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82-527: The river's confluence with the Connecticut is in Greenfield, Massachusetts , downstream of Turners Falls ( 42°34′37″N 72°34′40″W  /  42.57708°N 72.57784°W  / 42.57708; -72.57784 ). The Deerfield is one of the most heavily dammed rivers in the country with, on average, a dam almost every 7 miles (11 km) for its entire length. In Shelburne Falls , the glacial potholes and

164-642: A Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1975. The Bardwell's Ferry Bridge is a 198-foot-long (60 m) pin-connected through truss, built in 1882 and spanning the Deerfield River between the towns of Shelburne and Conway in Franklin County. It is the longest single-span lenticular bridge in Massachusetts. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Activities on and around

246-523: A British traveling tailor, but it was first popularised in the UK on the River Thames . By the 1880s, large numbers of visitors took part in the pastime, which was connected to the late Victorian craze for pleasure boating. Although Thomas Hiram Holding is often seen as the father of modern camping in the UK, he was responsible for popularising a different type of camping in the early twentieth century. He experienced

328-537: A broad range of age, ability, and ruggedness, and campsites are designed in many ways as well. Many campgrounds have sites with facilities such as fire rings, barbecue grills, utilities, shared bathrooms, and laundry, as well as access to nearby recreational facilities, however, not all campsites have similar levels of development. Campsites can range from a patch of dirt to a level, paved pad with sewer and electricity with many public and private campgrounds also offering cabin options. (For more information on facilities, see

410-604: A continued presence in the area. The Pocumtuck also played an important role in the Battle of Great Falls / Wissantinnewag – Peskeompskut on May 19, 1676, and tribal oral tradition indicates that following the battle, elements of the Pocumtuck fled to and were incorporated into the Abenaki people to the north and the Mahican people to the west. The area was colonized as part of Deerfield by

492-543: A few countries, including Sweden and Scotland, public camping is legal on privately held land as well. Camping is a key part of many youth organizations around the world, such as Scouting , which use it to teach both self-reliance and teamwork. School camping trips also have numerous benefits and can play an essential role in the personal growth and development of students. The Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary defines camping as: The act of staying and sleeping in an outside area for one or more days and nights, usually in

574-429: A fire as well as for warming an enclosed space. One or two band-aids are mandatory in this type of camping. Any camper, and not only the survival ones, need waterproof matches or a lighter and a large safety pin or fish hook which can be used in fishing . Rubber gloves , antiseptic wipes, tinfoil , jackknife, or halazone tablets (which purify the water) are also to be included in a survival kit. The following

656-460: A form of educational experience. Spending the night away from home distinguishes camping from day-tripping , picnicking , and other outdoor activities. Camping as a recreational activity became popular among elites in the early 20th century. With time, it grew in popularity among other socioeconomic classes. Modern campers frequent publicly owned natural resources such as national and state parks , wilderness areas , and commercial campgrounds. In

738-450: A formal inauguration ceremony, the city's first, which also featured a mayoral fanfare, Long Live Our Mayor, written for the occasion in the style of Hail to the Chief . At the inauguration, Martin read a proclamation declaring July 1 as "Inauguration Day" in all following years. After Martin's retirement in 2019, Roxann Wedegartner became Greenfield's third mayor. Virginia "Ginny" Desorgher

820-448: A kit should include a small metal container that can be used to heat water over a campfire , a small length of duct tape which can prove useful in many situations, and an emergency space blanket . These blankets are specially designed to occupy minimal space, can be used as emergency shelters for keeping the camper warm, and their reflective properties mean that they can be easily seen from an aircraft . Candle stubs are good for starting

902-670: A new downtown parking garage. The nearest general aviation airport is located in the Turners Falls section of Montague , and the nearest national air service is at Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks , Connecticut . The town is served by Greyhound bus lines and is the hub of the Franklin Regional Transit Authority (FRTA), whose local service extends from Bernardston to Northampton and from Orange to Charlemont . The John W. Olver Transit Center

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984-621: A rugged experience in the outdoors prefer to camp with only tents, or with no shelter at all ("under the stars"). According to an infographic produced by Red Rover Camping and based on data from the 2014 American Camper Report published by the Coleman Company, Inc. and the Outdoor Foundation, camping in the United States is gaining popularity after a fall of 4.2  million participants from 2011 to 2012. According to data provided by

1066-408: A special place in the hearts of many Australians , as it offers a unique opportunity to connect with the country's diverse natural landscapes and rich outdoor heritage. Australia benefits from a favorable climate and an expansive array of camping grounds and sites throughout the country. Before the onset of COVID-19 , there was a notable 67% increase in the number of caravan and camping trips over

1148-469: A temporary housing arrangement. Campgrounds for custom harvesters in the United States may include room-to-park combines and other large farm equipment. Camping is also popular at air shows, notably at the Oshkosh air show where people often camp in a small tent under their aircraft's wing. In Evangelical Christianity , camping for a spiritual retreat was encouraged by the development of camp meetings in

1230-583: A tent. Camping describes a range of activities and approaches to outdoor accommodation. Survivalist and wild campers typically set off with as little as possible to get by. Other campers might use specialized camping gear designed to provide comfort, including their own power and heat sources as well as camping furniture. Camping may be combined with hiking , as in backpacking , and is often enjoyed in conjunction with other outdoor activities such as canoeing , kayaking , climbing , fishing , and hunting . Fastpacking involves both running and camping. There

1312-475: A trade center. Falls provided water power for industry, and Greenfield grew into a prosperous mill town . John Russell established the Green River Works in 1834, hiring skilled German workers at what was the country's first cutlery factory. The Connecticut River Railroad was the first of several railways to enter the town, replacing the former canal trade. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Greenfield

1394-461: Is Languedoc and Roussillon with around 19,331,663 nights spent at campsites during 2015, whilst the department with the most campsites is the Vendée. Canada is a country that has four different seasons throughout the year. In this day and age, with the proper camping equipment, it is possible to camp all over Canada all year round. At the end of the 19th century, Canada started establishing areas all over

1476-404: Is a form of outdoor recreation or outdoor education involving overnight stays with a basic temporary shelter such as a tent . Camping can also include a recreational vehicle , sheltered cabins, a permanent tent, a shelter such as a bivy or tarp , or no shelter at all. Typically, participants leave developed areas to spend time outdoors, in pursuit of activities providing them enjoyment or in

1558-660: Is a list of commonly used camping equipment: Much of the remaining needed camping equipment is commonly available in the home, including dishes, pots, and pans; however, many people opt not to use their home items but instead utilize equipment better tailored for camping. These amenities include heavy plastic tableware and salt and pepper shakers with tops that close to shelter the shakers from rain. Old kitchen gear purchased from thrift stores or garage sales may also be used in place of home items as an alternative to buying specialized (and more expensive) camping equipment. Backpackers use lightweight and portable equipment. Campers span

1640-471: Is abundant and well distributed (every month except February receives over three inches) and averages 41.3 inches per year. By the 2010 census, the population had decreased to 17,456. Greenfield, as the only community in the county with a population over 10,000, is the largest community by population or population density in the county. It is also the smallest mainland county seat in the Commonwealth, as only

1722-608: Is also home to the Four Rivers Charter Public School, which serves students in grades 7–12. Greenfield's oldest private school is the Stoneleigh-Burnham School , a private 7th–12th grade boarding school for girls. The Center School, established in 1981, serves students from preschool through eighth grade with a progressive approach to education. As of 2014 there are no religious schools in Greenfield;

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1804-452: Is also labeled by lifestyle: Glamping (glamorous camping) combines camping with the luxury and amenities of a home or hotel, and has its roots in the early 1900s European and American safaris in Africa. Workamping allows campers to trade their labor variously for discounts on campsite fees, campground utilities, and even some degree of pay. Migrant camps are formed not for recreation but as

1886-644: Is based in Greenfield and operates the Franklin County Jail at the corner of Elm and Allen streets. The city also has the central post office for the "013" series of ZIP Codes , which extends through Franklin County and several towns in Worcester County. Greenfield is home to the privately run Baystate Franklin Medical Center , which serves much of the northern Pioneer Valley . Greenfield is divided between

1968-880: Is home to Greenfield Community College , the Pioneer Valley Symphony Orchestra, the Franklin County Fair, and the Green River Festival. The city has a Main Street Historic District containing fine examples of Federal , Greek Revival , and Victorian architecture . Greenfield anchors the Greenfield Town, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Springfield -Greenfield Town, MA Combined Statistical Area . Pocumtuck Indians first settled and originally inhabited

2050-404: Is located on the river in the town of Florida, Massachusetts . It is a railroad tunnel, still in use, started in 1851 and completed in 1875. The Burleigh Rock Drill, one of the first pneumatic drills , was used in its construction. Construction also featured the first large-scale commercial use of nitroglycerine and electric blasting caps. The American Society of Civil Engineers made the tunnel

2132-490: Is no universally held definition of what is and what is not camping. Just as with motels , which serve both recreational and business guests, the same campground may serve recreational campers, school field trips, migrant workers, and the homeless at the same time. Fundamentally, it reflects a combination of intent and the nature of the activities involved. A children's summer camp with dining hall meals and bunkhouse accommodations may have "camp" in its name but fails to reflect

2214-470: Is operated by Pan Am Railways . Passenger rail service resumed in Greenfield on December 29, 2014, with the rerouting of Amtrak's Vermonter , with all trains serving the Olver Transit Center. The former Greenfield train station (torn down in 1966) was located across the tracks from the current train platform, in the present-day Energy Park. In June 2018, it was announced that Greenfield would become

2296-652: Is part of the Eighth Massachusetts Governor's Council district, represented by Tara Jacobs. Nationally, Greenfield is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district , and is represented in the 113th United States Congress by James McGovern . As of 2014 , Massachusetts is represented in the United States Senate by Senators Elizabeth Warren and Edward Markey . Greenfield

2378-445: Is poised to persist. Camping on open land, regardless of ownership, is legal in a few countries, including Sweden and Scotland. In Sweden, a right of public access – allowing outdoor recreational activity on privately held wilderness – is enshrined in the constitution. Large groups, however, must obtain the landowner's permission. In Scotland, people may camp on most unenclosed land, whether state- or privately owned. There

2460-454: Is the hub for FRTA bus service, as well as the local depot for Greyhound intercity service. Greenfield lies at the junction of two rail lines, an east–west line heading from the northern points of Worcester County towards the Hoosac Tunnel and Albany, New York , and the north–south line heading from Springfield in the south towards Vermont in the north. Freight service on both lines

2542-527: Is water. Greenfield is located at the center of the county and is bordered by Colrain , Leyden , and Bernardston to the north; Gill to the east; Montague to the southeast; Deerfield to the south; and Shelburne to the west. Greenfield is located 39 miles (63 km) north of Springfield and 90 miles (145 km) west-northwest of Boston . Greenfield lies at the confluence of the Deerfield , Green , and Connecticut rivers. The Green River runs from

Deerfield River - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-700: The Bridge of Flowers are popular tourist attractions around the river. The great descent of the river of nearly 1,100 feet over 50 miles furnished water power at many places. Several streams nearly as large as the main river enter the Deerfield River from the north. Among its tributaries is the Green River . There are 10 dams on the Deerfield, owned by three different electric utilities: The various hydroelectric facilities were purchased from National Energy & Gas Transmission, Inc. (NEGT) subsidiary USGen New England, Inc. at

2706-703: The English in 1686. In 1753, Greenfield, named for the Green River , was incorporated as a separate town from Deerfield. In 1795, the South Hadley Canal opened, enabling boats to bypass the South Hadley falls and reach Greenfield via the Connecticut River . Located at the confluence of the Deerfield and Green rivers, and not far from where they merge into the Connecticut River, Greenfield developed into

2788-709: The First Franklin and Second Franklin districts of the Massachusetts House of Representatives . Democrat Natalie Blais and Independent Susannah Whipps are the State Representatives. In the Massachusetts Senate , the town is part of the Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes much of eastern Franklin and Hampshire counties. State Senator Jo Comerford represents this district. Greenfield

2870-574: The Five Colleges and Seven Sisters , in the region, as well as Keene State College in Keene, New Hampshire . Greenfield has five FM radio stations, one FM Translator , one AM radio station, one cable television station, and one daily local newspaper. FM stations ¹ – WMCB-LP/WLPV-LP operate under a "share time" agreement with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission . AM stations Cable stations Newspapers Camping Camping

2952-682: The Leavitt–Hovey House ), is one of the larger libraries in the area, and is connected to the regional library network. Greenfield also operates numerous municipal parks and recreation areas including a town swimming area on the Green River. As county seat, Greenfield is home to many different state offices, including courthouses and one of the offices of the Northwest District Attorney, Dave Sullivan. The Franklin County Sheriff

3034-564: The Mohawk Trail , enters over the Fall River as a surface road before becoming a limited-access highway until its concurrence with I-91. Once it leaves the interstate, Route 2 becomes a surface road again. Between the start of the limited access section of Route 2 and its split from I-91 at Exit 43, the Mohawk Trail follows Massachusetts Route 2A , which uses Route 2's former right of way through

3116-715: The Pocumtuck Range , the northernmost subridge of the Metacomet Ridge , and is surrounded by hills, with the town center lying on an elevated point above the rivers. Like most of New England, Greenfield has a humid continental climate , exactly on the border between Köppen Dfa and Dfb with its warmest-month (July) mean of 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). with cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. Extreme temperatures range from 100 °F (37.8 °C), recorded on July 22, 1926, and August 26, 1948, to −30 °F (−34.4 °C), recorded on January 22, 1961. Precipitation

3198-411: The wind and cold . Survival camping involves certain items that campers are recommended to have with them in case something goes wrong and they need to be rescued. A survival kit includes mandatory items that are small and must fit in one's pocket or which otherwise could be carried on one's person. This kit is useless in these circumstances if it is kept in the backpack that is left in camp. Such

3280-502: The 19th century, to promote spiritual renewal, far from the city and in nature. These camps were an opportunity to pray, sing and listen to sermons for several days. Various church associations have also established campgrounds or conference centers in isolated locations, which provide retreat times for children and adults. ‹The template How-to is being considered for merging .›   The equipment used in camping varies by intended activity. For instance, in survival camping

3362-730: The Adirondacks and essentially live off the land, camping at farms and buying food along the way just like ordinary Americans out for a holiday on the road." The International Federation of Camping Clubs (Fédération Internationale de Camping et de Caravanning) was founded in 1932, and national clubs from many countries affiliated with it. By the 1960s, camping had become an established family holiday standard, and today, campsites are widespread across Europe and North America. Different types of camping may be named after their form of transportation, such as canoe camping , car camping, RVing , and backpacking , including ultralight backpacking . Camping

Deerfield River - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-567: The Cornerstone Christian School closed in 2013, and Holy Trinity School, a K–8 parochial school, closed in 2011. Greenfield is home to Greenfield Community College , which serves the northern Pioneer Valley and offers some courses to Greenfield High students seeking advanced learning opportunities. The nearest state university is the University of Massachusetts Amherst . There are also several private colleges, including members of

3526-707: The Deerfield River that provide excellent whitewater creek runs, including the class IV-V West Branch of the Deerfield in Readsboro, Vermont , the class V Dunbar Brook in Monroe, Massachusetts , the class V Pelham Brook in Rowe, Massachusetts, the class IV Cold River in Florida and Charlemont, Massachusetts , and the class III Chickley River in Hawley, Massachusetts . This is also an excellent trout fishery, great for fly fishing. Two sections between

3608-581: The Deerfield include whitewater kayaking , canoeing, tubing, fishing, swimming , and camping . A popular swimming area by the Stillwater Bridge in Deerfield has waterside cliffs up to forty feet high that swimmers jump from; this activity is tolerated but not condoned. There are two sections of the river for whitewater paddling: the Fife Brook section for class II and III paddlers, and the "Dryway" for class IV paddlers. There are several tributaries of

3690-523: The Fife Brook dam and the Route 2 bridge are catch and release . There are 5 dams which control the majority of the river flow and allow selectable trout fishing through the year. Greenfield, Massachusetts Greenfield is the only city in, and the seat of, Franklin County, Massachusetts , United States. Greenfield was first settled in 1686. The population was 17,768 at the 2020 census . Greenfield

3772-577: The Fédération Nationale De L'Hôtellerie De Plein Air (FNHPA) shows that around 113  million nights were taken at French campsites in 2015, which was up by 3.9% in the same period in 2014. French holidaymakers took 77 million of these, and the rest was made up of other nationalities, the majority of whom were Dutch, German, and UK tourists. The French Government hopes to have 100  million tourists each year by 2030. The most popular region for camping

3854-620: The Great British Tourism Survey conducted by Visit England, almost 4.5  million camping and caravanning holidays were taken by British residents during the first half of 2015, for an average of 3.7 nights. As in the United States, camping is gaining popularity, with an 8% increase in trips compared to the same period in 2014. The Caravan Club and the Camping and Caravanning Club represent UK campers. Scotland allows " wild camping " on privately-owned wilderness. Data collected by

3936-629: The Greenfield area. Native American artifacts found in the area have been dated between 7,000 and 9,000 BCE. The Pocumtucks planted field crops and fished local rivers. Some sources claim that they were wiped out by the Mohawks in 1664 and that the land was left unoccupied. Other sources show that the Pocumtucks joined the Wampanoag chief Metacom in August 1675 in the fight against English encroachment, indicating

4018-577: The Newton Elementary School to the west—for students from kindergarten through fourth grade , the Greenfield Middle School for students from fifth grade through seventh grades , and Greenfield High School for eighth through twelfth grades . 8th grade is separate and not part of the official high school. Greenfield's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Green Wave", and their school colors are green and white. Greenfield operates

4100-557: The Poet Seat School, an alternative middle and high school for special needs students. On July 9, 2009, Greenfield's local school committee approved creation of the Virtual Academy or "MAVA @ Greenfield", the only kindergarten-through- twelfth grade distance learning school of its kind in the state. The MAVA program is also expected to provide expanded course offerings to students in the traditional public schools. Greenfield

4182-545: The Town Council voted to remove "The Town of" designation, making Greenfield known as the City of Greenfield. Since the charter change in 2003 Greenfield has been governed by a town council and a mayor . The former town council is now called the city council and consists of four at-large councilors and nine councilors that are each elected from one of the city's nine electoral precincts . The other city boards are appointed, with

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4264-641: The activity in his youth when he spent much time traveling across the American prairies with his parents. Later he embarked on a cycling and camping tour with some friends across Ireland . His book on his Ireland experience, Cycle and Camp in Connemara led to the formation of the first camping group in 1901, the Association of Cycle Campers, later to become the Camping and Caravanning Club . He wrote The Campers Handbook in 1908, so that he could share his enthusiasm for

4346-404: The average family size was 2.88. In the town the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males. The median income for a household in the town

4428-459: The campsite and RV park articles.) Other vehicles used for camping include motorcycles, touring bicycles, boats, canoes, pack animals , and even bush planes ; although backpacking on foot is a popular alternative. Tent camping sites often cost less than campsites with full amenities, and most allow direct access by car. Some "walk-in" sites lie a short walk away from the nearest road but do not require full backpacking equipment. Those who seek

4510-413: The center of Greenfield. At the town center, Route 2A meets the duplexed U.S. Route 5 and Massachusetts Route 10 , which comes over the Deerfield River in the south before heading northward through town, with another interchange along the highway portion of Route 2. In October 2016, the administration of Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker announced a $ 7.5 million grant to the town government to build

4592-539: The conclusion of NEGT's Chapter 11 bankruptcy and liquidation of the assets of the USGen subsidiary in 2005. In 1994, an agreement on relicensing the various dams with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Massachusetts and Vermont state authorities that regulate water quality led to comprehensive coordinated water release and power generation schedules to enable more recreational use of

4674-482: The early 1970s in conjunction with the development of the Bear Swamp Pumped Storage facility. This facility acts as a battery for power generated during times of low demand. By using excess electricity to pump water to the top of the mountain, where a reservoir was created by building levees around an existing high swamp, energy is stored. When electrical demand is higher (usually midday or afternoon/evening)

4756-594: The early stages of planning, which would extend MBTA 's Fitchburg Line westward through Greenfield and terminate at North Adams . Greenfield operates its own public school system for the town's 1,700 students. Greenfield operates the Academy of Early Learning at North Parish for pre-kindergarten students, three elementary schools—the Four Corners School to the north, the Federal Street School centrally, and

4838-457: The early twentieth century, the popularity of camping in the United States grew as a result of the publicity created by The Vagabonds: Henry Ford , Thomas Edison , John Burroughs , and Harvey S. Firestone . This group of famous American businessmen, inventors, and authors traveled for ten years to different states, and the press highly documented their trips from across the country. Oftentimes, "...these rough and tumble pioneers would drive toward

4920-402: The entire Franklin County Fair Kick-Off Parade was bee-themed, with many bee-decorated floats and marchers in bee costumes. Greenfield lies at the junction of four highways. Interstate 91 travels north and south through the western stretch of the city and is duplexed for a 3-mile (5 km) stretch with Massachusetts Route 2 . Route 2, which follows the rough path of (and is nicknamed after)

5002-409: The equipment consists of small items which have the purpose of helping the camper in providing food , heat , and safety . The equipment used in this type of camping must be lightweight and it is restricted to the mandatory items. Other types of camping such as winter camping involve having specially designed equipment in terms of tents or clothing that is strong enough to protect the camper's body from

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5084-409: The exception of the seven-member school committee , which consists of the mayor plus six members elected at-large. Greenfield's first mayor, Christine Forgey, served until 2009 when she was defeated in a primary election . Greenfield's second mayor, Bill Martin, took second place in the 2009 primary as a write-in candidate and went on to win the general election in June. Martin's tenure began with

5166-416: The great outdoors with the world. Possibly the first commercial camping ground in the world was Cunningham's camp , near Douglas, Isle of Man , which opened in 1894. In 1906, the Association of Cycle Campers opened its first camping site in Weybridge . By that time, the organization had several hundred members. In 1910 the Association was merged into the National Camping Club. Although the First World War

5248-401: The importance of the honeybee in sustaining the environment and in human agriculture. Bee Fest, now an annual celebration held in the spring, overlooks the center of town and Court Square and offers fun and learning for all ages. Greenfield has nine large bee sculptures, six of them installed in 2021 and three in 2022. Local artist Rachael Katz designed the sculptures and was a motive force in

5330-610: The island towns of Edgartown and Nantucket are smaller. As of the census of 2000, there had been 18,168 people, 7,939 households, and 4,374 families residing in the city. The population density was 836.2 inhabitants per square mile (322.9/km ). There were 8,301 housing units at an average density of 382.1 per square mile (147.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.39% White , 1.34% Black or African American , 0.32% Native American , 1.10% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 1.41% from other races , and 2.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.54% of

5412-455: The nine voting precincts. As of 2021 , Sheila Gilmour is the Council President, and Dan Guin is the Vice-President. Greenfield operates its own police and fire departments. The town is also patrolled by the Second (Shelburne Falls) Barracks of Troop "B" of the Massachusetts State Police . It runs a sizeable public works department and is the home base of the regional waste management system. The Greenfield Public Library, formerly located at

5494-401: The north, through town to the Deerfield, which lies along the city's southern border. From there, the Deerfield meets the Connecticut, which flows southward along the Montague border before bending eastward briefly before continuing southward. Several brooks flow into the three rivers, as well as a fourth river, the Fall River, which makes up the city's border with Gill. The city is located beside

5576-414: The overall project. Other local artists painted the bees in colorful themes. The project received support from the Massachusetts Cultural Council, local businesses and non-profit organizations, and the community. Greenfield has a pocket park with educational installations, a painted crosswalk, lamppost signage, and parking garage banners, all themed around and celebrating Langstroth and honeybees. In 2021,

5658-410: The population. There were 7,939 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.9% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and

5740-604: The preceding decade. In the year concluding in 2019, Australians embarked on a record-breaking 13.9 million caravan and camping journeys. Of these excursions, commercial caravan parks and camping grounds contributed to 52% of trips, 62% of nights spent, and 64% of total expenditure. Since the lifting of COVID-related restrictions, there has been a strong rebound in numbers. By the conclusion of the year in June 2022, trips had reached 12.7 million, while spending surged to an unprecedented $ 10.5 billion. With over 770,000 caravan and campervan registrations nationwide in 2021, this upward trend

5822-432: The province of Québec did go camping, that being about 1,600,000 people. In the same research, the study has shown that a certain 8% of those campers were strangers. The popularity of camping in Canada is not only for locals but also for travelers. About 34% of the camp fanatics in Québec are camping on either National Parks or Provincials Parks . According to the Australian government , camping and caravan holds

5904-535: The river, with minimum water flow measures to mitigate the dam impact on riverine habitat. A 260-foot-tall (79 m) dam was proposed for the Stillwater section of the river in Deerfield in the mid to late twentieth century. Local opposition helped to defeat the proposal. Gardners Falls Deerfield #2 The hydroelectric development of the Deerfield River began in 1910 when the New England Power Company

5986-405: The spirit and form of "camping" as it is broadly understood. Similarly, a homeless person's lifestyle may involve many common camping activities, such as sleeping out and preparing meals over a fire but fails to reflect the elective nature and pursuit of spirit rejuvenation that are an integral aspect of camping. The history of recreational camping is often traced back to Thomas Hiram Holding ,

6068-615: The terminus for an extension of the New Haven–Springfield Shuttle , in a pilot program being launched by CTRail and the MassDOT . The new commuter rail service, now dubbed the Valley Flyer , made its first run August 30, 2019. It runs twice in each direction on weekdays and once on weekends, to and from New Haven, Connecticut , with connections to New York City . There is a proposal known as "Northern Tier Passenger Rail" in

6150-544: The territory to be later named " National Parks ". These days, the parks are now known for being some of the most popular campgrounds in the country. But it was not always accessible to everyone. In Canada, before the 1910s, camping was reserved only for men. The first camping ground to be established in a National Park in Canada was in 1964 at the Lake Louise . According to data by a study made by Camping Québec in 2016, 20% of

6232-416: The water from the upper reservoir can be released through the turbines (which act as pumps in reverse) to meet demand. The third commercial nuclear reactor in the United States was built in the town of Rowe, Massachusetts , on the banks of the Deerfield River by Sherman Reservoir. Known as " Yankee Rowe ", it generated electricity for New England from 1960 to 1992. The eastern entrance of the Hoosac Tunnel

6314-533: Was $ 33,110, and the median income for a family was $ 46,412. Males had a median income of $ 33,903 versus $ 26,427 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 18,830. About 11.4% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over. Greenfield was one of several Massachusetts municipalities that applied for, and were granted, city forms of government but wished to retain "The Town of" in their official names. In December 2017,

6396-425: Was for many years the home of Lorenzo Langstroth , known as the "Father of Modern Beekeeping," and the city celebrates Langstroth's life and contributions with bee-themed events and attractions. Bee Fest was launched in 2010 by Greenfield's Second Congregational Church, where Langstroth was pastor during the late 1840s. The first Bee Fest served to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Langstroth's birth and to highlight

6478-410: Was formed to acquire water rights on the Deerfield and construct dams. The largest dam, Harriman, was built in the early 1920s and has an unusual overflow structure known as the "Glory Hole." This structure is a funnel-like concrete tube that leads to a tunnel under the earthen dam and prevents high flows from overtopping the dam. The last dam built on the Deerfield was Fife Brook Dam, which was built in

6560-517: Was one of the most important American centers of the tap and die business and was the home of Greenfield Tap & Die Company (GTD). It was designated the county seat when Franklin County was created from Hampshire County in 1811. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 22 square miles (56.7 km ), of which 21 square miles (55.5 km ) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.2 km ), or 2.08%,

6642-513: Was responsible for a certain hiatus in camping activity, the association received a new lease of life after the war when Sir Robert Baden-Powell (founder of the Boy Scouts movement ) became its president in 1919. In the US, camping may be traced to William Henry Harrison Murray 's 1869 publication of Camp-Life in the Adirondacks, resulting in a flood of visitors to the Adirondacks that summer. During

6724-573: Was sworn in as mayor on January 2, 2024. In Greenfield, the Mayor appoints most of the members of the various city boards, with the city council approving appointments. The mayor also serves as a voting member of the school committee, but is forbidden to serve as its chairman or vice-chair. In addition, the mayor sits as an ex officio non-voting member on all the other city boards. The City Council consists of 13 members: four "Councilors at Large" and nine "Precinct Councilors" elected to represent each of

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