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37-399: Deir 'Ammar, together with Beitillu and Jammala , form the new town of Al-Ittihad . The name is of Arabic origin, meaning "The Monastery of 'Ammar (p.n.)." Al-Itihad is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah . Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al , Deir Nidham and 'Abud to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to

74-665: A "preamble" acknowledging its roots in earlier diplomatic efforts of UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) and UN Security Council Resolution 338 (1973) the Madrid Conference of 1991 and the other prior agreements that came before it. Most significantly the agreement recognizes the establishment of a "Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority," that is an elected Council, called "the Council" or "the Palestinian Council". Consisting of Articles I–IX: The role and powers of

111-431: A governing Palestinian "council" and committee dealing with civil affairs and the transfer of power from Israel to the Palestinian Council. The holding of elections , the structure of the Palestinian Council, and that it should contain 82 representatives, the executive authority of the Council, various other committees, that meetings of the council should be open to the public, and outlining the powers and responsibilities of

148-500: A new era of cooperation and co-existence based on common interest, dignity and mutual respect. At the same time it protects Israel's vital interests, and in particular its security interests, both with regard to external security as well as the personal security of its citizens in the West Bank. The Interim Agreement comprises over 300 pages containing 5 "chapters" with 31 "articles", plus 7 "annexes" and 9 attached "maps". The agreement has

185-637: A settler outpost near Kiryat Arba . Oslo II Accord The Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip commonly known as Oslo II or Oslo 2 , was a key and complex agreement in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process . Because it was signed in Taba, Egypt , it is sometimes called the Taba Agreement . The Oslo Accords envisioned the establishment of a Palestinian interim self-government in

222-399: A single fig,” stated a Palestinian farmer who looks older than his age; he spoke without cynicism, and with much pain. “They aren’t killing me, but they are killing my heart.” In February 2011, three Beitillu houses were vandalised by anonymous graffiti artists who painted slogans like 'Muhammad is a pig' on their walls, probably as a price tag policy retaliation for the forced evacuation of

259-535: A total of 10,400 akçe . All of the revenue went to a Waqf . Potsherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here. In 1838 Deir Ammar was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem. In May, 1870, Victor Guérin found the village to be of equal importance to Jammala , and that there was a stream between the two villages where the women went for water when their own cisterns went dry. An official Ottoman village list from about

296-479: A well to the south-east, and a spring and a tank on the north-east". In 1896 the population of Bet Illo was estimated to be about 588 persons. In the 1922 census of Palestine , conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Baitilla had a population of 252 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 440, still all Muslim, in 98 houses. In the 1945 statistics the population of Beitillu

333-563: Is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah . Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al , Deir Nidham and 'Abud to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to the west, and Ras Karkar , Kharbatha Bani Harith , Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya to the south. Sherds from Iron Age II / Persian , Hellenistic , Roman , Byzantine , Umayyad , Crusader , Ayyubid and Mamluk era have been found at Beitillu. Finkelstein and Lederman mention remains of ancient structures, most of them in

370-522: The Liwa of Quds . It had a population of 30 households, all Muslim . They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 14,500 Akçe . In 1838 Beit Ello was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem. French explorer Victor Guérin visited Beit-Illou in 1870, and he estimated that

407-446: The British Mandate authorities , Dair 'Ammar had a population of 265 Muslims , increasing in the 1931 census to 316 Muslims in 81 houses. In the 1945 statistics the population was 350 Muslims, while the total land area was 7,189 dunams , according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 2,242 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,615 for cereals, while 15 dunams were classified as built-up areas. In

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444-545: The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics , it had a population of 3,465 in 2017. Presently much of the villagers' traditional land, springs, gardens with olive and fig trees, near the Israeli settlement of Nachliel cannot be accessed, because their way is barred by Israeli soldiers or settlers, often with dogs. Beitillu, together with Deir 'Ammar and Jammala , form the new town of Al-Ittihad . Al-Itihad

481-804: The Protocol on Economic Relations , signed in Paris on April 29, 1994, cooperation programs that will hopefully be developed, the role and functioning of the Joint Israeli-Palestinian Liaison Committee set up as part of the Declaration of Principles ( Oslo Accords 1993 and the setting up of a Monitoring and Steering Committee , liaison and cooperation with Jordan and Egypt, and locating and returning missing persons and soldiers missing in action . Consisting of Articles XXIX–XXXI: Arrangements for safe passage of persons and transportation between

518-620: The Sinai Peninsula , Egypt ) by Israel and the PLO on 24 September 1995 and then four days later on 28 September 1995 by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and witnessed by US President Bill Clinton as well as by representatives of Russia , Egypt , Jordan, Norway , and the European Union in Washington, D.C. The agreement is built on the foundations of

555-493: The 1967 Six-Day War . The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 848, of whom 174 originated from the Israeli territory. After the 1995 accords , 41.2% of Al-Ittihad ‘s land was classified as Area B and the remaining 58.8% as Area C . Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements : Nahl'iel , Na'aleh , Talmon and Hallamish . Much of

592-635: The Council. Consisting of Articles X–XVI: Phases of the redeployment of the Israel Defense Forces , roles of the Israeli Security Forces and the Israeli police , perspectives on the land of the West Bank and Gaza Strip , definition of the Areas A, B and C dividing the West Bank, arrangements for security and public order, prevention of hostile acts, confidence-building measures, and the role of

629-455: The Israeli military government and its civil administration to the Palestinian Council, dealing with financial claims, and the settlement of differences and disputes. Consisting of Articles XXII–XXVIII: Relations between Israel and the Council: ... shall accordingly abstain from incitement, including hostile propaganda, against each other ... that their respective educational systems contribute to

666-596: The Palestinian police : The Palestinian police force established under the Gaza-Jericho Agreement will be fully integrated into the Palestinian Police and will be subject to the provisions of this Agreement. Except for the Palestinian Police and the Israeli military forces, no other armed forces shall be established or operate in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Consisting of Articles XVII–XXI: The scope of

703-415: The Palestinian Council's authority and jurisdiction and the resolution of conflicts, the legislative powers of the Council, that "Israel and the Council shall exercise their powers and responsibilities ... with due regard to internationally-accepted norms and principles of human rights and the rule of law ", the various rights, liabilities and obligations with the transfer of powers and responsibilities from

740-448: The Palestinian territories. Oslo II created the Areas A, B and C in the West Bank. The Palestinian Authority was given some limited powers and responsibilities in the Areas A and B and a prospect of negotiations on a final settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 . The Accord was officially signed on 28 September 1995. The Oslo II Accord was first signed in Taba (in

777-654: The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, coordination between Israel and the Council regarding passage to and from Egypt and Jordan as well as any other agreed international crossings, and then the final clauses dealing with the signing of the agreement, its implementation, that the Gaza–Jericho Agreement (May 1994), the Preparatory Transfer Agreement (August 1994), and the Further Transfer Protocol (August 1995) will be superseded by this agreement,

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814-652: The ancient town of Ramathaim , which was a capital of a toparchy under the Hasmonean kingdom. Dayr Ammar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine , and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Al-Quds in the liwa of Al-Quds . It had a population of 33 household, who were all Muslims . They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards/fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues;

851-593: The initial Oslo I Accord , formally called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements , which had been formally signed on 13 September 1993 by Israel and the PLO, with Prime Minister Rabin and Chairman Arafat in Washington, D.C. shaking hands, and officially witnessed by the United States and Russia. It supersedes three earlier agreements: The Oslo II Accord is called an interim agreement because it

888-523: The mutual legitimate and political rights of the parties. The aim of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations is, among other things, to establish a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. As soon as possible but not later than 4 May 1996, negotiations on

925-695: The need and timing of permanent status negotiations, and that: The PLO undertakes that, within two months of the date of the inauguration of the Council, the Palestinian National Council will convene and formally approve the necessary changes in regard to the Palestinian Covenant, as undertaken in the letters signed by the Chairman of the PLO and addressed to the Prime Minister of Israel, dated September 9, 1993 and May 4, 1994. Discussion about

962-456: The peace between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples and to peace in the entire region, and will refrain from the introduction of any motifs that could adversely affect the process of reconciliation ... cooperate in combating criminal activity which may affect both sides, including offenses related to trafficking in illegal drugs and psychotropic substances, smuggling, and offenses against property ... The rules for economic relations as set out in

999-599: The permanent status would be started, leading to the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, and settling all the main issues. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared the main object of the Interim Agreement to broaden Palestinian self-government in the West Bank by means of an elected self-governing authority [to] allow the Palestinians to conduct their own internal affairs, reduce points of friction between Israelis and Palestinians, and open

1036-464: The remaining 58.8% was classified as Area C . Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements : Nahl'iel , Na'aleh , Talmon and Hallamish . Beitillu Beitillu ( Arabic : بيت إللو ) is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the northern West Bank , 19 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah . According to

1073-467: The same year, 1870, showed that Der Ammar had 35 houses and a population of 226, though the population count included only men. In 1882, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine described ' Deir Ammar as: "a village of medium size on a hill, with a well about 1/2 mile to the west." In 1896 the population of Der Ammar was estimated to be about 357 persons. In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by

1110-594: The site of Bethel in Mount Ephraim , which the Book of Judges (4:5) mentions as being close to the Palm of Deborah . Prawer and Benvenisti associated Beitillu with a medieval site bearing the same name, which, according to Mayer, belonged to the monastery of Mons Gaudii ( Nebi Samwil ). Beitillu appeared in the 1596 Ottoman tax registers as Bayt Illu, in the Nahiya of Quds of

1147-440: The village had about 800 inhabitants. He also noted that it had "magnificent trees" to the north. Guérin´s population estimate fits well with an official Ottoman village list from about 1870, which showed that Beit Oula had 100 houses and a population of 430, although it only counted the men. In 1882, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Ello as a "village of moderate size on high ground, among olives, with

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1184-710: The village's east, and note that the Mandatory DOA documented ancient quarries here. Abel , Klein and Safrai all identified Beitillu with Ayyalon, a place mentioned in Midrash Vayisau . Yoel Elitzur asserts that the name Beitillu may be derived from "Bethel", the name of several Israelite settlements of the Iron Age , including the well-known Bethel in Benjamin and another one listed in Judah . He proposed that Beitillu might be

1221-579: The villagers' traditional land, springs, gardens with olive and fig trees, near the Israeli settlement of Nachliel cannot be accessed, according to Amira Hass , because their way is barred by soldiers or settlers, often with dogs:- This has been going on for years. Gradually, ever-expanding rings of grazing land and rows of groves have become inaccessible to residents of the Beitillu and Deir Ammar villages.' One villager complained: “I have 200 olive trees, 500 fig trees and 300 vines there. I can’t even pick

1258-501: The wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements , Deir 'Ammar came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950. The Jordanian census of 1961 found 2,243 inhabitants in Deir 'Ammar. After the Six-Day War in 1967, Deir 'Ammar came under Israeli occupation . After the 1995 accords , 41.2% of Al-Ittihad land was classified as Area B , while

1295-580: The west, and Ras Karkar , Kharbatha Bani Harith , Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya to the south. Potsherds from the Middle Bronze Age , Iron Age I , Iron Age II, Hellenistic , Roman and Mamluk eras have been found at Deir 'Ammar. Two Iron Age olive presses were also found here. Just southwest of the village is the archeological site of Khirbet e-Shune , a large ruin from the Iron Age, Hellenistic and Early Roman periods that may be identified with

1332-422: Was 490 Muslims, with 13,409 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. 5,825 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,681 dunams for cereals, while 58 dunams were built-up (urban) land. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , Beitillu was under Jordanian rule from 1948 until 1967. In 1961, the population was 1,535 persons. Beitillu came under Israeli occupation after

1369-522: Was supposed to be the basis for subsequent negotiations and the preliminary of an eventual comprehensive peace agreement. Several additional agreements were concluded following Oslo II, but negotiations did not produce a final peace agreement. The 2002 Road map for peace abandoned the Oslo Accords and envisioned a rather loose scheme of withdrawal. The preamble of the agreement speaks of peaceful coexistence, mutual dignity, and security, while recognizing

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