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52-506: Dagomys adjoins Bocharov Ruchey , a dacha built for Kliment Voroshilov in the 1950s, but later upgraded into a country residence of the President of Russia, where he normally spends his vacations and confers with leaders of other states. The name of microdistrict came from the indigenous and the first dwellers of the area the Circassians or Adyghe they preferred to call their selves. In

104-504: A humid subtropical climate , Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games. Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke-free during the Games. It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting winter games. The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in

156-651: A fifth of that budget ($ 10.8 billion) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all-year round sea and alpine resort. The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroy's $ 49.5 billion budget. Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs (including for security) could have added another $ 3 billion. With an average February temperature of 8.3 °C (46.9 °F) and

208-549: A line of cafes, shops and restaurants. There are also a tea farm, a tea factory and an Orthodox church. This 27-storey recreational complex is the most prominent building of Dagomys raised in 1982. It then belonged to the Intourist travel agency and thus was restricted to foreign visitors. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the complex became nearly empty. Since 1994, Dagomys has been administered by an office of

260-429: A small settlement which later became the modern Dagomys. Only about 300 people lived there in the early 20th century. This royal settlement was managed by Prince Uspensky. The farm was profitable as it was selling part of its production at the market of Sochi, and the citizens considered it an honor to buy Emperor's products; a small part was also delivered to the emperor himself. Some settlers attempted to grow tea, which

312-528: Is also reported to have used the residence to celebrate the birthday of his rumoured partner Alina Kabayeva , and was reported to have stayed inside during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic . In 2024, the Russian independent investigative outlet Proekt reported that the residence's main building had been demolished and replaced by a construction project in the beginning of the year, and that Putin had stopped visiting

364-598: Is located between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana connecting the Olympic Park, Sochi International Airport , and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana. The existing 102 km (63-mile), Tuapse-to-Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009, Russian Railways ordered 38 Siemens Mobility Desiro trains for delivery in 2013 for use during

416-475: Is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes: Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin stated the road construction costed more than 200 billion rubles. In addition, Sochi's railway stations were renovated. These are Dagomys , Sochi , Matsesta , Khosta , Lazarevskaya , and Loo railway stations. In Adler, a new railway station was built while the original building

468-547: The 2018 FIFA World Cup . A new ice hockey team in the Kontinental Hockey League , HC Sochi Leopards , now plays in Bolshoy Arena. The Olympic infrastructure was constructed according to a Federal Target Program (FTP). In June 2009, the Games' organizers reported they were one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games. In November 2011, IOC President Jacques Rogge

520-524: The Imeretinsky Valley , about 4 km (2.5 miles) from Russia's border with Abkhazia / Georgia . The venues were clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. It also features "The Waters of the Olympic Park" (designed by California -based company WET ), a choreographed fountain which served as the backdrop in

572-649: The Olympic flag during the opening ceremony, as India was originally suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the Indian Olympic Association . On 11 February, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward. Although Shiva Keshavan competed as an Independent athlete and is recorded as such, he

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624-690: The 14th-17th centuries, the area was dominated by one of the Adyghe tribes; the Shapsugs , and was a village within historical Circassia . After the end of Caucasian War and as a result of the Russian invasion over Circassia (during the period of 1817–1864) the Shapsugs who lived in the area were either killed in the Circassian Genocide or expelled to the Ottoman Empire (see Muhajir ). Russian settlements in

676-557: The 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 7 February 2014 at Fisht Olympic Stadium , an indoor arena built specifically for the ceremonies. The ceremony featured scenes based around aspects of Russian history and arts, including ballet , classical music , the Russian Revolution , and the age of the Soviet Union . The opening scene of the ceremony featured a notable technical error, where one of five snowflakes, which were to expand to form

728-500: The 38th Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs led by Andrei Sakharov . Dagomys is located between Sochi and Loo, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the center of Sochi. It was noticed long ago that the summers are colder here than in other coastal areas, because of the air currents from the nearby mountains. So the word "Dagomys" is literally translated from Adyghe language as a cool, shady place. Present Dagomys has continuous stretch of pebble-covered beaches, accompanied by

780-416: The Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on

832-453: The Olympic rings, malfunctioned and did not expand (a mishap mocked by the organizers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolizing the Olympic rings "failed" to expand). The torch was taken into the stadium by Maria Sharapova , who then passed it to Yelena Isinbayeva who, in turn, passed it to wrestler Aleksandr Karelin . Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast Alina Kabaeva . Figure skater Irina Rodnina took

884-599: The Olympics, with an option for a further 16 partly built in Russia. At Sochi International Airport , a new terminal was built along a 3.5 km (2.2-mile) runway extension, overlapping the Mzymta River . At the Port of Sochi , a new offshore terminal 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers. The cargo terminal of

936-596: The Olympics. In November 2013, it was reported that the fiber-optic cable that was built by the Federal Communications Agency , Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center for Monitoring & Development of Infocommunication Technologies (Russian: Центр МИР ИТ ). Russian mobile phone operator Megafon expanded and improved Sochi's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G/3G/4G cell towers. Sochi

988-766: The President of the Russian Federation, and the complex is privately owned. For several years, it was the subject of property disputes, which ended by construction of a metal fence dividing the territories of the disputants. The complex can accommodate up to two thousand guests and up to ten parallel events, and has a staff of 1600. It is being expanded in preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics . 43°39′23″N 39°39′06″E  /  43.65639°N 39.65167°E  / 43.65639; 39.65167 Bocharov Ruchey 43°37′0″N 39°42′10″E  /  43.61667°N 39.70278°E  / 43.61667; 39.70278 Bocharov Ruchey ( Russian : Бочаров Ручей )

1040-467: The area began with a military outpost, which later grew into several villages. Those villages were first populated by the retired soldiers and thus carried the names of the corresponding military units, such as 1st regiment, 2nd regiment, and so forth. The soldiers were then joined by migrants from all over Russia, as well as by Armenians escaping from the Turkish repressions. Armenians built separate villages in

1092-456: The cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea . The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks – 367 km (228 mi) of roads were paved. The Sochi Light Metro

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1144-423: The coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics. While originally budgeted at US$ 12 billion, major cost overruns caused this figure to expand to US$ 51 billion, more than three times

1196-662: The cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated cost of US$ 44 billion for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1 billion people worldwide. In 2016, an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a state-sponsored doping program , active from at least late 2011 through August 2015. The program

1248-489: The day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014. It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a 60,000-kilometre (40,000-mile) route that passes through all regions of the country, from Kaliningrad in the west to Chukotka in the east. The Olympic torch reached the North Pole for first time via a nuclear-powered icebreaker ( 50 Let Pobedy ) . The torch was also passed for the first time in space , though not lit for

1300-622: The duration of the flight for safety reasons, on flight Soyuz TMA-11M to the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic-themed livery including the Games' emblem. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazansky waved the torch on a spacewalk outside the ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board Soyuz TMA-09M . The torch also reached Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus , and Siberia's Lake Baikal . The opening ceremony of

1352-537: The estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which hosted 3 times as many events. Dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi. In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy—the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development—reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles (US$ 49.5 billion). However, only about

1404-489: The estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$ 51 billion. This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over four times the initial budget of $ 12 billion (compared to the $ 8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding

1456-682: The first time ever, all of the current members of the European Olympic Committees participated at the Winter Olympics. Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for Puerto Rico , but the island's Olympic Committee once again chose not to send her to compete. Similarly, South Africa decided not to send alpine skier Sive Speelman to Sochi. Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, Mehdi-Selim Khelifi . India 's athletes originally competed as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under

1508-647: The host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state and former Warsaw Pact state after the Revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1980 . A record ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during

1560-529: The largest Winter Olympics to date. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline. On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games. The events included a Figure skating team event, Women's ski jumping, Mixed relay biathlon, Ski half-pipe , and Team relay luge. On 4 July 2011,

1612-523: The main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of Estosadok . In addition to standard services, customers had access to unique services including two new products, Fotomarka and Retropismo. Fotomarka presents an opportunity to get a stylised sheet of eight souvenir stamps with one's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service allows a customer to write with their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All

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1664-612: The medals awards and the opening and closing ceremonies of the event. The new venues include: A street circuit known as the Sochi Autodrom was constructed in and around Olympic Park. Its primary use is to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix , which held its inaugural edition in October 2014. In January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open-air football stadium to host matches during

1716-471: The mountains near Dagomys and named them Nor Luys, Lower Armenian Hobzu, Upper-Armenian Loo, etc. The most valuable land near the sea was purchased by the government officials, ministers, prominent landowners and bankers. A plot of 2,500 hectares and a cattle-breeding farm at the mouth of the river Dagomys was owned by the family of the Emperor Nicholas II of Russia . The associated peasants lived in

1768-457: The new sites and post offices in Sochi were opened during the Olympics until late night 7 days a week, and employees were trained to speak English. On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in Ancient Olympia , beginning a seven-day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the torch relay started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on

1820-431: The newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of Adler . Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region. The fiber-optic channel links Sochi between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana. The 46-kilometre-long (29 mi) channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from

1872-591: The power supply of the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry of Regional Development , the Russian Ministry of Energy , the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration. According to

1924-458: The seaport would be moved from the centre of Sochi. Roadways were detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off. In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No. 1 (the final total is six) on the combined road (automobile and railway) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No. 1

1976-412: The strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network would increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing a stable power supply during and after the Games. The power demand of Sochi at the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340 MW. Earlier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations near

2028-455: The systems, and worked with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games. The 2014 Olympics is the first "fabric-enabled" Games using Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) technology. The network is capable of handling up to 54 Tbit/s of traffic. Infrastructure built for the games included: During the Games, the core networks of Rostelecom and Transtelekom were used. In January 2012,

2080-544: The tea bushes planted by his hands. In 1930, an intensive development of resorts was started in Sochi, and thus a furniture factory was built in Dagomys. There were also two tourist camps and several small sanatoriums. Prominent buildings appeared there only in the 1970s when the Yugoslav firm "Mavrovo" raised two hotels, "Dagomys" and "Olympic". These hotels soon became a popular tourist destination and location of conferences, such as

2132-658: The torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak , who exited the stadium to jointly light the Olympic cauldron located near the center of Olympic Park. A record 88 nations qualified to compete, which beat the previous record of 82 set at the previous Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in parentheses). Seven nations made their Winter Olympics debut: Dominica , Malta , Paraguay , Timor-Leste , Togo , Tonga , and Zimbabwe . The Winter debut of Malta meant that for

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2184-482: The venue since March 2024 due to concerns over a possible drone attack by Ukraine. 2014 Winter Olympics The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , romanized :  XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 ( Russian : Сочи 2014 ), were an international winter multi-sport event that

2236-532: Was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the cover-up . The IOC stripped thirteen medals from Russian athletes in 2017, but nine were reinstated by the Court of Arbitration for Sport . In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee , with an option for whitelisted athletes to compete independently during the 2018 Winter Olympics . Sochi

2288-462: Was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) session held in Guatemala City , Guatemala , defeating bids from Salzburg , Austria ; and Pyeongchang , South Korea. This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow. As of October 2013,

2340-593: Was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach . Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as

2392-657: Was in Sochi and concluded that the city had made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier. According to the FTP, US$ 580 million would be spent on construction and modernization of telecommunications in the region. Avaya was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provided the data network equipment, including switches , routers , security, telephones and contact-center systems . It provided engineers and technicians to design and test

2444-477: Was permitted to walk under the flag of India at the Closing Ceremony. During the Games some countries had a national house, a meeting place for supporters, athletes and other followers. Houses could be either free for visitors to access or have limited access by invitation only. The 2014 Winter Olympics featured 98 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports. A total of twelve new events were contested, making it

2496-800: Was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the Olympic Park railway station . Another new railway station was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana. Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests. The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny ( Stellar ), was rebuilt anew. Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including tertiary treatment with microfiltration . Six post offices were opened at competition venues, two of them in

2548-585: Was the first Games to offer 4G connectivity at a speed of 10 MB/sec. In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media center in Sochi to the Internet and organized channels of communication with the main media center of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press center in Moscow. The media center was built at total cost of 17 million rubles. A five-year strategy for increasing

2600-647: Was the summer residence of the President of Russia . It was located in the Tsentralny City District of Sochi , Russia. The Bocharov Ruchey residence was commissioned by the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs , Kliment Voroshilov , and completed in 1955. Miron Merzhanov was the project architect, while Sergei Venchagov was the landscape designer. The venue was used by President Vladimir Putin to host US President George W. Bush in 2008. Putin

2652-571: Was then an expensive, yet the most popular non-alcoholic beverage in Russia. The early attempts in the 1870s and 1880s failed because of the cold climate, and the first success was achieved in the early 1900s by the Ukrainian peasant Judas Antonovich Koshman (1838–1935). Koshman previously worked for a tea factory in Adjara , a place south to Sochi on the Black Sea coast. That tea was known in Russia but its taste

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2704-518: Was unpopular. In 1901, Koshman brought seeds of tea plants from Adjara to Solokhaul – a village near Dagomys – and developed a brand which was not only resistant to cold but also had a rich taste. The first successful plantation is dated to 1905. This new tea later became the distinct brand of Krasnodarsky Tea, which is the most prominent Russia-grown tea and is one of the northernmost teas in the world. The house of Koshman still stands in Solokhaul along with

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