Misplaced Pages

#211788

29-398: Debian always has at least three active branches at any time: "stable", "testing" and "unstable". The stable branch is considered the primary release and what most people refer to when talking about Debian. The testing branch contains packages that have been imported from unstable. Testing has significantly more up-to-date packages than stable and is frozen some time before a release to become

58-577: A "point release", is version 9.13, released on 18 July 2020 ; 4 years ago  ( 2020-07-18 ) . Major upgrades include the Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to 4.9, GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22, KDE Plasma 4 was upgraded to Plasma 5 , LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and Qt upgraded from 4.8 to 5.7. LXQt has been added as well. The Intel i586 (Pentium) , i586/i686 hybrid and PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch. Point releases: Debian 10 (Buster)

87-435: A change contrary to the rules is required, such as restarting the freeze period. Common types of freezes are: In development environments using version control , the use of branching can alleviate delays in development caused by freezes. For example, a project may have a "stable" branch from which new versions of the software are released, and a separate "development" branch in which the developers add new code. The effect of

116-483: A freeze is then to prevent promotion of some or all changes from the development branch to the stable branch. In other words, the freeze applies only to the stable branch, and developers can continue their work on the development branch. PA-RISC Precision Architecture RISC ( PA-RISC ) or Hewlett Packard Precision Architecture ( HP/PA or simply HPPA ), is a general purpose computer instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard from

145-579: A new series of HP 3000 machines in the late 1980s – the 930 and 950, commonly known at the time as Spectrum systems, the name given to them in the development labs. These machines ran MPE-XL . The HP 9000 machines were soon upgraded with the PA-RISC processor as well, running the HP-UX version of Unix . Other operating systems ported to the PA-RISC architecture include Linux , OpenBSD , NetBSD , OSF/1 , NeXTSTEP , and ChorusOS . An interesting aspect of

174-781: A previous release. A transition from the a.out binary format to the ELF binary format had already begun before the planned 1.0 release. The only supported architecture was Intel 80386 (i386). Debian 1.1 ( Buzz ), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0. Debian 1.2 ( Rex ), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages maintained by 120 developers. Debian 1.3 ( Bo ), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200 developers. Point releases: Debian 2.0 ( Hamm ), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. A transition

203-459: A single branch delay slot . This means that the instruction immediately following a branch instruction is executed before the program's control flow is transferred to the target instruction of the branch. An HP Precision processor also includes a Processor Status Word (PSW) register. The PSW register contains various flags that enable virtual addressing, protection, interruptions , and other status information. The number of floating-point registers

232-588: Is declared "stable" and released with a version number. When a release transitions to long-term support phase (LTS-phase), security is no longer handled by the main Debian security team. Only a subset of Debian architectures are eligible for Long Term Support, and there is no support for packages in backports. Debian 1.0 was never released, as a vendor accidentally shipped a development release with that version number. The package management system dpkg and its front-end dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in

261-572: Is eventually moved to the archived releases repository. Debian distribution codenames are based on the names of characters from the Toy Story films. Debian's unstable trunk is named after Sid , a character who regularly destroyed his toys. Debian Unstable, known as "Sid", contains all the latest packages as soon as they are available, and follows a rolling-release model . Once a package has been in Debian Unstable for 2-10 days (depending on

290-830: The display manager GDM , the directory service OpenLDAP , the security software OpenSSH and the mail transfer agent Postfix . Debian was ported to the PowerPC and ARM architectures. Point releases: Debian 3.0 ( Woody ), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages maintained by more than 900 developers. KDE was introduced and Debian was ported to the following architectures: IA-64 , PA-RISC (hppa), mips and mipsel and IBM ESA/390 (s390) . Point releases: Debian 3.1 ( Sarge ), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages. debian-installer and OpenOffice.org were introduced. Point releases: Debian 4.0 ( Etch ), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian

319-487: The "main" repository as a matter of policy. Point releases: Debian 7 ( Wheezy ), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages. Support for UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the armhf and IBM z/Architecture (s390x) architectures. Point releases: Debian 8 ( Jessie ), released 25 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages, with systemd installed by default instead of init . ( sysvinit and upstart packages are provided as alternatives.) Debian

SECTION 10

#1733115874212

348-576: The 1980s until the 2000s. The architecture was introduced on 26 February 1986, when the HP 3000 Series 930 and HP 9000 Model 840 computers were launched featuring the first implementation, the TS1. HP stopped selling PA-RISC-based HP 9000 systems at the end of 2008 but supported servers running PA-RISC chips until 2013. PA-RISC was succeeded by the Itanium (originally IA-64) ISA, jointly developed by HP and Intel . In

377-562: The HP 9000 Series 500 minicomputers , based on their own (16- and 32-bit) FOCUS microprocessor. The Precision Architecture is the result of what was known inside Hewlett-Packard as the Spectrum program. HP planned to use Spectrum to move all of their non-PC compatible machines to a single RISC CPU family. In early 1982, work on the Precision Architecture began at HP Laboratories, defining

406-503: The PA-RISC line is that most of its generations have no level 2 cache . Instead large level 1 caches are used, initially as separate chips connected by a bus, and later integrated on-chip. Only the PA-7100LC and PA-7300LC have L2 caches. Another innovation of the PA-RISC is the addition of vector instructions ( SIMD ) in the form of MAX , which were first introduced on the PA-7100LC. Precision RISC Organization , an industry group led by HP,

435-461: The Release Team announced the freeze development milestone timeline for this release: Point releases: Freeze (software engineering) In software engineering , a freeze is a point in time in the development process after which the rules for making changes to the source code or related resources become more strict, or the period during which those rules are applied. A freeze helps move

464-640: The instruction set and virtual memory system. Development of the first TTL implementation started in April 1983. With simulation of the processor having completed in 1983, a final processor design was delivered to software developers in July 1984. Systems prototyping followed, with "lab prototypes" being produced in 1985 and product prototypes in 1986. The first processors were introduced in products during 1986. It has thirty-two 32-bit integer registers and sixteen 64-bit floating-point registers. The HP Precision Architecture has

493-598: The late 1980s, HP was building four series of computers, all based on CISC CPUs. One line was the IBM PC compatible Intel i286 -based Vectra Series, started in 1986. All others were non- Intel systems. One of them was the HP Series 300 of Motorola 68000 -based workstations , another Series 200 line of technical workstations based on a custom silicon on sapphire (SOS) chip design, the SOS based 16-bit HP 3000 classic series, and finally

522-400: The next version of Debian. The unstable release (also known as Sid) is the branch where active development takes place. It is the most volatile version of Debian. When the Debian stable branch is replaced with a newer release, the current stable becomes an "oldstable" release. When the Debian stable branch is replaced again, the oldstable release becomes the "oldoldstable" release. Oldoldstable

551-575: The older big-endian 32-bit MIPS architectures. This is not to be confused with the more common i386 32-bit architecture which is still supported. The first of the code freezes, readying Debian 11 for release, began on 12 January 2021. Development freeze timetable: Point releases: Debian 12 (Bookworm) was released on 10 June 2023. It is based on Linux kernel v6.1 LTS, and uses GNOME 43 as its default desktop environment, but as usual many other desktops are available, such as KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.26, and Xfce 4.18. On 13 October 2022,

580-448: The project forward towards a release or the end of an iteration by reducing the scale or frequency of changes, and may be used to help meet a roadmap . The exact rules depend on the type of freeze and the particular development process in use; for example, they may include only allowing changes which fix bugs , or allowing changes only after thorough review by other members of the development team. They may also specify what happens if

609-529: The urgency of the upload), doesn't introduce critical bugs and doesn't break other packages (among other conditions), it is included in Debian Testing, also known as "next-stable". On average about every two years, Debian Testing enters a "freeze" cycle, where new packages are held back unless they fix critical bugs. This frozen state lasts on average 7 months (but can be as short as one month). Once Debian Testing doesn't contain any more release critical bugs, it

SECTION 20

#1733115874212

638-461: Was deblobbed beginning with this release. The web browser Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to the kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures (while that port was later discontinued), and support for the Intel 486 , Alpha , and PA-RISC (hppa) architectures was dropped. Squeeze was the first release of Debian in which non-free firmware components (aka "binary blobs") were excluded from

667-614: Was doubled in the 1.1 version to 32 once it became apparent that 16 were inadequate and restricted performance. The architects included Allen Baum, Hans Jeans, Michael J. Mahon, Ruby Bei-Loh Lee , Russel Kao, Steve Muchnick , Terrence C. Miller, David Fotland, and William S. Worley. The first implementation was the TS1, a central processing unit built from discrete transistor–transistor logic ( 74F TTL ) devices. Later implementations were multi-chip VLSI designs fabricated in NMOS processes (NS1 and NS2) and CMOS (CS1 and PCX). They were first used in

696-433: Was founded in 1992, to promote the PA-RISC architecture. Members included Convex , Hitachi , Hughes Aircraft , Mitsubishi , NEC , OKI , Prime , Stratus , Yokogawa , Red Brick Software , and Allegro Consultants, Inc. The ISA was extended in 1996 to 64 bits, with this revision named PA-RISC 2.0. PA-RISC 2.0 also added fused multiply–add instructions, which help certain floating-point intensive algorithms, and

725-514: Was made to libc6 and Debian was ported to the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures. Point releases: Debian 2.1 ( Slink ), released 9 March 1999, contained about 2,250 packages. The front-end APT was introduced for the package management system and Debian was ported to Alpha and SPARC . Point releases: Debian 2.2 ( Potato ), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included

754-533: Was ported to x86-64 (amd64) and support for the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architecture was dropped. This version introduced utf-8 and udev device management by default. Point releases: Debian 5.0 ( Lenny ), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000 packages. Debian was ported to the ARM EABI (armel) architecture. Point releases: Debian 6.0 ( Squeeze ), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000 packages. The default Linux kernel included

783-566: Was ported to the ARM64 and ppc64le architectures, while support for the IA-64 , kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386 , IBM ESA/390 (s390) (only the 31-bit variant; the newer 64-bit s390x was retained) and SPARC architectures were dropped. Long term support ended June 2020. Point releases: Debian 9 (Stretch) was released on 17 June 2017, two years and two months after Debian 8.0, and contained more than 51,000 packages. The final minor update, called

812-570: Was released on 14 August 2021. It is based on the Linux 5.10 LTS kernel and will be supported for five years. On 12 November 2020, it was announced that "Homeworld", by Juliette Taka, will be the default theme for Debian 11, after winning a public poll held with eighteen choices. Bullseye dropped the remaining Qt4/KDE 4 libraries and Python 2, and shipped with Qt 5.15 KDE Plasma 5.20. Available desktops include Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16, MATE 1.24, and Xfce 4.16. Bullseye does not support

841-664: Was released on 6 July 2019 ; 5 years ago  ( 2019-07-06 ) . It was two years and a month after Debian 9 (Stretch). Debian 10 contains 57,703 packages, supports UEFI Secure Boot , has AppArmor enabled by default, uses LUKS2 as the default LUKS format, and uses Wayland for GNOME by default. Debian 10 ships with Linux kernel version 4.19. Available desktops include Cinnamon 3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, Xfce 4.12. Key application software includes LibreOffice 6.1 for office productivity, VLC 3.0 for media viewing, and Firefox ESR for web browsing. Point releases: Debian 11 (Bullseye)

#211788