An oblast ( / ˈ ɒ b l æ s t / or / ˈ ɒ b l ɑː s t / ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states , including Belarus , Russia and Ukraine . Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union . The term oblast is often translated into English as 'region' or 'province'. In some countries, oblasts are also known by cognates of the Russian term.
22-693: The Dagestan Oblast was a province ( oblast ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire . It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation . The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate , bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to
44-562: A Utopia, the Utopia of the electricians. He is throwing all his weight into a scheme for the development of great power stations in Russia to serve whole provinces with light, with transport, and industrial power. Two experimental districts he said had already been electrified. Can one imagine a more courageous project in a vast flat land of forests and illiterate peasants, with no water power, with no technical skill available, and with trade and industry at
66-598: A few exceptions, Soviet oblasts were named after their administrative centers. In 1922, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was divided into 33 administrative divisions also called oblasts . In 1929, oblasts were replaced with larger administrative units known as banovinas . During the Yugoslav Wars , several Serb Autonomous Oblasts were formed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . These oblasts were later merged into
88-474: A major restructuring of the Soviet economy based on total electrification of the country. Lenin's stated goal for it was "...the organization of industry on the basis of modern, advanced technology, on electrification which will provide a link between town and country, will put an end to the division between town and country, will make it possible to raise the level of culture in the countryside and to overcome, even in
110-486: A population of 571,154 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 283,279 men and 287,875 women. The plurality of the population indicated Avar-Andean to be their mother tongue, with significant Dargin , Kyurin , Kazi-Kumukh , Kumyk , and Tatar speaking minorities. Linguistic composition of uezds in the Dagestan Oblast in 1897 According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar ,
132-412: Is borrowed from Russian область ( pronounced [ˈobɫəsʲtʲ] ), where it is inherited from Old East Slavic , in turn borrowed from Church Slavonic область oblastĭ 'power, empire', formed from the prefix oб- (cognate with Classical Latin ob 'towards, against' and Ancient Greek ἐπί/ἔπι epi 'in power, in charge') and the stem власть vlastǐ 'power, rule'. In Old East Slavic, it
154-725: The Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية ). GOELRO plan GOELRO (Russian: ГОЭЛРО ) was the first of Soviet Russia 's plans for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan . GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ( Russian : Государственная комиссия по электрификации России , romanized : Gosudarstvennaya komissiya po elektrifikatsii Rossii ). The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin . Lenin's belief in
176-589: The GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov , as director of the Regionalisation Committee of Gosplan , divided the Soviet Union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The names of oblasts did not usually correspond to the names of the respective historical regions, as they were created as purely administrative units. With
198-594: The Republic of Serbian Krajina and the Republika Srpska . Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 oblasts, usually translated as "provinces". Before, the country was divided into just nine units, also called oblasts. Oblasts are further subdivided into raions ( districts ), ranging in number from 3 to 10 per entity. Viloyat and welaýat are derived from the Turkish language term vilayet , itself derived from
220-515: The Dagestan oblast had a population of 713,342 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents: 42°49′00″N 47°07′00″E / 42.8167°N 47.1167°E / 42.8167; 47.1167 This Russian location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Oblast The term oblast
242-619: The Plan, the territory of the Russian SFSR was divided into eight regions, with distinct development strategies due to the specific features of each region: Southern Region, Central Industrial region, Northern Region, Ural Region, Volga Region, Turkestan Region, Caucasus Region and Western Siberia Region. The Plan included the construction of a network of 30 regional power plants , including ten large hydroelectric power plants , and numerous electric-powered large industrial enterprises. It
SECTION 10
#1732852785343264-522: The Regionalisation Commission of Gosplan which divided the Soviet Union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic economic regions, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The term "Ilyich's lamp" (лампочка Ильича) for an electric bulb , a reference to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, is a reminder of the Plan period. In 1963, Che Guevara cited
286-424: The areas where Cossacks lived. In the Soviet Union , oblasts were one of the types of administrative divisions of the union republics . As any administrative units of this level, oblasts were composed of districts ( raions ) and cities/towns directly under oblasts' jurisdiction. Some oblasts also included autonomous entities called autonomous okrugs . Because of the Soviet Union electrification program under
308-501: The central importance of electrification to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement: Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country. The commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920, in accordance with February 3, 1920, VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development. The director of the commission
330-505: The last gasp? Projects for such an electrification are in process of development in Holland and they have been discussed in England, and in those densely-populated and industrially highly-developed centres one can imagine them as successful, economical, and altogether beneficial. But their application to Russia is an altogether greater strain upon the constructive imagination. I cannot see anything of
352-471: The most remote corners of land, backwardness, ignorance, poverty, disease, and barbarism." In 1920, British writer Herbert George Wells visited Soviet Russia and met with Vladimir Lenin. Wells believed that it was impossible to realise the Russian revolutionary’s plan, as he wrote in his book Russia in the Shadows : For Lenin, who like a good orthodox Marxist denounces all "Utopians," has succumbed at last to
374-463: The sort happening in this dark crystal of Russia, but this little man at the Kremlin can; he sees the decaying railways replaced by a new electric transport, sees new roadways spreading throughout the land, sees a new and happier Communist industrialism arising again. While I talked to him he almost persuaded me to share his vision. The GOELRO Plan was implemented during a 10- to 15-year period. According to
396-527: The west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk ). The districts ( okrugs ) of the Dagestan oblast in 1917 were as follows: Bold line denotes the largest city. the largest city ( Buynaksk ) According to the Russian Empire Census , the Dagestan oblast had
418-578: Was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky . About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including Genrikh Graftio , Ivan Alexandrov , Mikhail Shatelen and others. By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the " Russian SFSR Electrification Plan" ( «План электрификации Р.С.Ф.С.Р» ), that was approved subsequently by the 8th All-Russian Congress of Soviets on December 22, 1920, and accepted by the Sovnarkom (Soviet government) on December 21, 1921. The Plan represented
440-628: Was intended to increase the total national power output per year to 8.8 billion kWh , as compared to 1.9 billion kWh in Imperial Russia in 1913. Soviet propaganda declared the plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. While only three out of ten hydroelectric stations were built by 1930: the Volkhov , the Svir , and the Dnieper Hydroelectric Stations ; the goal of 8.8 billion kWh
462-526: Was reached in 1931, and national power output continued to increase significantly. It reached 13.5 billion kWh by the end of the first five-year plan in 1932, 36 billion kWh by 1937, and 48 billion kWh by 1940. Leon Trotsky as president of the electrification commission and the Opposition bloc also put forward an electrification plan which involved the construction of the hydroelectric Dnieprostroi dam . Ivan Alexandrov later directed
SECTION 20
#1732852785343484-441: Was used alongside оболость obolostǐ —the equivalent of об- 'against' and волость 'territory, state, power' (cognate with English 'wield'; see volost ). In the Russian Empire , oblasts were considered to be administrative units and were included as parts of Governorates General or krais . The majority of then-existing oblasts were on the periphery of the country (e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast ) or covered
#342657