116-834: Interstate 465 ( I-465 ), also known as the USS Indianapolis Memorial Highway , is the beltway circling Indianapolis , Indiana . It is roughly rectangular in shape and has a perimeter of approximately 53 miles (85 km). It lies almost completely within the boundaries of Marion County , except for two short sections on the north leg in Boone and Hamilton counties. It intersects with I-65 , I-69 , I-70 , and I-74 and provides additional access to I-65 via I-865 . Starting as exit numbers do, I-465 begins at an interchange with I-65 at exit 53, running concurrently with I-69 , I-74 , US 31 , US 36 , US 40 , and SR 67 . Moving west, US 31 leaves
232-601: A humid subtropical climate . Its climatic regime is in many ways typical of Southeastern United States with hot summers transitioning into cool winters, but with precipitation being consistently high throughout the year. Normal monthly temperatures range from 43.5 °F (6.4 °C) in January to 80.6 °F (27.0 °C) in July; on average, maxima reach 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and stay below 40 °F (4 °C) on 58 and 5.8 days annually, and there are 48 days annually with
348-529: A "Gold Standard Agency" in 2013. ACCPD's 911 Communications Center is also CALEA certified and has reached "Gold Standard" status. ACCPD is also the first law enforcement agency certified by the State of Georgia . Athens is home to a growing number of young technology companies including Docebo, Roundsphere, and Cogent Education. The city is also home to more established technology companies such as Partner Software, Peachtree Medical Billing, and Digital Insight. Athens
464-413: A city or town, with the standard of road being anything from an ordinary city street up to motorway level. An excellent example of this is London's North Circular/South Circular ring roads, which are largely made up of (mainly congested) ordinary city streets. In some cases, a circumferential route is formed by the combination of a major through highway and a similar-quality loop route that extends out from
580-662: A complete belt road around Hawaii Island . Other major U.S. cities with such a beltway superhighway: There are other U.S. superhighway beltway systems that consist of multiple routes that require multiple interchanges and thus do not provide true ring routes. Two designated examples are the Capital Beltway around Harrisburg, Pennsylvania using Interstate 81 , Interstate 83 , and Pennsylvania Route 581 and "The Bypass" around South Bend, Indiana using Interstate 80 , Interstate 90 , U.S. Route 31 , and Indiana State Road 331 . Edmonton , Alberta, has two ring roads. The first
696-484: A full circumferential, so using non-Interstate federal funding and employing a temporary designation of SR 100, they planned a separate 17th segment northward between I-65 at its exit 123 and the north leg of I-465 in Boone County. By the time that added section was completed in 1970, Indiana had obtained federal approval to sign it as I-465 as well, resulting in the creation of a dogleg section of I-465 outside of
812-511: A government made up of a three-member commission. The university and town continued to grow with cotton mills fueling the industrial and commercial development. Athens became known as the " Manchester of the South" after the city in England known for its mills. In 1833, a group of Athens businessmen led by James Camak, tired of their wagons getting stuck in the mud, built one of Georgia's first railroads,
928-627: A hill outside town that would become the Athens-Ben Epps Airport . The last, and perhaps only, lynching in Athens occurred on February 16, 1921, when a mob of 3,000 people attacked the Athens courthouse and carried off John Lee Eberhart. Eberhart had been arrested for the murder of his employer, Ida D. Lee, with a shotgun in Oconee County. That night, he was driven back to the Lee farm where a mock trial
1044-498: A minimum at or below freezing. Official record temperatures range from −4 °F (−20 °C) on January 21, 1985 to 109 °F (43 °C) on June 29, 2012 ; the record cold daily maximum is 18 °F (−8 °C) on January 30, 1966, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 79 °F (26 °C) as recently as August 11, 2007. Temperatures rarely fall below 10 °F (−12 °C), having last occurred January 7, 2014. The average window for freezing temperatures
1160-529: A ring road or ring road system: In Iceland , there is a 1,332 km ring road, called the ring road (or Route 1), around most of the island (excluding only the remote Westfjords ). Most of the country's settlements are on or near this road. Major cities that are served by a ring road or ring road system: Athens, Georgia Athens is a consolidated city-county in the U.S. state of Georgia . Downtown Athens lies about 70 miles (110 km) northeast of downtown Atlanta . The University of Georgia ,
1276-572: A short segment of Georgia State Route 10 Loop in Athens, Georgia , for the largest concurrency in the United States. A beltway for Indianapolis was part of the original plan of the Interstate Highway System in 1955. The general alignment was to be either on or adjacent to the now-defunct SR 100 , which, by then, had only two completed legs—on the north side, along 86th Street west of
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#17328512894281392-454: A television station, WUGA-TV (formerly WNEG-TV) from studios on the UGA campus, but maintained its transmitter near Toccoa , its city of license; what is now WGTA has since moved its studios back to Toccoa after being sold by UGA. Amateur radio has a long history in Athens. The Athens Radio Club 2-meter repeater operates on 145.330 MHz with a (-) offset and a PL tone of 123.0/123.0. Its antenna
1508-724: A three-route concurrency within the Interstate Highway System , the other two (both in Wisconsin) being in Milwaukee and between Madison and Portage . Indianapolis native David Letterman had quintuple bypass surgery in 2000, and, two years later, suggested on his show that I-465 should be renamed the David Letterman Bypass , going so far as to call the mayor of Indianapolis during the Late Show with David Letterman . At
1624-523: A through-the-city route there, with the Beltway encircling the city as I-495. The portion of I-95 entering the city from the south was soon completed (and so signed), primarily by adapting an existing major highway, but the planned extension of I-95 through residential areas northward to the Beltway was long delayed, and eventually abandoned, leaving the eastern portion of the Beltway as the best Interstate-quality route for through traffic. This eastern portion of
1740-485: A town or city, typically without either signals or road or railroad crossings. In the United States, beltways are commonly parts of the Interstate Highway System. Similar roads in the United Kingdom are often called "orbital motorways". Although the terms "ring road" and "orbital motorway" are sometimes used interchangeably, "ring road" often indicates a circumferential route formed from one or more existing roads within
1856-525: A true ring road around Detroit is effectively blocked by its location on the border with Canada and the Detroit River ; although constructing a route mostly or entirely outside city limits is technically feasible, a true ring around Detroit would necessarily pass through Canada, and so Interstate 275 and Interstate 696 together bypass but do not encircle the city. Sometimes, the presence of significant natural or historical areas limits route options, as for
1972-454: Is November 5 to March 24, allowing a growing season of 225 days. Precipitation is relatively well spread (though the summer months are slightly wetter), and averages 46.3 inches (1,180 mm) annually, but has historically ranged from 28.61 in (727 mm) in 1954 to 71.39 in (1,813 mm) in 1964. Snowfall is sporadic, averaging 2.9 inches (7.4 cm) per winter, but has reached 13.6 inches (34.5 cm) in 2010–2011. As of
2088-405: Is a loose conglomeration of four major arterial roads with an average distance of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the downtown core. Yellowhead Trail forms the northern section, Wayne Gretzky Drive /75 Street forms the eastern section, Whitemud Drive forms the southern and longest section, and 170 Street forms the western and shortest section. Whitemud Drive is the only section that
2204-413: Is a true controlled-access highway , while Yellowhead Trail and Wayne Gretzky Drive have interchanges and intersections and are therefore both limited-access roads . 170 Street and 75 Street are merely large arterial roads with intersections only. The second and more prominent ring road is named Anthony Henday Drive ; it circles the city at an average distance of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from
2320-497: Is an alternative newspaper publishing weekly. Classic City News is a not-for-profit local news source. Local radio stations include: Athens is part of the Atlanta television market. Two Atlanta-market television stations, WGTV (channel 8) and WUVG (channel 34), are licensed to Athens, though their transmitters are in the Atlanta metropolitan area. WGTV broadcasts from the top of Stone Mountain . From 2009 until 2015, UGA operated
2436-417: Is challenging when a through highway and a loop bypass together form a circumferential ring road. Since neither of the highways involved is circumferential itself, either dual signage or two (or more) route numbers is needed. The history of signage on the Capital Beltway around Washington, D.C., is instructive here. Interstate 95 , a major through highway along the U.S. East Coast , was originally planned as
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#17328512894282552-523: Is dominated by a pervasive college town culture and music scene centered in downtown Athens , next to the University of Georgia's North Campus. Major music acts associated with Athens include numerous alternative rock bands such as R.E.M. , the B-52's , Widespread Panic , Drive-By Truckers , of Montreal , Neutral Milk Hotel , and Harvey Milk . The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as
2668-417: Is home to several pharmaceutical manufacturing and biotechnology companies such as Boehringer-Ingelheim and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The University of Georgia also hosts its own biotechnology research centers mostly from the lower east side of town bordering Oconee county. In May 2020, RWDC Industries, a company that develops alternatives to single-use plastics, announced its plan to invest $ 260 million into
2784-604: Is located at 390’ AGL on a tower in the northern part of the city. The Athens Radio Club is affiliated with the American Radio Relay League and sponsors four community events each year. The 1940 film The Green Hand was shot in Athens, using local townspeople and students and faculty from the University of Georgia as its cast. The film had its premiere in Athens in January 1940, at an event attended by Governor Eurith D. Rivers . The 1980 TV series Breaking Away
2900-413: Is now the old Macon Highway. A Confederate memorial that used to stand on Broad Street near the University of Georgia Arch was removed the week of August 10, 2020. During Reconstruction , Athens continued to grow. The form of government changed to a mayor-council government with a new city charter on August 24, 1872, and Henry Beusse was elected as the first mayor of Athens. Beusse was instrumental in
3016-515: Is the focus of U.S. Highways U.S. Route 29 (US 29), US 78 , US 129 , US 441 , and Georgia State Route 72 (SR 72), and near the eastern terminus of SR 316 and the southern terminus of SR 106 . Other state routes in Athens are SR 8 and SR 15 , which follow US 29 and US 441 respectively, SR 10 which follows US 78 east and west of Athens but deviates to US 78 Bus. to go through Athens, and SR 15 Alt. which starts at
3132-441: The 2020 United States census , there were 127,315 people, 51,640 households, and 23,615 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 100,266 people, 39,239 households, and 19,344 families residing in the city. The population density was 851.5 inhabitants per square mile (328.8/km ). There were 41,633 housing units at an average density of 353.6 units per square mile (136.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of
3248-713: The American Civil War , Athens became a significant supply center when the New Orleans armory was relocated to what is now called the Chicopee building. Fortifications can still be found along parts of the North Oconee River between College Avenue and Oconee Street. In addition, Athens played a small part in the ill-fated "Stoneman Raid" when a skirmish was fought on a site overlooking the Middle Oconee River near what
3364-650: The Athens Clipper , and the Progressive Era . In the 1880s, as Athens became more densely populated, city services and improvements were undertaken. The Athens Police Department was founded in 1881 and public schools opened in the fall of 1886. Telephone service was introduced in 1882 by the Bell Telephone Company . Transportation improvements were also introduced with a street paving program beginning in 1885 and streetcars , pulled by mules, in 1888. By
3480-556: The Base Realignment and Closure process. The 56 acre site is now home to the Health Sciences Campus, which contains the University of Georgia/Medical College of Georgia Medical Partnership, the University of Georgia College of Public Health, and other health-related programs. In 1961, Athens witnessed part of the civil rights movement when Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first two black students to enter
3596-507: The Essential Air Service provisions. SeaPort Airlines provides commercial air service to Nashville International Airport , TN. Until 2012, Georgia Skies and Wings Air provided commercial air service to Atlanta , and until 2008 (before either airline's current AHN service), US Airways provided service to Charlotte . Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL) is the primary point of departure and arrival for Athenians due to
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3712-469: The Frankfurt area, major national highways converge just outside city limits before forming one of several routes of an urban network of roads circling the city. Unlike in United States, route numbering is not a challenge on European ring roads as routes merge to form the single designated road. However, exit and road junction access can be challenging due to the complexity of other routes branching from or into
3828-553: The Georgia , connecting Athens to Augusta by 1841, and to Marthasville (now Atlanta ) by 1845. In the 1830s and 1840s, transportation developments and the growing influence of the University of Georgia made Athens one of the state's most important cities as the Antebellum Period neared the height of its development. The university essentially created a chain reaction of growth in the community which developed on its doorstep. During
3944-901: The North and South Circular roads and the Inner Ring Road ). Birmingham also has three ring roads which consist of the Birmingham Box ; the A4540 , commonly known as the Middleway; and the A4040 , the Outer Ring Road. Birmingham once had a fourth ring road, the A4400 . This has been partially demolished and downgraded to improve traffic flow into the city. Other British cities have two: Leeds , Sheffield , Norwich and Glasgow . Cleveland, OH and San Antonio, TX , in
4060-697: The SR ;10 Loop interchange at Milledge Avenue and follows Milledge and Prince Avenues to US 129 which it follows to the north. The SR 10 Loop serves as a limited-access perimeter. The city is bisected east to west by Broad Street/Atlanta Highway (US 78 Bus. and SR 10) and north to south by Milledge Avenue (SR 15 Alt.). Lumpkin Street, Prince Avenue (SR 15 Alt.), North Avenue, and Oconee Street (US 78 Bus.) along with Broad Street are major thoroughfares radiating from downtown . College Station Road and Gaines School Road are major thoroughfares on
4176-528: The Twilight Series . One of these races is the Athens Twilight Criterium . In 2010, the average household rent in Athens was $ 962. The national average was $ 1,087. Of the Athens population 25 years of age or older, 39.3% have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The Georgia Museum of Art at the University of Georgia has been, since 1982, the official state art museum. Culture coexists with
4292-488: The United States , also each have two, while Houston, Texas will have three official ring roads (not including the downtown freeway loop). Some cities have far more – Beijing , for example, has six ring roads , simply numbered in increasing order from the city center (though skipping #1), while Moscow has five, three innermost ( Central Squares of Moscow , Boulevard Ring and Garden Ring ) corresponding to
4408-499: The University of Georgia as the first state-supported university . Georgia's control of the area was established following the Oconee War . In 1801, a committee from the university's board of trustees selected a site for the university on a hill above Cedar Shoals, in what was then Jackson County . On July 25, 1801, John Milledge , one of the trustees and later governor of Georgia, bought 633 acres from Daniel Easley and donated it to
4524-532: The White River and 82nd Street east of the river, and on the east side, along Shadeland Avenue. On the city's west side, an alignment corridor paralleling High School Road was preferred, and, on the south side, one between Hanna Avenue and Thompson Road had been proposed. Development along 86th Street made its use unfeasible for I-465, so a 91st Street alignment was initially proposed. This proved to be controversial and caused many delays in final alignment selection for
4640-456: The humid subtropical climate zone, with hot, humid summers and mild to moderately cold winters. Annual rainfall averages 49.7 inches (1,260 mm). Light to moderate sporadic snowfall occasionally can occur in winter. In the spring, sporadic thunderstorms can occasionally become severe, rarely producing tornadoes . The city sits on a series of hills, unique to the Piedmont region . Athens has
4756-651: The 1950s and not yet completed, called the Suburban Beltway. It consists of several roads— Lagimodière Boulevard , Abinojii Mikanah , the Fort Garry Bridge, the Moray Bridge, William R Clement Parkway , Chief Peguis Trail and the Kildonan Bridge . Saskatoon , Saskatchewan, has a ring road named Circle Drive. It is cosigned as Saskatchewan Highway 16 and Saskatchewan Highway 11 along the whole route since
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4872-415: The 2013 opening of Circle Drive South. Regina , Saskatchewan has a partial ring road that is named Ring Road ; however, due to the city's urban growth since the road was originally constructed, it no longer functions as a true ring road and has instead come to be used partially for local arterial traffic. The Regina Bypass , a new partial ring road, has replaced it, although Ring Road must still be used in
4988-623: The Atlanta-based Indigo Girls . The 2020 book Cool Town: How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture describes Athens as the model of the indie culture of the 1980s. In the late 18th century, a trading settlement on the banks of the Oconee River called Cedar Shoals stood where Athens is today. On January 27, 1785, the Georgia General Assembly granted a charter by Abraham Baldwin for
5104-604: The Beltway ", derived metonymically from the Capital Beltway encircling Washington, D.C. Ring roads have been criticised for inducing demand , leading to more car journeys being taken and thus higher levels of pollution being created. By creating easy access by car to large areas of land, they can also act as a catalyst for development, leading to urban sprawl and car-centric planning. Ring roads have also been criticised for splitting communities and being difficult to navigate for pedestrians and cyclists. Most orbital motorways (or beltways) are purpose-built major highways around
5220-464: The Beltway was then redesignated from I-495 to I-95, leaving the I-495 designation only on the western portion, and the completed part of the planned Interstate inside the Beltway was redesignated as a spur, I-395 . A few years later, the resulting confusion from different route numbers on the circumferential Beltway was resolved by restoring I-495 signage for the entire Beltway, with dual signage for I-95 for
5336-802: The Georgia Theatre, the 40 Watt Club, and the Morton Theatre. The first round of inductees included The B-52s , Danger Mouse , Drive-By Truckers, The Elephant 6 Recording Company , Hall Johnson , Neal Pattman , Pylon , R.E.M ., Vic Chesnutt , and Widespread Panic. The Clarke County School District supports grades pre-school to grade twelve. The district consists of fourteen elementary schools, four middle schools, and three high schools (one non-traditional). The district has 791 full-time teachers and 11,457 students as of 2010 . The Athens Banner-Herald publishes daily. UGA has an independent weekly newspaper, The Red & Black . Flagpole Magazine
5452-652: The I-69/Binford interchange southward to Fall Creek. The Keystone Avenue partial cloverleaf interchange was reconfigured to allow free-flowing access for most of the movements between I-465 and Keystone. Although Keystone operates as a controlled-access highway both north of I-465 and up to the first junction south of the Interstate, the movements from westbound I-465 to southbound Keystone and from eastbound I-465 to northbound Keystone are not free-flowing but are left turns controlled by traffic lights. At Allisonville Road,
5568-561: The Interstate southbound at exit 2. All routes that I-465 meets in this direction (clockwise) move the opposite direction (counterclockwise), except US 52 . I-69 leaves the beltway at exit 5 before crossing the White River. Afterwards, at exit 8, SR 67 also exits the loop with Kentucky Avenue. I-465 then meets I-70 at exit 9 near the Indianapolis International Airport . After this interchange,
5684-767: The Interstate then changes direction. Now northbound, US 40 leaves at exit 12, followed by US 36 at exit 13, towards Plainfield and Avon , respectively. I-74 finally leaves the beltway at exit 16, and US 136 ends just past the interchange. At exit 20, I-465 has a directional access interchange with its parent, I-65 . Before the Interstate turns east, at exit 25, I-865 moves west toward I-65 northbound. I-865 eastbound merges into I-465 east, bringing eastbound US 52 with it. As previously mentioned, I-465 then turns east. Moving eastbound, US 421 meets at exit 27. US 421 northbound exits from westbound I-465, and US 421 southbound enters eastbound. US 31 south also enters
5800-800: The Kids Who Rocked Athens, Rodger Lyle Brown described the indie rock scene in Athens. National acts that have come out of Athens include: The Whigs , Reptar , Danger Mouse , Dreams So Real , Nana Grizol , Jucifer , Servotron , Vic Chesnutt , Drive-By Truckers , Elf Power , Neutral Milk Hotel , Lera Lynn , The Sunshine Fix , Colt Ford , Brantley Gilbert , Harvey Milk , The Olivia Tremor Control , of Montreal , Widespread Panic , Perpetual Groove , Five Eight , Dead Confederate , Thayer Sarrano , Jet by Day , Mothers , and Humble Plum . R.E.M. members Michael Stipe , Mike Mills and Peter Buck still maintain residences in Athens. The photo book Athens Potluck , by Jason Thrasher , documents
5916-483: The M25; 188 km), Sydney Orbital Network (110 km) and Rome Orbital (68 km). In the United States many ring roads are called beltlines , beltways or loops , such as the Capital Beltway around Washington, D.C. Some ring roads, such as Washington's Capital Beltway, use "Inner Loop" and "Outer Loop" terminology for directions of travel, since cardinal (compass) directions cannot be signed uniformly around
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#17328512894286032-542: The Pacific during World War II . Signs for this designation have been erected sporadically around the loop, but the highway is still referred to nearly exclusively as "I-465" or simply "465" by most locals. Remaining sections of the I-465 beltway that are still awaiting reconstruction or widening projects include the west leg junction with I-65, the north leg between I-865 and US 31 north/Meridian Street, and several portions along
6148-456: The United States. In many cases, such as Interstate 285 in Atlanta, Georgia , circumferential highways serve as a bypass while other highways pass directly through the city center. In other cases, a primary Interstate highway passes around a city on one side, with a connecting loop Interstate bypassing the city on the other side, together forming a circumferential route, as with I-93 and I-495 in
6264-602: The University of Georgia. Despite the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling in 1954, the Athens–Clarke County school district remained segregated until 1964. According to the United States Census Bureau , the balance has a total area of 118.2 square miles (306.1 km ), of which 117.8 square miles (305.1 km ) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km ) (0.41%) is water. Athens lies within
6380-581: The area of Lawrence, Massachusetts . However, if a primary Interstate passes through a city and a loop bypasses it on only one side (as in the Wilmington, Delaware , area), no fully circumferential route is provided. Within cities, ring roads sometimes have local nicknames; these include Washington DC's Interstate 495 (The "Capital Beltway"), Interstate 270 in Columbus, Ohio (The "Outerbelt"), and Interstate 285 in Atlanta (The "Perimeter"). Route numbering
6496-480: The beltway at exit 31. After passing former SR 431 (Keystone Parkway) at exit 33, I-69 southbound enters I-465 in this direction at exit 37. Afterwards, I-465 turns southward. After the directional change, the Interstate meets Shadeland Avenue, former SR 100 , at exit 40. At exit 42, westbound US 36 and southbound SR 67 reenter the beltway. I-70 once again meets I-465 at exit 44. At exit 46, US 40 west reenters
6612-436: The beltway, while US 52 leaves at exit 47. US 421 leaves at exit 49, and I-74 west enters the loop at the same exit. Along with this, I-465 completes its final directional change westbound. Now moving westbound again, I-465 only has one more interchange (exit 52) before meeting I-65 once again at exit 53, and exit numbers then reset. All U.S. and state highways that formerly were routed through
6728-602: The centennial in 1901, Athens had experienced a century of development and growth. A new city hall was completed in 1904. An African-American middle class and the professional class grew around the corner of Washington and Hull Streets, known as the "Hot Corner", where the Morton Building was constructed in 1910. The theater at the Morton Building hosted movies and performances by black musicians such as Louis Armstrong , Cab Calloway , and Duke Ellington . In 1907, aviation pioneer Ben T. Epps became Georgia's first pilot on
6844-579: The central part of Indianapolis are now routed concurrently with I-465. Only I-65 and I-70 run through Downtown Indianapolis . Non- Interstate Highway route markers are not posted along I-465 itself; rather, signs on the entrance ramps direct traffic traveling a particular route to follow I-465 to a specific exit to continue on that route. Despite being unsigned, an approximately one-mile (1.6 km) section between exits 46 and 47 carries eight designations: I-465, I-69, US 31, US 36, US 40, US 52, US 421, and SR 67, tied with
6960-632: The city and the surrounding area and acquire an existing 400,000-square-foot facility. Independent publisher Hill Street Press is headquartered here. Authors with previous, or current, residence in the city include Pulitzer Prize winners Deborah Blum and Edward Larson , as well as Judith Ortiz Cofer , Reginald McKnight , Coleman Barks , and Jon Jefferson . Athens' music industry has also continued to grow as Tweed Recording acquired an 11,000-square-foot facility in downtown Athens to house their new recording studio, academy, and community space. Each spring, there are bicycle races collectively known as
7076-749: The city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them. The name "ring road" is used for the majority of metropolitan circumferential routes in Europe, such as the Berliner Ring , the Brussels Ring , the Amsterdam Ring , the Boulevard Périphérique around Paris and the Leeds Inner and Outer ring roads. Australia , Pakistan and India also use
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#17328512894287192-467: The city of Calgary , Alberta, for an entire length of 101-kilometre (63 mi). Winnipeg , Manitoba, has a ring road which is called the Perimeter Highway . It is designated as Manitoba Highway 101 on the north, northwest and east sides and as Manitoba Highway 100 on the south and southwest sides. The majority of it is a four-lane divided expressway . It has a second ring road, planned since
7308-468: The city was 64.71% White , 27.37% Black or African American , 0.21% Native American , 3.15% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 3.11% from other races , and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.39% of the population. The large population increase from 1990 to 2000 reflects the city's expanded boundaries that came with the consolidation of Athens and Clarke County, and not merely an influx of new residents. Since that time
7424-559: The city's rapid growth after the Civil War. After serving as mayor, he worked in the railroad industry and helped bring railroads to the region, creating growth in many of the surrounding communities. Freed slaves moved to the city, where many were attracted by the new centers for education such as the Freedmen's Bureau . This new population was served by three black newspapers: the Athens Blade ,
7540-465: The completion of the I-465 beltway around Indianapolis. The first of the major post-completion rebuild and expansion projects occurred from 1999 to 2002, when the heavily traveled northern section of the east leg was modernized and expanded to as many as 13 lanes in one short portion. Concurrently, the east junction with I-70 was rebuilt and reconfigured. In 2000, the Emerson Avenue interchange on
7656-595: The concentric lines of fortifications around the ancient city, and the two outermost ( MKAD and Third Ring ) built in the twentieth century, though, confusingly, the Third Ring was built last. Geographical constraints can complicate the construction of a complete ring road. For example, the Baltimore Beltway in Maryland formerly crossed Baltimore Harbor on a high arch bridge prior to its collapse in 2024, and much of
7772-485: The consolidated city-county (all of Clarke County except Winterville and a portion of Bogart ) was 128,711. Athens is the sixth-most populous city in Georgia, and the principal city of the Athens metropolitan area , which had a 2020 population of 215,415, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Metropolitan Athens is a component of the larger Atlanta–Athens–Clarke County–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area . The city
7888-401: The downtown core. It is a freeway for its entire 78-kilometre (48 mi) length, and was built to reduce inner-city traffic congestion, created a bypass of Yellowhead Trail, and has improved the movement of goods and services across Edmonton and the surrounding areas. It was completed in October 2016 as the first free-flowing orbital road in Canada. Stoney Trail is a ring road that circles
8004-613: The early 1970s and later during the 1980s with the Georgia Theatre and 40 Watt Club as the aforementioned bands scored breakout hits. Other notable bands were Widespread Panic , Dreams So Real , Indigo Girls , Vigilantes of Love , Matthew Sweet , The Method Actors , Love Tractor , Pylon , Flat Duo Jets , The Primates , Modern Skirts , The Whigs , Squalls , Drive-by Truckers , Futurebirds , Bloodkin , Randall Bramblett , Vic Chesnutt , Tishamingo , Bubba Sparxxx , Dead Confederate , Corey Smith , and Humble Plum . In his insider book, Party Out of Bounds: The B-52's, R.E.M., and
8120-484: The east side of Athens, along with US 78 east (Lexington Road). On the west side, most major thoroughfares intersect US 78 Bus. (Broad Street/Atlanta Highway), including Alps Road/Hawthorne Avenue, Epps Bridge Parkway, and Timothy Road/Mitchell Bridge Road. Athens-Ben Epps Airport (FAA code AHN) has been operational since 1917. It is east of downtown outside Georgia State Route 10 Loop and north of US Route 78 . AHN qualifies for air service to be provided under
8236-421: The entire loop. The term 'ring road' is occasionally – and inaccurately – used interchangeably with the term ' bypass '. Bypasses around many large and small towns were built in many areas when many old roads were converted to four-lane status in the 1930s to 1950s, such as those along the Old National Road (now generally U.S. 40 or Interstate 70 ) in the United States, leaving the old road in place to serve
8352-413: The entire northeastern portion of I-465. All three interchanges along the freeway in this stretch—Keystone Avenue (exit 33), Allisonville Road (exit 35) and I-69/Binford Boulevard (exit 37)—were to be modified and rebuilt. As this project progressed, financial constraints prompted INDOT to scale back its scope. The reconstruction of I-465 between the White River bridge and Fall Creek, including
8468-643: The highway's concurrent use as a through Interstate on its eastern portion. The longest complete beltway in the United States is the Charles W. Anderson Loop , a 94-mile (151 km) loop in Texas that forms a complete loop around the Greater San Antonio area. The longest complete belt road, or a beltway that is only two lanes, in the United States is Hawaii Belt Road , a 260-mile (420 km) belt in Hawaii that forms
8584-562: The interchange was converted into a more efficient SPUI configuration. Finally, though the interchange itself was not rebuilt, the I-69/Binford Boulevard junction had two ramps slightly modified to facilitate better traffic flow. As part of the major project to upgrade 13 miles (21 km) of US 31 in Hamilton County to a full Interstate-standard freeway, the I-465 north leg interchange at Meridian Street (exit 31)
8700-417: The interchange with I-69, began in 2022 under a separate project announced in 2015 and formally relaunched as "Clear Path 465" in 2017. The original, scaled-back project concluded by the end of 2012. The beltway's mainline was reconstructed with additional travel and auxiliary lanes being added in two separate segments—from east of Meridian Street to Allisonville Road and from a point at the southeast end of
8816-414: The interstate's completion. On August 6 and 9, 2024, the interchange between I-69 and I-465 on the southwest side of Indianapolis (exit 5) officially opened to traffic, with I-69 running concurrently with I-465 on the southeast half of the beltway between exits 5 and 37. With the portion between exits 5 and 49 also including part of the existing concurrency of I-465 and I-74, this created another instance of
8932-495: The junction with I-465's south leg, which would also be modified. To reduce congestion at and near that interchange, the loop ramp from westbound I-465 to southbound I-65 was replaced by a flyover ramp. The eastbound I-465 exit to southbound I-65 was also expanded for smoother merging with the new west-to-south flyover. In addition, grade separations over I-465 were replaced on Sherman Drive and Carson Avenue to allow for longer and wider approaches to this busy junction. Most of this work
9048-528: The long-proposed Outer Beltway around Washington, D.C., where options for a new western Potomac River crossing are limited by a nearly continuous corridor of heavily visited scenic, natural, and historical landscapes in the Potomac River Gorge and adjacent areas. When referring to a road encircling a capital city, the term "beltway" can also have a political connotation, as in the American term " Inside
9164-519: The loop (now signed as I-865 ). State highway officials concentrated on building the west and south legs of I-465 early in the overall project, since they were the missing portions of the SR ;100 concept. Construction began in 1959, and the first section of the I-465 beltway to be completed was the portion on the west leg between I-65 near Eagle Creek Park and I-74/ US 136 in Speedway . That section
9280-474: The next to be completed, with three opening in the second half of 1963 and two more on October 15, 1964. This completed both the south leg and the first segment of the east leg and included a connection from a point just north of the Raymond Street grade separation to SR 100 (Shadeland Avenue) at Washington Street ( US 40 ). With these sections open, the full length of I-74's concurrency over I-465
9396-458: The north leg of I-465 began to take shape in the late 1960s. The section between US 421 (Michigan Road) and US 31 (Meridian Street) was the first on this side of town to see traffic on October 20, 1968. A year to the day later, the segment from US 31 to Keystone Avenue (then SR 431 ) was opened to motorists. The next month, in November ;1969, the north extension of
9512-520: The north leg, postponing its construction by several years. The I-465 beltway was constructed in segments. There were 16 segments along the original proposed semicircumferential alignment between I-65 in Boone County at exit 129 and that same highway six miles (9.7 km) to the south at exit 123 in Marion County . Indiana highway officials recognized the value of having the route be
9628-683: The northeast quadrant of the city. Hamilton , Ontario, has the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway , Highway 403 and the Red Hill Valley Parkway which form a ring on three sides. Sudbury , Ontario, has a partial ring road consisting of the Southwest and Southeast Bypasses segment of Highway 17 , and the Northwest Bypass segment of Highway 144 . An unofficial northeast "bypass" route can also be completed on city arterial roads that largely bypass
9744-413: The opening of the next segment over three years. In January 1968, two sections of the east leg, between US 36 / SR 67 (Pendleton Pike) and the SR 100 junction near Raymond Street, were completed and opened a day apart. This allowed through traffic from both US 36 and SR 67 to bypass the increasingly congested SR 100. The interchange with I-70 in this newly opened section
9860-493: The original west leg of the loop between July 2007 and December 2012. This project completely rebuilt and added new travel lanes, added auxiliary lanes, rebuilt many grade separations, and reconfigured nearly all of the interchanges along I-465 from just north of the Kentucky Avenue (SR 67 south) interchange to the 56th Street partial interchange. The junction with I-74 and Crawfordsville Road ( US 136 west)
9976-522: The parent road, later reconnecting with the same highway. Such loops not only function as a bypass for through traffic, but also to serve outlying suburbs . In the United States, an Interstate highway loop is usually designated by a three-digit number beginning with an even digit before the two-digit number of its parent interstate. Interstate spurs, on the other hand, generally have three-digit numbers beginning with an odd digit. Circumferential highways are prominent features in or near many large cities in
10092-678: The partially completed Stockholm Ring Road in Sweden runs through tunnels or over long bridges. Some towns or cities on sea coasts or near rugged mountains cannot have a full ring road. Examples of such partial ring roads are Dublin's ring road ; and, in the USA, Interstate 287 , mostly in New Jersey (bypassing New York City), and Interstate 495 around Boston , none of which completely circles these seaport cities. In other cases, adjacent international boundaries may prevent ring road completion. Construction of
10208-431: The population has increased an average of 12.7% every ten years. There were 39,239 households, of which 22.3% had children under 18 living with them, 32.3% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.7% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
10324-468: The ring road. One of the most renowned ring roads is the Vienna Ring Road ( Ringstraße ), a grand boulevard constructed in the mid-19th century and filled with representative buildings. Due to its unique architectural beauty and history, it has also been called the "Lord of the ring roads", and is declared by UNESCO as part of Vienna's World Heritage Site . Major European cities that are served by
10440-506: The second unified government in Georgia and the 28th nationwide. The Athens-Clarke County Police Department (ACCPD) was formed by the merger of the law enforcement agencies of the City of Athens and Clarke County. As of October 2022 , Jerry Saulters was sworn in as the new Chief of Police. ACCPD is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) and was named
10556-424: The south leg was converted from a conventional diamond to a single-point urban interchange (SPUI), becoming the first SPUI on the I-465 beltway. Between 2004 and 2005, the north extension of I-465's west leg between I-65 and I-865 was rebuilt to widen and update the freeway in this heavily traveled section located along the western edge of the massive Park 100 commercial and industrial development. This segment
10672-429: The south leg. Beltway A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline , beltway , circumferential ( high ) way , loop or orbital ) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in
10788-624: The southern side of both 86th and 71st streets, which included grade separations with the east-to-south ramps at both interchanges. In April 2002, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) announced the redesignation of the dogleg portion of I-465 as I-865 . This change eliminated the three-way intersection of I-465 where the north extension of the west leg met the original north leg (at exit 25). INDOT completed an $ 800-million (equivalent to $ 1.05 billion in 2023) project called Accelerate 465 to refurbish and reconfigure
10904-480: The state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution , is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. In 1991, after a vote the preceding year, the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government with Clarke County , referred to jointly as Athens–Clarke County where it is the county seat . As of 2021, the Athens-Clarke County's official website's population of
11020-516: The term ring road, as in Melbourne 's Western Ring Road , Lahore 's Lahore Ring Road and Hyderabad 's Outer Ring Road . In Canada the term is the most commonly used, with "orbital" also used, but to a much lesser extent. In Europe and Australia, some ring roads, particularly longer ones of motorway standard, are known as "orbital motorways". Examples are the London Orbital (generally known as
11136-470: The time of the gag on his show, Letterman had offered $ 10 million (equivalent to $ 16.2 million in 2023) for the honor, later offering just to pay to change the signs. In 2011 the Indiana General Assembly passed a resolution officially designating I-465 as "USS Indianapolis Memorial Highway" in "the memory of the brave sailors who lost their lives" when USS Indianapolis was sunk in
11252-626: The town or city, but allowing through travelers to continue on a wider, faster and safer route. Construction of fully circumferential ring roads has generally occurred more recently, beginning in the 1960s in many areas, when the U.S. Interstate Highway System and similar-quality roads elsewhere were designed. Ring roads have now been built around numerous cities and metropolitan areas, including cities with multiple ring roads, irregularly shaped ring roads and ring roads made up of various other long-distance roads. London has three ring roads (the M25 motorway ,
11368-488: The town's musical legacy. Every summer since 1996 the city has hosted AthFest, a nonprofit music and arts festival in the downtown area. In September 2020, the city launched the Athens Music Walk of Fame. The public art walk spans a two-city blocks loop around West Washington and Clayton Streets connected by North Lumpkin Street. Guitar pick plaques were laid on the sidewalk in front of significant music venues like
11484-566: The university in 1804, Athens consisted of three homes, three stores, and a few other buildings facing Front Street, now known as Broad Street. Completed in 1806 and named in honor of Benjamin Franklin , Franklin College was the first permanent structure of the University of Georgia and the city of Athens. This brick building is now known as Old College. Athens officially became a town in December 1806 with
11600-522: The university students in creating an art scene, music scene, and intellectual environment. The city has music venues, restaurants, bars, and coffee shops that cater to its creative climate. The music of Athens, Georgia, includes a wide variety of popular music and was an important part of the early evolution of alternative rock and new wave . The city is well known as the home of chart-topping bands like R.E.M. and The B-52s , and several long-time indie rock hip-hop groups. The Athens music scene grew in
11716-525: The university. Milledge named the surrounding area Athens after the city that was home to the Platonic Academy of Plato and Aristotle in Classical Greece . The first buildings on the University of Georgia campus were made from logs . The town grew as lots adjacent to the college were sold to raise money for the additional construction of the school. By the time the first class graduated from
11832-472: The urban core of the city, but are not fully controlled-access and must be shared with local traffic in the Nickel Centre and Rayside-Balfour districts of the city. Most major cities in Europe are served by a ring road that circles either the inner core of their metropolitan areas or the outer borders of the city proper or both. In major transit hubs, such as the Île-de-France region surrounding Paris and
11948-499: The west leg was completed and signed as I-465 (although it was considered to be "added mileage" by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) since it was built to Interstate standards using non-Interstate funds by Indiana), but only the portion between I-65 and 86th Street was opened to traffic because the segment of the north leg to which it would connect was not yet complete. That occurred on August 18, 1970, when
12064-546: The western end of the north leg between I-65 near Royalton and Michigan Road (US 421) was finished and opened to traffic. At that time, the final connection on the north extension of the west leg to 86th Street was also opened, leaving only one remaining gap in the entire I-465 route. The final section of I-465 to be built was the portion joining the north and east legs between Keystone Avenue (then SR 431) and 56th Street at Shadeland Avenue (then SR 100). This stretch opened to traffic on October 5, 1970, and marked
12180-437: Was $ 28,118, and the median income for a family was $ 41,407. Males had a median income of $ 30,359 versus $ 23,039 for females. The per capita income for the balance was $ 17,103. About 15.0% of families and 28.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over. In 1990, the City of Athens and Clarke County voters voted to unify their governments, becoming only
12296-401: Was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, 17.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 31.6% was from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 15.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the city
12412-494: Was added at exit 21 which bridges over 71st Street to directly deposit motorists onto eastbound 73rd Street. On the mainline, dual auxiliary lanes were added in each travel direction between these interchanges and the 79th Street grade separation over I-465 was demolished and rebuilt to allow for the widened freeway below. Distinctive decorative features were also incorporated into most of the grade separation structures within this project. Also, bicycle paths were established along
12528-434: Was completed in late 2014. In 2022, construction began on Clear Path 465, a project involving widening I-465 between the White River and Fall Creek, as well as rebuilding the interchange of I-465 and I-69 in the northeast region of Indianapolis. As part of this project, the interchange will be reconfigured to provide a direct movement for traffic on I-69 to continue onto I-465 southbound, which will be concurrent with I-69 upon
12644-561: Was filmed in Athens. The movie Darius Goes West was shot in Athens. In 2000, the fictional Ithaca University scenes in Road Trip were filmed on the North Campus of the University of Georgia. In 2012, Trouble with the Curve was partially filmed at The Globe in downtown Athens. In the same year, The Spectacular Now was filmed entirely in Athens and the surrounding area. The city
12760-552: Was held. Though he refused to confess, he was tied to a stake and burned to death. The lynching received widespread attention. During World War II , the U.S. Navy built new buildings and paved runways to serve as a training facility for naval pilots. In 1954, the U.S. Navy chose Athens as the site for the Navy Supply Corps school. The school was in Normaltown in the buildings of the old Normal School . It closed in 2011 under
12876-442: Was not yet complete, and its ramps did not open until the opening of that route's mainline between SR 100/Shadeland Avenue and SR 9 near Greenfield on December 2 of that year. On October 23, 1968, the section of I-465 between Pendleton Pike and 56th Street at Shadeland Avenue was finished and opened to traffic, completing the east leg's eastern bypass of SR 100. With its alignment controversies now settled,
12992-478: Was now available for motorists. The south leg's junction with I-65 was also completed, but I-65 itself was open only between a temporary intersection at Thompson Road to the south and the Keystone Avenue interchange 1.18 miles (1.90 km) north of I-465 until early 1971. With SR 100/Shadeland Avenue connected to the full southern and western bypass of Indianapolis, work on I-465's east leg slowed, delaying
13108-499: Was opened to traffic on September 26, 1961, simultaneously with the adjacent section of I-65 northwest from there running 1.48 miles (2.38 km) to 71st Street. By July 18, 1962, all four segments of the original west leg were open between SR 67 (Kentucky Avenue) and I-65, but the interchange with I-70 in that stretch was not completed until much later that decade when the segment of that route from I-465 west to SR 43 opened in 1968. The south side sections were
13224-469: Was rapidly becoming functionally obsolete due to continued growth of that complex as well as that of other nearby residential and commercial projects in Pike Township . Both interchanges along this stretch, 71st Street (exit 21) and 86th Street (exit 23), were totally rebuilt while remaining open to traffic and had loop ramps added for west-to-south movements. In addition, a new northbound exit ramp
13340-471: Was reconfigured between October 2013 and December 2015 (with some additional work continuing until November 22, 2016) to the present partial directional (system interchange) design which allows for free-flow movements to or from the new US 31 freeway to the north. As part of its Operation Indy Commute project, INDOT began work in 2013 to widen I-65 on both its northbound and southbound mainlines from exit 103 at Southport Road northward to
13456-462: Was reconfigured to allow direct access between I-465 and US 136 for the first time. Interlaced into that design is a full directional connection for I-74, which replaced the former cloverleaf interchange and removed its original stub connector east of I-465 to the intersection of Crawfordsville Road and High School Road in Speedway. Also in 2007, another undertaking was launched by INDOT to modernize
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