55-587: Daxing Airport Express of the Beijing Subway ( Chinese : 北京地铁大兴机场线 ; pinyin : Běijīng Dìtiě Dàxīng Jīchǎng Xiàn ) is an airport rail link from Caoqiao (located at the Southern 3rd Ring Road ) to the Beijing Daxing International Airport . It is colored blue on subway maps. The line opened on September 26, 2019. It is one of two lines connecting the urban area of Beijing to
110-587: A QR code with effective periods of one to seven days. Previous fare schedules On December 28, 2014, the Beijing Subway switched from a fixed-fare schedule to the current distance-based fare schedule for all lines except the Capital Airport Express . Prior to the December 28, 2014, fare increase, passengers paid a flat rate of RMB(¥) 2.00 (including unlimited fare-free transfers) for all lines except
165-422: A minimum wait time of 14 minutes. On August 15, the initial line was extended to Yuquan Lu and had 13 stations over 15.6 km (9.7 mi). On November 7, the line was extended again, to Gucheng Lu, and had 16 stations over 22.87 km (14.21 mi). The number of trains per day rose to 100. Overall, the line delivered 8.28 million rides in 1971, averaging 28,000 riders per day. From 1971 to 1975,
220-473: A paying adult. Senior citizens over the age of 65, individuals with physical disabilities, retired revolutionary cadres, police and army veterans who had been wounded in action, military personnel and People's Armed Police can ride the subway for free. Unlimited-rides fare Since January 20, 2019, riders can purchase unlimited rides fare tickets using the Yitongxing (亿通行) APP on smartphones, which generates
275-452: A phone app. A May 2018 upgrade allowed entrance via scanning a QR code from the same app. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, a name and Chinese Resident Identity Card number must be entered when buying single-ride tickets for contact tracing purposes. This measure has been criticized for increasing the time spent buying tickets. Beijing Subway lines generally follow the checkerboard layout of
330-627: A subsidiary of China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corp. Line S1's maglev trains were produced by CRRC Tangshan . The Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. Ltd. , a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp. Ltd. , provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services. There will be 6 fully automated lines at the level of GoA4 , including 4 lines in operation (the Yanfang line , Line 17 and Line 19 and
385-515: A total of 655 million rides delivered in 2007, the government's subsidy averaged ¥0.92 per ride. As part of the urban re-development for the 2008 Olympics, the subway system was significantly expanded. In the summer of 2008, in anticipation of the Summer Olympic Games, three new lines— Line 10 (Phase 1), Line 8 (Phase 1) and the Capital Airport Express —opened on July 19. The use of paper tickets, hand checked by clerks for 38 years,
440-782: Is also planned for the long term. Line R1 of Xiong'an Rail Transit will through-operate with Daxing Airport Express. The section from Daxing Airport to Xiong'an Terminal is under construction. The section is 86 km (53.44 mi) in length, including 65.7 km (40.82 mi) elevated. Beijing Subway [REDACTED] The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 27 lines including 22 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links , one maglev line and two light rail tram lines, and 490 stations . The rail network extends 836 km (519 mi) across 12 urban and suburban districts of Beijing and into one district of Langfang in neighboring Hebei province. In December 2023,
495-537: Is an integrated circuit card that stores credit for the subway, urban and suburban buses and e-money for other purchases. The Yikatong card itself must be purchased at the ticket counter. To enter a station, the Yikatong card must have a minimum balance of ¥3.00. Upon exiting the system, single-ride tickets are inserted into the turnstile, which are reused by the system. To prevent fraud, passengers are required to complete their journeys within four hours upon entering
550-580: Is currently under construction. The extension is fully underground. The northern extension started construction in 2020 and will be completed in 2025. Ordinary Class one-way fare is ¥10, ¥25 or ¥35 (see below) and Business Class one-way fare is ¥50. The train sets of Daxing Airport Express are built by CRRC Qingdao Sifang . 8 Car Train 4 Car Train The Daxing Airport Express was originally planned to start from Mudanyuan, and be routed in parallel with Line 19 from Mudanyuan to Caoqiao. However,
605-564: Is extending evening operations of all lines by one to three hours (to 1-2 a.m.) through the duration of the Games. The subway set a daily ridership record of 4.92 million on August 22, 2008, the day of the Games' closing ceremony . In 2008, total ridership rose by 75% to 1.2 billion. After the Chinese government announced a ¥4 trillion economic stimulus package in November 2008 ,
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#1732848860119660-576: Is fully automated. Construction started at the end of 2016. Test runs on the line began in June 2019, and the line was opened on September 26, 2019 (Phase 1). A northern extension to Lize Business District station is under construction, with a length of 3.5 km (2.17 mi). The extension will be fully underground, and will bring the line to a total of 44.86 km (27.87 mi). The northern extension started construction in 2020 and will be completed in 2025. A southern extension to Daxing Airport South
715-532: Is managed by the MTR Corporation through a joint venture with the city. In 2009, the subway delivered 1.457 billion rides, 19.24% of mass transit trips in Beijing. Guangyang District Guangyang District ( simplified Chinese : 广阳区 ; traditional Chinese : 廣陽區 ; pinyin : Guǎngyáng Qū ) is a district of Langfang , Hebei , China. Source: Subdistricts: Towns: The only township
770-518: Is the oldest metro system in mainland China and on the mainland of East Asia . Before the system began its rapid expansion in 2002, the subway had only two lines. The existing network still cannot adequately meet the city's mass transit needs. Beijing Subway's extensive expansion plans call for 998.5 km (620.4 mi) of lines serving a projected 18.5 million trips every day when Phase 2 Construction Plan finished (around 2025). The most recent expansion came into effect on December 30, 2023, with
825-458: The Capital Airport Express , which cost ¥25, The flat fare was the lowest among metro systems in China . Before the flat fare schedule was introduced on October 7, 2007, fares ranged from ¥3 to ¥7, depending on the line and number of transfers. Each station has two to fifteen ticket vending machines. Ticket vending machines on all lines can add credit to Yikatong cards. Single-ride tickets take
880-674: The Daxing Airport Express ) and 2 lines under construction ( Line 3 and Line 12 ), using domestically developed communications-based train control systems. The subway was proposed in September 1953 by the city's planning committee and experts from the Soviet Union . After the end of the Korean War , Chinese leaders turned their attention to domestic reconstruction. They were keen to expand Beijing's mass transit capacity but also valued
935-614: The Ming city wall. Fares doubled to ¥0.20 for single-line rides and ¥0.30 for rides with transfers. Ridership reached 307 million in 1988. The subway was closed from June 3–4, 1989 during the suppression of the Tiananmen Square demonstrations . In 1990, the subway carried more than one million riders per day for the first time, as total ridership reached 381 million. After a fare hike to ¥0.50 in 1991, annual ridership declined slightly to 371 million. On January 26, 1991, planning began on
990-669: The Beijing Daxing International Airport. The other line is the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway , a high-speed rail operated by China Railway . The line is the second Beijing Subway line to be fully automated and driverless, after the Yanfang line . Phase 1 of the line is 41.36 km (25.70 mi), including 17.71 km (11.00 mi) of elevated track and 23.65 km (14.70 mi) of underground track. All stations are underground. A 3.5 km (2.2 mi) northern extension to Lize Shangwuqu station
1045-545: The Beijing Subway became the world's longest metro system by route length , surpassing the Shanghai Metro . With 3.8484 billion trips delivered in 2018 (10.544 million trips per day ) and single-day ridership record of 13.7538 million set on July 12, 2019, the Beijing Subway was the world's busiest metro system in the years immediately prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic . The Beijing Subway opened in 1971 and
1100-626: The Beijing urban planning commission further expedited subway building plans, especially for elevated lines to suburban districts that are cheaper to build. In December 2008, the commission moved completion dates of the Yizhuang and Daxing Lines to 2010 from 2012, finalized the route of the Fangshan Line, and unveiled the Changping and Xijiao Lines. Line 4 started operation on September 28, 2009, bringing subway service to much of western Beijing. It
1155-575: The Line 2 loop, marking the old Ming-Qing era city of Beijing . Each of the following lines provides service predominantly to one or more of the suburbs beyond the 5th Ring Road . Lines 15, S1 along with the Changping, Daxing, Yanfang lines extend beyond the 6th Ring Road . According to the Phase 2 construction plan approved by the NDRC in 2015, the length of Beijing Subway will reach 998.5 km (620.4 mi) when
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#17328488601191210-578: The Moscow Metro, was invited to plan the subway in Beijing. From 1953 to 1960, several thousand Chinese university students were sent to the Soviet Union to study subway construction. An early plan unveiled in 1957 called for one ring route and six other lines with 114 stations and 172 km (107 mi) of track. Two routes vied for the first to be built. One ran east–west from Wukesong to Hongmiao, underneath Changan Avenue. The other ran north–south from
1265-493: The Phase 2 construction finished. By then, public transit will comprise 60% of all trips. Of those, the subway will comprise 62%. The adjustment of the Phase 2 construction plan was approved by the NDRC on December 5, 2019. Which altered and expanded some projects in the Phase 2 construction plan. Including adjusting alignments of Line 22 and Line 28 and additional projects such as the Daxing Airport Line north extension,
1320-576: The Qianmen gate and its arrow tower by slightly altering the course of the subway. The initial line was completed and began trial operations in time to mark the 20th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic on October 1, 1969. It ran 21 km (13 mi) from Gucheng to the Beijing Railway Station and had 16 stations. This line forms parts of present-day Lines 1 and 2. It
1375-560: The Summer Palace to Zhongshan Park , via Xizhimen and Xisi. The former was chosen due to more favorable geological foundation and greater number of government bureaus served. The second route would not be built until construction on Line 4 began forty years later. The original proposal called for deep subway tunnels that can better serve military functions. Between Gongzhufen and Muxidi , shafts as deep as 120 m (390 ft) were being dug. The world's deepest subway station at
1430-712: The bureau was placed under the authority of Beijing Municipal Transportation Department. On April 20, 1981, the bureau became the Beijing Subway Company, which was a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company. In July 2001, the Beijing Municipal Government reorganized the subway company into the Beijing Subway Group Company Ltd., a wholly city-owned holding company, which assumed ownership of all of
1485-453: The city won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympics and accelerated plans to expand the subway. From 2002 to 2008, the city planned to invest ¥63.8 billion (US$ 7.69 billion) in subway projects and build an ambitious "three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial" subway network. Work on Line 5 had already begun on September 25, 2000. Land clearing for Lines 4 and 10 began in November 2003 and construction commenced by
1540-495: The city. Most lines through the urban core (outlined by the Line 10 loop) run parallel or perpendicular to each other and intersect at right angles. The urban core of Beijing is roughly outlined by the Line 10 loop, which runs underneath or just beyond the 3rd Ring Road . Each of the following lines provides extensive service within the Line 10 loop. All have connections to seven or more lines. Lines 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 19 also run through
1595-663: The connecting line between Yizhuang line , Line 5 and Line 10 . The Beijing Subway is owned by the Beijing Municipal People's Government through the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., LTD, (北京市基础设施投资有限公司 or BIIC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (北京市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会 or Beijing SASAC), the municipal government's asset holding entity. The Beijing Subway
1650-585: The control of the People's Liberation Army in early 1970, but reliability problems persisted. On January 15, 1971, the initial line began operation on a trial basis between the Beijing railway station and Gongzhufen . Single ride fare was set at ¥ 0.10 and only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets. The line was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) in length, had 10 stations and operated more than 60 train trips per day with
1705-538: The eastward extension of Line 1 under Chang'an Avenue from Fuxingmen. The project was funded by a 19.2 billion yen low-interest development assistance loan from Japan. Construction began on the eastern extension on June 24, 1992, and the Xidan station opened on December 12, 1992. The remaining extension to Sihuidong was completed on September 28, 1999. National leaders Wen Jiabao , Jia Qinglin , Yu Zhengsheng and mayor Liu Qi were on hand to mark
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1760-598: The end of the year. Most new subway construction projects were funded by loans from the Big Four state banks. Line 4 was funded by the Beijing MTR Corporation, a joint-venture with the Hong Kong MTR . To achieve plans for 19 lines and 561 km (349 mi) by 2015, the city planned to invest a total of ¥200 billion ($ 29.2 billion). The next additions to the subway were surface commuter lines that linked to
1815-523: The form of an RFID-enabled flexible plastic card. Passengers must insert the ticket or scan the card at the gate both before entering and exiting the station. The subway's fare collection gates accept single-ride tickets and the Yikatong fare card. Passengers can purchase tickets and add credit to Yikatong card at ticket counters or vending machines in every station. The Yikatong , also known as Beijing Municipal Administration & Communication Card (BMAC),
1870-501: The heart of the capital to the Western Hills. On February 4, 1965, Chairman Mao Zedong personally approved the project. Construction began on July 1, 1965, at a groundbreaking ceremony attended by several national leaders including Zhu De , Deng Xiaoping , and Beijing mayor Peng Zhen . The most controversial outcome of the initial subway line was the demolition of the Beijing's historic inner city wall to make way for
1925-594: The network, high capacity Type A trains are increasingly being used. Additionally, Type D trains are being used in express subway lines. Until 2003 nearly all trains were manufactured by the Changchun Railway Vehicles Company ;Ltd. , now a subsidiary of the China CNR Corporation . The newest Line 1 trains and those on Lines 4, 8, Batong, Changping and Daxing are made by Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co. ,
1980-550: The north and east of the city. Line 13 , a half loop that links the northern suburbs, first opened on the western half from Huilongguan to Xizhimen on September 28, 2002 and the entire line became operational on January 28, 2003. Batong line , built as an extension to Line 1 to Tongzhou District , was opened as a separate line on December 27, 2003. Work on these two lines had begun respectively in December 1999 and 2000. Ridership hit 607 million in 2004. Line 5 came into operation on October 7, 2007. It
2035-411: The occasion. The full-length of Line 1 became operational on June 28, 2000. Despite little track expansion in the early 1990s, ridership grew rapidly to reach a record high of 558 million in 1995, but fell to 444 million the next year when fares rose from ¥0.50 to ¥2.00. After fares rose again to ¥3.00 in 2000, annual ridership fell to 434 million from 481 million in 1999. In the summer of 2001,
2090-650: The openings of extensions to Line 11 , Line 16 , and Line 17 . Single-ride fare The Beijing Subway charges single-ride fare according to trip distance for all lines except the two airport express lines. Same-station transfers are free on all subway lines except the two Airport Express lines, the Xijiao Line and the Yizhuang T1 Line , which require the purchase of a new fare when transferring to or from those lines. Fare free riders Children below 1.3 metres (51 in) in height ride for free when accompanied by
2145-405: The plan would cost more than 40 billion yuan, which was considered too expensive for a dedicated line that would only serve passengers going to and from the airport. The parallel section with Line 19 was abandoned and the route was shortened to the stretch from Caoqiao to Daxing Airport. The investment required for the line was reduced by 20 billion yuan. In 2014, it was reported that the government
2200-470: The public. This horseshoe-shaped line was created from the eastern half of the initial line and corresponds to the southern half of the present-day Line 2. It ran 16.1 km (10.0 mi) from Fuxingmen to Jianguomen with 16 stations. Ridership reached 105 million in 1985. On December 28, 1987, the two existing lines were reconfigured into Lines 1, which ran from Pingguoyuan to Fuxingmen and Line 2, in its current loop, tracing
2255-562: The subway as an asset for civil defense. They studied the use of the Moscow Metro to protect civilians, move troops and headquarter military command posts during the Battle of Moscow , and planned the Beijing Subway for both civilian and military use. At that time, the Chinese lacked expertise in building subways and drew heavily on Soviet and East German technical assistance. In 1954, a delegation of Soviet engineers, including some who had built
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2310-501: The subway remained prone to closures due to fires, flooding, and accidents. Annual ridership grew from 22.2 million in 1976 and 28.4 million in 1977 to 30.9 million in 1978, and 55.2 million in 1980. On April 20, 1981, the Beijing Subway Company , then a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company, was organized to take over subway operations. On September 15, 1981, the initial line passed its final inspections, and
2365-521: The subway was shut down for 398 days for political reasons. On December 27, 1972, the riders no longer needed to present credential letters to purchase tickets. In 1972, the subway delivered 15 million rides and averaged 41,000 riders per day. In 1973, the line was extended to Pingguoyuan and reached 23.6 km (14.7 mi) in length with 17 stations and 132 train trips per day. The line delivered 11 million rides in 1973, averaging 54,000 riders per day. Despite its return to civilian control in 1976,
2420-497: The subway's assets. In November 2003, the assets of the Beijing Subway Group Company were transferred to the newly created BIIC. The Beijing Subway has five operators: All subway train sets run on 1,435 millimetres (56.5 in) standard gauge rail, except the maglev trains on Line S1 , which run on a maglev track. Beijing Subway operates Type B trains on most lines. However, due to increasing congestion on
2475-765: The subway. If the four-hour limit is exceeded, a surcharge of ¥3 is imposed. Each Yikatong card is allowed to be overdrawn once. The overdrawn amount is deducted when credits are added to the card. Yikatong card users who spend more than ¥100 on subway fare in a calendar month will receive credits to their card the following month. After reaching ¥100 of spending in one calendar month, 20% of any further spending up to ¥150 will be credited. When spending exceeds ¥150, 50% of any further spending up to ¥250 will be credited. Once expenditures exceed ¥400, further spending won't earn any more credits. The credits are designed to ease commuters' burdens of fare increases. Beginning in June 2017, single-journey tickets could be purchased via
2530-528: The subway. Construction plans for the subway from Fuxingmen to the Beijing Railway Station called for the removal of the wall, as well as the gates and archery towers at Hepingmen, Qianmen, and Chongwenmen. Leading architect Liang Sicheng argued for protecting the wall as a landmark of the ancient capital. Chairman Mao favored demolishing the wall over demolishing homes. In the end, Premier Zhou Enlai managed to preserve several walls and gates, such as
2585-500: The surface. The deterioration of relations between China and Soviet Union disrupted subway planning. Soviet experts began to leave in 1960, and were completely withdrawn by 1963. In 1961, the entire project was halted temporarily due to severe hardships caused by the Great Leap Forward . Eventually, planning work resumed. The route of the initial line was shifted westward to create an underground conduit to move personnel from
2640-534: The time in the Kyiv Metro was only 100 m (330 ft) deep. But Beijing's high water table and high pressure head of ground water which complicated construction and posed risk of leakage, and along with the inconvenience of transporting passengers long distances from the surface, led the authorities to abandon the deep tunnel plan in May 1960 in favor of cut-and-cover shallow tunnels some 20 m (66 ft) below
2695-571: The west section of Line 11 and transforming Line 13 into two lines, 13A and 13B. According to the information released in July 2022, the "Beijing Rail Transit Phase III Construction Plan" includes 11 construction projects: Line 1 Branch, Line 7 Phase 3, Line 11 Phase 2, Line 15 Phase 2, Line 17 Phase 2 (Branch), Line 19 Phase 2, Line 20 Phase 1, Fangshan line (Line 25) Phase 3 (also known as Lijin Line), Line M101 Phase 1, Line S6 (New Town Link Line) Phase 1, and
2750-521: Was discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that are scanned by automatic fare collection machines upon entry and exit of the subway. Stations are outfitted with touch screen vending machines that sell single-ride tickets and multiple-ride Yikatong fare cards. The subway operated throughout the night from August 8–9, 2008 to accommodate the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games, and
2805-577: Was going to invest 19.7 billion yuan in the Daxing Airport Express and a plan with 4 stations: Caoqiao, Daxing Xincheng, and two stations at the Daxing Airport. In early 2016, it was announced that the Daxing Airport Express was slated for completion by 2019. Phase I of the line includes only 3 stations: Caoqiao, Daxing Xincheng and Daxing Airport. The line will operate at a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) using Type D rolling stock, which
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#17328488601192860-465: Was handed over to the Beijing Subway Company, ending a decade of trial operations. It had 19 stations and ran 27.6 kilometres (17.1 miles) from Fushouling in the Western Hills to the Beijing railway station. Investment in the project totaled ¥706 million. Annual ridership rose from 64.7 million in 1981 and 72.5 million in 1982 to 82 million in 1983. On September 20, 1984, a second line was opened to
2915-702: Was originally developed and controlled by the Central Government . The subway's construction and planning was headed by a special committee of the State Council . In February 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai handed management of the subway to the People's Liberation Army , which formed the PLA Rail Engineering Corp Beijing Subway Management Bureau. In November 1975, by order of the State Council and Central Military Commission
2970-577: Was the city's first north–south line, extending from Songjiazhuang in the south to Tiantongyuan in the north. On the same day, subway fares were reduced from between ¥3 and ¥7 per trip, depending on the line and number of transfers, to a single flat fare of ¥2 with unlimited transfers. The lower fare policy caused the Beijing Subway to run a deficit of ¥600 million in 2007, which was expected to widen to ¥1 billion in 2008. The Beijing municipal government covered these deficits to encourage mass transit use, and reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. On
3025-414: Was the first subway to be built in China, and predates the metros of Hong Kong , Seoul , Singapore , San Francisco , and Washington, D.C. , but technical problems would plague the project for the next decade. Initially, the subway hosted guest visits. On November 11, 1969, an electrical fire killed three people, injured over 100 and destroyed two cars. Premier Zhou Enlai placed the subway under
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