64-546: Deibler is a surname of German origin, originating as an occupational surname for a dove keeper. Notable people with the surname include: Anatole Deibler (1863-1939), French executioner Markus Deibler (born 1990), German swimmer Steffen Deibler (born 1987), German former competitive swimmer Darlene Rose (née Deibler), Christian missionary See also [ edit ] Diebler List of executioners#France [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
128-404: A Champagne salesman, under the alias "François Rogis", from one of his middle names and his wife's maiden name. In his leisure, he stayed at home with his wife to raise their daughter Marcelle. Despite Fallières' efforts, the assembly , backed by public opinion protesting the pardon of child murderer and rapist Albert Soleilland [ fr ] , refused to abolish capital punishment during
192-718: A Ministry of Foreign Affairs (where the Treaty of Paris (1783) ending the American Revolutionary War was signed in 1783 with the United Kingdom), and a Ministry of the Navy. By 1789, the population had reached 60,000 inhabitants, and Versailles was now the seventh or eighth-largest city in France, and one of the largest cities in Europe. Seat of political power, Versailles naturally became
256-551: A Parisian mob forced Louis XVI and the royal family to move to Paris. Versailles again became the unofficial capital of France from March 1871, when Adolphe Thiers ' government took refuge in Versailles, fleeing the insurrection of the Paris Commune , until November 1879, when the newly elected government and parliament returned to Paris. During the various periods when government affairs were conducted from Versailles, Paris remained
320-631: A city built symmetrically with respect to the Avenue de Paris (which starts from the entrance of the castle). The roofs of the buildings and houses of the new city were not to exceed the level of the Marble Courtyard, at the entrance of the castle (built above a hill dominating the city), so that the perspective from the windows of the castle would not be obstructed. The old village and the Saint Julien church were demolished to make room for buildings housing
384-456: A fair amount of sunshine. in the winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cool, and nights are cold but generally above freezing with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F). Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature seldom dips below −5 °C (23 °F). Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation. The name of Versailles appears for
448-447: A fitting replacement for his father and wrote enthusiastically about his upcoming first execution, following Damoiseau's execution, Jean Lorrain , then a contributor to Le Journal , criticised the speediness of the procedure, stating that it "took away the celebratory spirit, the raison d'être of the execution". After the death of president Félix Faure on 16 February, Deibler served under newly elected president Émile Loubet ,
512-491: A lot in the new city for free. There were only two conditions to acquire a lot: 1- a token tax of 5 shillings ( 5 sols ) per arpent of land should be paid every year ($ 0.03 per 1,000 sq ft (93 m ) per year in 2005 US dollars); 2- a house should be built on the lot according to the plans and models established by the Surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi (architect in chief of the royal demesne). The plans provided for
576-409: A moderate skeptic of the death penalty , which contributed to the fact that during Loubet's seven-year tenure, only thirteen executions were headed, compared to a previous annual average of between ten and twenty. In 1906, next president, Armand Fallières , put a hold on executions altogether, commuting all pending death sentences to life sentences by the end of 1908. During this time, Deibler worked as
640-479: A nice New Year's gift!". Just two weeks later on 14 January, he performed his very first direct execution in Troyes , beheading 65-year-old Pierre-François Damoiseau, disgraced mayor of Rouilly-Saint-Loup , for the murder of his son-in-law Emile Cordier, as well as the attempted murder of his daughter Valentine, his grandson Henri, and his co-father-in-law Nicolas Cordier. Although the press initially received him well as
704-444: A prominent executioner family. Through her, he is the uncle of André Obrecht , the penultimate executioner of France, whom he mentored and developed a father-son like relationship with the orphaned boy, following the death of Deibler's similar-aged firstborn son, Roger Aristide Hector Deibler, in infancy. He would also later take on two of Rosalie's brothers, Louis and Eugène-Clovis Rogis, as executioner's asssistants. Before taking up
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#1732855705191768-525: A string of parliamentary elections, defeating the parties supporting a restoration of the monarchy, and the new majority decided to relocate the government to Paris in November 1879. Versailles then experienced a new population setback (48,324 inhabitants at the 1881 census). After that, Versailles never again functioned as the seat of the capital of France, but the presence of the French Parliament there in
832-705: A vote in 1909. On 11 January, Deibler peformed the first execution in three years, beheading the four leaders of the Pollet gang in Béthune in a quadruple execution. Another such execution would have almost occurred on 13 April 1913, when four members of the Bonnot gang , those being Raymond Callemin [ fr ] , Étienne Monier , André Soudy [ fr ] , and Eugène Dieudonné , were put to death in Paris, but Dieudonné had his sentence commuted to hard labour , later escaping
896-526: A weekly market on Thursdays. The population of Versailles was 500 inhabitants. Martial de Loménie was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (24 August 1572). In 1575, Albert de Gondi , a man from Florence who had come to France with Catherine de' Medici , bought the seigneury of Versailles. Henceforth Versailles was the possession of the Gondi family , a family of wealthy and influential parliamentarians at
960-566: Is buried in the western cemetery of Boulogne-Billancourt . This French biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Versailles, Yvelines Versailles ( French pronunciation: [vɛʁsɑj] ) is a commune in the department of the Yvelines , Île-de-France , renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles , designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Located in
1024-485: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Anatole Deibler Anatole François Joseph Deibler (29 November 1863 – 2 February 1939) was a French executioner who is considered one of the most famous executioners in French history. This is due to the fact that most of his executions, and the cases tied to them, were of great public interest due to widespread reporting by media. The advent of
1088-546: Is served by Versailles-Chantiers station , which is an interchange station on Paris RER line C , on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, on the Transilien Paris-Montparnasse suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines, including low-frequency TGV service. Versailles is also served by two other stations on Paris RER line C: Versailles-Château–Rive Gauche (the closest station to
1152-600: Is similar to Latin seminare ("to sow") which gave French semailles ("sowings", "sown seeds"). During the Revolution of 1789 , city officials had proposed to the convention to rename Versailles Berceau-de-la-Liberté ("Cradle of Liberty"), but they had to retract their proposal when confronted with the objections of the majority of the population. From May 1682, when Louis XIV moved the court and government permanently to Versailles, until his death in September 1715, Versailles
1216-539: Is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. The headquarters of the Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University is located in the city, as well as the ISIPCA , a post-graduate school in perfume, cosmetics products and food flavour formulation. Versailles
1280-500: Is the Palace , with its ornately decorated rooms and historic significance. The Potager du roi is a kitchen garden created under Louis XIV to supply fruits and vegetables to the Court. It is officially recognized as a Remarkable Garden of France . The town also has other points of cultural notability; in recent times, its position as an affluent suburb of Paris has meant that it forms a part of
1344-459: The Parlement of Paris. Several times during the 1610s, the de Gondis invited King Louis XIII to hunt in the large forests around Versailles. In 1622, the king purchased a parcel of forest for his private hunting. In 1624, he acquired more and entrusted Philibert Le Roy with the construction of a small hunting lodge of red bricks and stone with a slate roof. In 1632, the king bought the totality of
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#17328557051911408-928: The American Revolution , and the Treaty of Versailles , after World War I. Today, the Congress of France – the name given to the body created when both houses of the French Parliament , the National Assembly and the Senate , meet – gathers in the Château de Versailles to vote on revisions to the Constitution . The argument over the etymology of Versailles tends to privilege the Latin word versare , meaning "to keep turning, turn over and over", an expression used in medieval times for ploughed lands, cleared lands (lands that had been repeatedly "turned over"). This word formation
1472-585: The Kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789, before becoming the cradle of the French Revolution . After having lost its status as a royal city, it became the préfecture (regional capital) of the Seine-et-Oise département in 1790, then of Yvelines in 1968. It is also a Roman Catholic diocese . Versailles is historically known for numerous treaties such as the Treaty of Paris , which ended
1536-561: The camera made him somewhat of a celebrity. First beginning executioner training at age 22, he served as Monsieur de Paris from 1899 until his death in 1939. During his 54-year career, he participated in the execution of 395 criminals. He was born to Zoé Rasseneux and Louis-Antoine-Stanislas Deibler . Zoé's father Antoine-François-Joseph Rasseneux was an executioner in French Algeria since 1855, while Louis worked as an executioner since 1863, having trained under his father-in-law, and
1600-411: The surname Deibler . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deibler&oldid=1164059970 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1664-528: The tricolour flag that had been adopted during the Revolution made the restoration of monarchy impossible for the time being. Versailles became again the political centre of France, full of buzz and rumours, with its population briefly peaking at 61,686 in 1872, matching the record level of population reached on the eve of the French Revolution 83 years earlier. Eventually, however, left-wing republicans won
1728-574: The 1870s left a vast hall, built in one aisle of the palace, which the French Parliament uses when it meets in Congress to amend the French Constitution, as well as when the President of France addresses the two chambers of the French Parliament. Only in 1911 did Versailles definitely recover its level of population of 1789, with 60,458 inhabitants at the 1911 census. In 1919, at the end of
1792-412: The 1960s and 1970s, and somehow Versailles has become the main centre of the western suburbs of Paris. In the present times, the centre of the town has kept its very bourgeois atmosphere, while more middle-class neighbourhoods have developed around the train stations and on the outskirts of the city. Versailles is a chic suburb of Paris, well linked with the centre of Paris by several train lines. However,
1856-611: The First World War, Versailles came into the limelight again as the various treaties ending the war were signed in the castle proper and in the Grand Trianon . After 1919, as the suburbs of Paris continued to expand, Versailles was absorbed by the urban area of Paris and the city experienced a strong demographic and economic growth, turning it into a large suburban city of the metropolitan area of Paris. The role of Versailles as an administrative and judicial centre has been reinforced in
1920-442: The French army, a tradition going back to the monarchy with, for instance, the military camp of Satory and other institutions. Versailles is located 17.1 km (10.6 mi) west-southwest from the centre of Paris. The city sits on an elevated plateau, 130 to 140 metres (430 to 460 ft) above sea level (whereas the elevation of the centre of Paris is only 33 m (108 ft) above sea level), surrounded by wooded hills: in
1984-423: The French border. During his 40 years as lead executioner, he was responsible for 299 beheadings . His most famous execution was that of Pavel Timofeyevich Gorguloff , assassin of 14th French president Paul Doumer in 1932. Other well-known cases were that of serial killer Henri Désiré Landru in 1922, mass murderer Jules-Alexandre Ughetto in 1930, and double murderer Georges-Alexandre Sarret in 1934. In
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2048-498: The NATO unified command in 1966, nearby Rocquencourt functioned as the site for SHAPE . Versailles is an important military centre, with several units and training schools headquartered at the Satory military base, which hosted the headquarters of the famed 2nd French Armored Division until 1999, and where a military exhibition is organized annually. Versailles' primary cultural attraction
2112-572: The Paris artistic scene, and musical groups such as Phoenix , Air , Fuzati , and Daft Punk have some link to the city, as does the director Michel Gondry . Football Club de Versailles 78 is a semi-professional association football club founded in 1989. Their home stadium is the Stade de Montbauron, which has a capacity of 6,208 people. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but
2176-506: The Revolution, was left abandoned, with only Napoleon briefly staying one night there and then leaving the castle for good. Louis-Philippe , who took the throne in the July Revolution of 1830, transformed the palace into a National Museum dedicated to "all the glories of France" in 1837. Versailles had become a sleepy town, a place of pilgrimage for those nostalgic for the old monarchy. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870 put Versailles in
2240-607: The administrative services managing the daily life in the castle. On both sides of the Avenue de Paris were built the Notre-Dame neighbourhood and the Saint-Louis neighbourhood, with new large churches, markets, and aristocratic mansions, all built in a very homogeneous style according to the models established by the Surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi . Versailles was a vast construction site for many years. Little by little came to Versailles all those who needed or desired to live close to
2304-424: The castle of his father, as well as the park, in order to accommodate the court. In 1678, after the Treaty of Nijmegen , the king decided that the court and the government would be established permanently in Versailles, which happened on 6 May 1682. At the same time, a new city was emerging from the ground, resulting from an ingenious decree of the king dated 22 May 1671, whereby the king authorized anyone to acquire
2368-439: The city is extremely compartmentalized, divided by large avenues inherited from the monarchy which create the impression of several small cities ignoring each other. Versailles was never an industrial city, even though there are a few chemical and food-processing plants. Essentially, Versailles is a place of services, such as public administration, tourism, business congresses, and festivals. From 1951 until France's withdrawal from
2432-600: The cradle of the French Revolution . The Estates-General met in Versailles on 5 May 1789. The members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath on 20 June 1789, and the National Constituent Assembly abolished feudalism on 4 August 1789. Eventually, on 5 and 6 October 1789, a crowd of women joined by some members of the national guard from Paris invaded the castle to protest bread prices and forced
2496-492: The early 20th century, Deibler was deemed the "most hated man in France". There was more prejudice against him than American or English executioners because of a superstition that a French headsman had an evil eye that brought death or disaster to whoever caught glimpse. Deibler was in danger of being mobbed wherever he went and would often conceal his identity. At the time, his annual salary was around 6,000 francs ($ 1,200 in 1907 and $ 36,000 in 2022) while an additional 8,000 francs
2560-511: The execution of Francisco Arcano on 7 or 8 September 1885 in Algiers , Deibler would participate in a total of 18 executions in Algeria as assistant until his grandfather's death in autumn of 1890. On 1 November that same year, his father Louis named him an assistant executioner second class and had him assist directly during an execution for the first time, that of Michel Eyraud, one of the murderers in
2624-550: The family profession, Deibler was employed as a clothes vendor during his teenage years since age 12. His father took him to the job for the first time on 31 March 1882, when he let him watch the preparation and enforcement of the execution of 33-year-old Pierre Lantz in Versailles , for the murder of his father Jacques. After serving mandatory military duty from 1882 to September 1885, Deibler began training as an executioner's assistant with his maternal grandfather Antoine. Starting with
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2688-466: The first time in a medieval document dated 1038. In the feudal system of medieval France, the lords of Versailles came directly under the king of France, with no intermediary overlords between them and the king; yet they were not very important lords. At the end of the 11th century, the village curled around a medieval castle and the Saint Julien church. Its farming activity and its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought prosperity to
2752-504: The highly publicised Gouffé case , on 3 January 1891 in Paris. His last execution as executioner's assistant was that of serial killer Joseph Vacher on 31 December 1898 in Bourg-en-Bresse . When Louis vacated the office on 2 January 1899, Deibler became his successor, being sworn in the same day by the French government. Louis, who was unaware of this until the ceremony, congratulated his son on Vacher's beheading, saying "My son, what
2816-500: The land and seigneury of Versailles from Jean-François de Gondi . The hunting lodge was enlarged to the size of a small château between 1632 and 1634. At the death of Louis XIII, in 1643, the village had 1,000 inhabitants. This small château was the site of one of the historical events that took place during the reign of Louis XIII, on 10 November 1630, when, on the Day of the Dupes , the party of
2880-557: The limelight again. On 18 January 1871, the victorious Germans proclaimed the king of Prussia , Wilhelm I , emperor of Germany in the very Hall of Mirrors of the castle, in an attempt to take revenge for the conquests of Louis XIV two centuries earlier. Then in March of the same year, following the insurrection of the Paris Commune , the French Third Republic government under Thiers relocated to Versailles, and from there directed
2944-504: The maximum power. At the death of the Sun King in 1715, the village of Versailles had turned into a city of approximately 30,000 inhabitants. When the court of King Louis XV returned to Versailles in 1722, the city had 24,000 inhabitants. With the reign of Louis XV, Versailles grew even further. Versailles was the capital of the most powerful kingdom in Europe, and the whole of Europe admired its new architecture and design trends. Soon enough,
3008-515: The military suppression of the insurrection. The government and the French parliament stayed in Versailles after the quelling of the Commune (May 1871), and it was even thought for some time that the capital of France would move definitely to Versailles in order to avoid the revolutionary mood of Paris in the future. Restoration of a monarchy almost occurred in 1873, with parliament offering the crown to Henri, comte de Chambord , but his refusal to accept
3072-410: The next day. He died shortly after arrival at a hospital. The condemned man, career criminal Maurice Pilorge [ fr ] , who was sentenced for murdering his 25-year-old accomplice and lover Néstor Escudero, was given a stay of execution, but was executed two days later by one of Deibler's students, his nephew by marriage Jules-Henri Desfourneaux , who was named new chief executioner. Deibler
3136-421: The north the forests of Marly and Fausses-Reposes, and in the south the forests of Satory and Meudon . The city ( commune ) of Versailles has an area of 26.18 km (10.11 sq mi; 6,470 acres), which is a quarter of the area of the city of Paris. In 1989, Versailles had a population density of 3,344/km (8,660/sq mi), whereas Paris had a density of 20,696/km (53,600/sq mi). Born out of
3200-504: The official capital of France. Versailles was made the préfecture of the Seine-et-Oise département at its inception in March 1790 (at which time Seine-et-Oise had approximately 420,000 inhabitants). By the 1960s, with the growth of the Paris suburbs, the Seine-et-Oise had reached more than 2 million inhabitants, and was deemed too large and ungovernable, and thus it was split into three départements in January 1968. Versailles
3264-600: The prisoner camp in Cayenne , French Guiana , after which he secured a complete pardon through legal action. During World War I , Deibler travelled to the active war zone in Furnes , Belgium, to execute Émile Ferfaille [ fr ] , who murdered his 20-year-old pregnant girlfriend Rachel Ryckewaert in midst of the Battle of Passchendaele . The beheading took place during periodic bombardement by German forces . Afterwards, Deibler
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#17328557051913328-567: The queen mother was defeated and Richelieu was confirmed as Prime minister. King Louis XIV , son of Louis XIII, was only four years old when his father died. It was 20 years later, in 1661, when Louis XIV commenced his personal reign, that the young king showed interest in Versailles. The idea of leaving Paris, where, as a child, he had experienced first-hand the insurrection of the Fronde , had never left him. Louis XIV commissioned his architect Le Vau and his landscape architect Le Nôtre to transform
3392-548: The royal family to move to Paris. The National Constituent Assembly followed the king to Paris soon afterwards, and Versailles lost its role as capital city. During this turbulent time, Jean-François Coste , who had also been the chief physician of the King's Armies, was appointed mayor of Versailles. From then on, Versailles lost a good deal of its inhabitants. From 60,000, the population had declined to 26,974 inhabitants by 1806. The castle, stripped of its furniture and ornaments during
3456-403: The strict building rules decided under Louis XIV were not respected anymore, real estate speculation flourished, and the lots that had been given for free under Louis XIV were now on the market for hefty prices. By 1744, the population reached 37,000 inhabitants. The cityscape changed considerably under kings Louis XV and Louis XVI . Buildings were now taller. King Louis XV built a Ministry of War,
3520-764: The village, culminating at the end of the 13th century, the so-called "century of Saint Louis ", famous for the prosperity of northern France and the building of Gothic cathedrals. The 14th century brought the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War , and with it death and destruction. At the end of the Hundred Years' War in the 15th century, the village started to recover, with a population of only 100 inhabitants. In 1561, Martial de Loménie , secretary of state for finances under King Charles IX , became lord of Versailles. He obtained permission to establish four annual fairs and
3584-478: The western suburbs of Paris. Since 1972, Versailles has been the seat of one of France's 30 nationwide académies (districts) of the Ministry of National Education. The académie de Versailles , the largest of France's thirty académies by its number of pupils and students, is in charge of supervising all the elementary schools and high schools of the western suburbs of Paris. Versailles is also an important node for
3648-421: The western suburbs of the French capital, 17.1 km (10.6 mi) from the centre of Paris , Versailles is a wealthy suburb of Paris with a service-based economy and is a major tourist destination. According to the 2017 census, the population of the city is 85,862 inhabitants, down from a peak of 94,145 in 1975. A new town founded at the will of King Louis XIV , Versailles was the de facto capital of
3712-436: The will of a king, the city has a rational and symmetrical grid of streets. By the standards of the 18th century, Versailles was a very modern European city. Versailles was used as a model for the building of Washington, D.C. , by Pierre Charles L'Enfant . Versailles has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and
3776-426: Was made the préfecture of the Yvelines département , the largest chunk of the former Seine-et-Oise . At the 2017 census the Yvelines had 1,438,266 inhabitants. Versailles is the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese (bishopric) which was created in 1790. The diocese of Versailles is subordinate to the archdiocese of Paris . In 1975, Versailles was made the seat of a Court of Appeal whose jurisdiction covers
3840-459: Was named the chief executioner ("exécuteur en chef des arrêts criminels"), an office supervising all regional executions in France, in 1879. Anatole's paternal grandfather, Joseph-Antoine Deibler , was the executioner of the French Third Republic . His ancestors Hans and Michael Deibler were executioners in Augsburg in the 16th and 17th centuries. On 5 April 1898, he married Rosalie Rogis, also of
3904-561: Was nearly botched as Rakida forced his body to the right despite executioners attempting to put him in a prone position , due to which the guillotine ended up partially slicing through the mandible while decapitating him, which initially went unnoticed due to nighttime. Deibler collapsed from a heart attack at Porte de Saint-Cloud metro station in the 16th arrondissement of Paris while on his way to Jacques-Cartier Departemental Prison in Rennes, where he would have performed his 300th execution
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#17328557051913968-501: Was paid for upkeep of the guillotine and 10 francs were paid for every day the guillotine was in operation. It is estimated Deibler's net annual income was around 30,000 francs ($ 6,000 in 1907 and $ 180,000 in 2022). His final execution was that of 28-year-old Abdelkader Rakida, already convicted of murder in Algeria, on 24 January 1939 in Lyon , for violating a city ban and using a firearm to injure two policemen during his arrest. This beheading
4032-614: Was relieved of his duties as executioner and instead placed in the position of secretary to the Ministry of the Armed Forces in August 1918, though with authorization of absence in the event of an execution. After the war, Deibler would be reinstated, now executing an all-time modern high of around 20 criminals per year, largely due to general lawlessness in post-war France and the escape of several convicts in prisons near or in former war zones around
4096-558: Was the unofficial capital of the kingdom of France. For the next seven years, during the Régence of Philippe d' Orléans , the royal court of the young King Louis XV was the first in Paris, while the Regent governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal . Versailles was again the unofficial capital of France from June 1722, when Louis XV returned to Versailles, until October 1789 , when
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