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16-541: The exact date of the formal establishment of the office is unknown. According to some sources, the first defterdar was the Kadı (judge) of Mihaliç, Çelebi bin Mehmed, appointed in 1359 or 1360, during the reign of Murad I . During the reign of Bayezid I (1389–1402), the poet Zahiri is mentioned as the defterdar . In the classical period, the finances of the Empire were organized under

32-736: A religious significance for the local Muslims. It was vandalized between 1999 and 2006 and was renovated recently. His other remains were carried to Bursa , his Anatolian capital city, and were buried in a tomb at the complex built in his name. Murad was the son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun , a slave concubine who was of ethnic Greek descent. Murad I had at least seven consorts: Murad I had at least five sons: Murad I had at least five daughters: [REDACTED] Media related to Murad I at Wikimedia Commons Jovan Uglje%C5%A1a Jovan Uglješa Mrnjavčević ( Serbian Cyrillic : Јован Угљеша Мрњавчевић ; fl. 1346–1371), known as Jovan Uglješa ( Serbian Cyrillic : Јован Угљеша ),

48-465: A single Defterdar , literally the main bookkeeper, in charge of a single imperial treasury ( Hazine-i Amire ). Starting in 1793, smaller treasuries independent of the imperial treasury were organized, each with a separate defterdar in charge. In 1837, a modern ministry was founded under the name of Maliye Nezareti , merging most of the independent treasuries back to the Imperial Treasury. In 1840,

64-415: The 15th century and later, decades after the actual event. One Western source states that during the first hours of the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Serbian nobleman and knight Miloš Obilić by knife. Most Ottoman chroniclers (including Dimitrie Cantemir ) state that he was assassinated after the finish of the battle while going around the battlefield. His older son Bayezid , who was in charge of

80-507: The leadership of Lazar at the Battle of Kosovo . There are different accounts from different sources about when and how Murad I was assassinated. The contemporary sources mainly noted that the battle took place and that both Prince Lazar and the Sultan lost their lives in the battle. The existing evidence of the additional stories and speculations as to how Murad I died were disseminated and recorded in

96-605: The left wing of the Ottoman forces, took charge after that. His other son, Yakub Bey , who was in charge of the other wing, was called to the Sultan's command center tent by Bayezid, but when Yakub Bey arrived he was strangled, leaving Bayezid as the sole claimant to the throne. In a letter from the Florentine senate (written by Coluccio Salutati ) to the King Tvrtko I of Bosnia , dated 20 October 1389, Murad I's (and Yakub Bey's) killing

112-551: The merging of the remaining independent treasuries was completed. Ministers of Finance in the classical period were called Defterdar , were members of the Divan-ı Hümayun and held rank higher than agha (military commander of the central organization, situated in Istanbul) and bey (provincial governor), and lower than vizier and kazasker (chief judge). Starting from 1837, Ministers of Finance were called Maliye Nazırı , held

128-668: The princes of Serbia and Bulgaria as well as the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos to pay him tribute. Murad I administratively divided his sultanate into the two provinces of Anatolia ( Asia Minor ) and Rumelia (the Balkans). According to the Ottoman sources, Murad I's titles included Bey , Emîr-i a’zam (Great Emir ), Ghazi , Hüdavendigâr , Khan , Padishah , Sultânü’s-selâtîn (Sultan of sultans), Melikü’l-mülûk ( Malik of maliks), while in Bulgarian and Serbian sources he

144-576: The rank of vizier , and were titled Pasha . The office of the Defterdar continued until 1837. In 1837, a modern ministry was founded under the name of Maliye Nezareti (Ministry of Finance). Murad I Murad I ( Ottoman Turkish : مراد اول ; Turkish : I. Murad, Murad-ı Hüdavendigâr (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr , from Persian : خداوندگار , romanized :  Khodāvandgār , lit.   'the devotee of God ' – meaning " sovereign " in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389)

160-469: The rule of Stefan Dušan (1331–1355). Uglješa married Jelena (later nun Jefimija ), daughter of Vojihna , the Caesar of Drama . This boosted the power of Uglješa, who would later govern the region alongside his father-in-law. Vojihna died in ca 1360, and his lands were inherited by Uglješa. He was given the title of despotes by the widowed Serbian empress, Helena of Bulgaria , in 1365. His domain

176-588: Was defeated on September 26, 1371 , by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa , the first governor ( beylerbey ) of Rumeli . In 1385, Sofia fell to the Ottomans . In 1386, Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović defeated an Ottoman force at the Battle of Pločnik . The Ottoman army suffered heavy casualties, and was unable to capture Niš on the way back. In 1389, Murad's army fought the Serbian Army and its allies under

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192-519: Was a Serbian medieval nobleman of the Mrnjavčević family and one of the most prominent magnates of the Serbian Empire . He held the title of despot , received from Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V , whose co-ruler - Serbian King Vukašin was Uglješa's brother. Uglješa was the son of Mrnjava , a treasurer of Helen , the queen consort of Stephen Uroš I of Serbia . He held Travunia in 1346, during

208-474: Was described. A party of twelve Serbian lords slashed their way through the Ottoman lines defending Murad I. One of them, allegedly Miloš Obilić , had managed to get through to the Sultan's tent and kill him with sword stabs to the throat and belly. Murad's internal organs were buried in Kosovo field and remain to this day on a corner of the battlefield in a location called Meshed-i Hudavendigar which has gained

224-658: Was referred to as Tsar . In a Genoese document, he was referred to as dominus armiratorum Turchie (Master lord of Turks). Murad fought against the powerful beylik of Karaman in Anatolia and against the Serbs , Albanians , Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. In particular, a Serb expedition to expel the Turks from Adrianople led by the Serbian brothers King Vukašin and Despot Uglješa ,

240-749: Was situated along the lower course of the Struma with Serres as seat, eventually replacing Helena in its possession. From 1368, his territory was under the religious jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . The Patriarch mentioned the master of Raška (another name for Serbia), Jovan Uglješa, in a letter from 1371. With the Ottoman threat rising in the Balkans, Uglješa and his brothers Vukašin Mrnjavčević and Gojko Mrnjavčević tried to oppose

256-662: Was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun . Murad I came into the throne after his elder brother Süleyman Pasha 's death. Murad I conquered Adrianople , renamed it to Edirne , and in 1363 made it the new capital of the Ottoman Sultanate. Then he further expanded the Ottoman realm in Southern Europe by bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule, and forced

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