscegenation laws (first overthrown in 1949 ), they were willing to risk what little they had to fight for higher wages. The strike succeeded in granting farm workers a 40-cent-per-hour raise, which resulted in a wage equivalent to the $ 1.40-per-hour wage that the recently outlawed braceros were paid. After
2242-433: The meeting, there were concerns whether the NFWA could successfully mount a strike, given that they lacked the housing and meal support as seen in the strike organized by Itliong and the Filipino farmworkers. Despite these concerns, the union voted to move forward with the grape strike. The NFWA adopted a strategy of volunteerism, nonviolence, and union networking. To illustrate, the strike was supported by Walter Reuther of
2301-420: The occupied units 5,764 (56.2%) were owner-occupied and 4,496 (43.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.5%. 24,363 people (45.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17,781 people (33.5%) lived in rental housing units. At the 2000 census there were 38,824 people in 8,409 households, including 7,248 families, in the city. The population density
2360-448: The picket lines and break the strike, a tactic typically used to create conflict and reinforce divisions between Filipino and Mexican farm workers. To prevent the strike from ending in failure, Itliong sought out Cesar Chavez , who was the leader of the newly established NFWA. Chavez initially declined Itliong's request because he believed the NFWA was not financially stable enough to join the strike. However, because NFWA members expressed
2419-421: The picketers, whom they were sure would maintain a position of nonviolence. The growers would push protesters, punch the strikers and jab their elbows into their ribs. Some growers drove their cars towards the protesters, swerving just as they reached the strikers. There were several cases where pesticide spraying equipment was used to drench picketers with deadly surfer, which temporarily blinded them. Despite this,
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2478-469: The preservation of the art and history of the Philippines. The festival includes a pork adobo cook-off, grand parade, barrio fiesta, basketball tournament, cultural entertainment, live performance, dance and singing contest, and bingo . September 16 Celebration Harvest Holidays off with a golf tournament, softball tournament and 10k run . The Grand Marshal and Queen barbecue is held on Saturday after
2537-569: The representation of The Teamsters , which was the only union that was competing against the UFW in the election. On July 29, 1970, the grape strike and boycott ended, when grape growers signed labor contracts with the union. The contracts included timed pay increase, health, and other benefits. The grape strike officially began in Delano in September 1965. In December, union representatives traveled from California to New York, Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Detroit, and other large cities to encourage
2596-416: The residents of Delano and the immediate county area surrounding the city within the boundaries of State Route 43 to the west, County Line Road to the north, Pond Road to the south, and Kyte Avenue to the east. The Delano Municipal Airport is an uncontrolled airfield with a 5,651-foot runway and light aviation services, and is open to the public. There is no scheduled airline service, but the airport serves
2655-490: The south, east and west, was likewise trucked in by ox or mule team. Great loads of bullion were delivered here from the mines in the mountains. Delano became the northern terminus for the passenger stages that ran south to Bakersfield and Los Angeles. The fare from Bakersfield to Delano was $ 7.00. Delano was a major hub of farm worker organization efforts and Chicano political movements. Filipino immigrants Philip Vera Cruz and Larry Dulay Itliong were instrumental in shaping
2714-530: The strike in Coachella, farm workers followed the grape-picking season and moved north to Delano. The Filipino farm workers who came up from Coachella were led by Larry Itliong , Philip Vera Cruz , Benjamin Gines, and Elasco under the AWOC. Upon arriving in Delano, the farm workers were told by growers that instead of being paid the $ 1.40-per-hour wage they received in Coachella, they would be paid $ 1.20-per-hour, which
2773-443: The strike, the actions of Cesar Chavez were highlighted and remembered. The 2014 film Cesar Chavez highlights his role in the labor movement. Less remembered are the many others who collaborated with him to organize strikes and fight for farmer rights. Particularly forgotten was the efforts of Filipino Americans in the strike. For example, in the 2014 film, the Filipinos role was largely absent, except for one speaking line and
2832-475: The strikes led by Chavez employed fear tactics in order to protect profits. The documentary The Wrath of Grapes mentions that the Delano-based company, M Caratan Inc., hired criminals to break up farm workers voting to unionize. They attacked voters, overturned tables and even smashed ballot boxes. The DiGiorgio Corporation was finally pressured into holding an election among its workers allowing them to choose
2891-467: The successes achieved by the UFW, there were also negative outcomes that farm workers experienced. The most significant of these was the deteriorated relationship between the Filipino and Mexican farm workers. In the initial contracts, the UFW implemented the hiring hall system. The hiring hall system was established with the intent of ending farm workers' migration cycle, which the UFW believed would make for more organized and efficient harvesting. However,
2950-529: The summer. The city of Delano has twelve parks for families and children to enjoy. Delano has four sister cities , as designated by Sister Cities International : Delano grape strike 1965–1966 1966–1970 Table grape growers Larry Itliong Lupe Martinez Cesar Chavez Dolores Huerta The Delano grape strike was a labor strike organized by the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC),
3009-468: The union they wanted to represent them on August 30, 1967. This came as a result of the boycott tactic of blocking grape distribution centers. With their products not on the shelves of retailers as a result of the boycott, the DiGiorgio Corporation was pressured to answer to the demands of the farm workers. The result of the vote favored the union representation of the UFW, a 530 to 332 vote, against
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#17328526942093068-433: The winter. The weather is hot and dry during the summer and cool and damp in winter. Frequent winter ground fog known regionally as tule fog can obscure vision. Record temperatures range between 115 °F (46 °C) (2006) and 14 °F (−10 °C) (1990). At the 2010 census Delano had a population of 53,041. The population density was 3,694.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,426.6/km ). The racial makeup of Delano
3127-522: Was 19,304 (36.4%) White, 4,191 (7.9%) African American, 501 (0.9%) Native American, 6,757 (12.7%) Asian, 30 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 20,307 (38.3%) from other races, and 1,951 (3.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37,913 persons (71.5%). The census reported that 42,144 people (79.5% of the population) lived in households, 178 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 10,719 (20.2%) were institutionalized. There were 10,260 households, 6,535 (63.7%) had children under
3186-663: Was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 143.1 males. The median household income was $ 28,143 and the median family income was $ 29,026. Males had a median income of $ 38,511 versus $ 21,509 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 11,068. About 25.7% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 35.3% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over. The Delano Union School District operates eight elementary schools and three middle schools. The Delano Joint Union High School District provides three comprehensive high schools,
3245-454: Was 3,842.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,483.4/km ). There were 8,830 housing units at an average density of 873.8 units per square mile (337.4 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 27.66% White, 5.45% Black or African American, 0.91% Native American, 15.88% Asian (primarily Filipino ), 0.06% Pacific Islander, 47.07% from other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 68.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of
3304-587: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.11. There were 8,951 families (87.2% of households); the average family size was 4.31. The age distribution was 15,089 people (28.4%) under the age of 18, 7,813 people (14.7%) aged 18 to 24, 17,248 people (32.5%) aged 25 to 44, 9,644 people (18.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,247 people (6.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 28.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 149.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 172.3 males. There were 10,713 housing units at an average density of 746.3 per square mile, of
3363-426: Was below the federal minimum wage. Despite attempts at negotiation, growers were not willing to raise wages since workers were easily replaceable. This pushed Itliong, who was the leader of the AWOC, to organize Filipino farm workers and pressure growers into granting them higher wages and better working conditions. On September 7, 1965, Itliong and Filipino farm workers gathered inside Filipino Community Hall, and
3422-450: Was characterized by its grassroots efforts—consumer boycotts , marches , community organizing and nonviolent resistance —which gained the movement national attention. In July 1970, the strike resulted in a victory for farm workers, due largely to a consumer boycott of non-union grapes, when a collective bargaining agreement was reached with major table grape growers, affecting more than 10,000 farm workers. The Delano grape strike
3481-678: Was founded on July 14, 1869, as a railroad town , not because the railroad passed through the town but because the railroad coming south from San Francisco terminated at Delano. The name was officially given by the Southern Pacific Railroad in honor of Columbus Delano , at the time the Secretary of the Interior (1870–1875) for the United States. The first post office opened in 1874. Delano incorporated in 1913. The town started with
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