Dacian victory
21-674: Dacian War(s) may refer to: Domitian's Dacian War , two punitive expeditions mounted as a border defense against raids of Moesia from Dacia in 86–87 AD ordered by the Emperor Titus Flavius Domitianus against Dacia and the Dacian king Decebalus Trajan's Dacian Wars , two campaigns of conquest ordered or led by the Emperor Trajan in 101–102 AD and 105–106 AD from Moesia against Dacia and Decebalus Topics referred to by
42-577: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Domitian%27s Dacian War Domitian's Dacian War was a conflict between the Roman Empire and the Dacian Kingdom , which had invaded the province of Moesia . The war occurred during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian , in the years 86–88 AD. Since the reign of Burebista , widely considered
63-626: The Praetorian Guard , personally arrived in Moesia, reorganised the province into Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior and planned a future attack into Dacia. To replenish their forces and greatly strengthen the Roman army in this territory, the Legio IV Flavia Felix from Dalmatia and two more legions, the I and II Adiutrix , were moved to Moesia from the western provinces. The region of Sirmium
84-569: The auxiliary forces of Upper Moesia, using the buildup of troops for his Dacian wars . Legio I Adiutrix Legio I Adiutrix ( lit. First Legion "Rescuer"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 68, possibly by Galba when he rebelled against emperor Nero (r. 54–68). The last record mentioning the Adiutrix is in 344, when it was stationed at Brigetio (modern Szőny ), in
105-610: The war against Marcomanni commanded by Marcus Valerius Maximianus . Between 171 and 175, the commander was Pertinax , emperor for a brief period in 193. When Septimius Severus became emperor, I Adiutrix was among his supporters, following him in the march for Rome. In the next decades, the main base was again Pannonia, but they played a part in several Parthian wars, namely the campaigns of 195 and 197–198 of Septimius Severus, 215–217 led by Caracalla and 244 by Gordian III . It (probably vexilationes of it) took part in
126-613: The Dacians). The Roman victory had reduced Decebalus to the defensive, but he was saved by a series of events: These events inevitably caused the withdrawal of the Roman armies from Dacia and the signing of a peace treaty. Conciliatory and diplomatic attitudes prevailed on both sides and honour was safe for both. Decebalus became "client king", albeit only nominally, earning Roman gratitude and help by sending expert carpenters, engineers who helped him build defensive fortifications and an annual subsidy of 8 million sesterces. His brother Diegis
147-585: The Dacians. At Tapae Roman victory at the major Second Battle of Tapae was followed by a massacre of Dacians. Tettius, however, did not march on the enemy capital of Sarmizegetusa Regia as Decebalus managed to halt their advance into enemy territory due perhaps to the difficulty of crossing the Iron Gates in a season close to winter. After the battle, the course of events is unclear. Suetonius mentions that there were "several battles of varying success" (against
168-500: The Roman province of Pannonia , to fight the Dacians . Following the murder of Domitian in 96, the Adiutrix , along with the Danubian army, played an important role in Roman politics, forcing Nerva to adopt Trajan as his successor. When Trajan became emperor, he gave the legion the cognomen Pia Fidelis ("loyal and faithful") to acknowledge their support. Between 101 and 106, under
189-453: The Roman province of Pannonia . The emblem of the legion was a capricorn , used along with the winged horse Pegasus , on the helmets the symbol used by I Adiutrix legionaries was a dolphin . The legion probably was founded by Nero , although some sources provide that it was Galba . Some theories propose the idea that Nero began to recruit marines from the Misenum navy, and Galba likely
210-626: The attempts proved unsuccessful and Fuscus himself died in the battle. The battle standard of the Praetorian Guard was also lost, and although the Praetorian cohorts would be restored, the Legio V Alaudae was permanently destroyed. It was one of the most humiliating defeats of the period and Rome lost two entire legions, a defeat on par with the massacre of the Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD. The war
231-565: The greatest Dacian king (r. 82-44 BC), the Dacians had represented a threat to the Roman Empire . Caesar himself had drawn up a plan to launch a campaign against Dacia . The threat was reduced when dynastic struggles in Dacia led to a division into four (or five, depending on the source) separately governed tribal states after Burebista died in 44 BC. Augustus later came into conflict with Dacia after it sent envoys offering its support against Mark Antony in exchange for "requests". Augustus rejected
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#1732845125052252-551: The new emperor's command, I Adiutrix , along with IV Flavia Felix and XIII Gemina , conquered Dacia and occupied the newly formed province . Trajan also used his Pia Fidelis in the campaign against Parthia (115–117), but they were sent back to Pannonia by his successor emperor Hadrian , with base in Brigetio. During the next decades, I Adiutrix remained in the Danube frontier. Under Marcus Aurelius , I Adiutrix fought
273-401: The offer and Dacia supported Antony. In 29 BC, Augustus sent several punitive expeditions into Dacia led by Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives , the consul of the prior year, that inflicted heavy casualties and apparently killed three of their five kings. Although Dacian raids into Pannonia and Moesia continued for several years despite the defeat, the threat of Dacia had effectively ended. In
294-418: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dacian Wars . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dacian_Wars&oldid=890172732 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
315-606: The successful operations, then returned to Rome to celebrate a double triumph. With the arrival of fresh legions in 87 AD, Domitian began what became the First Dacian War. General Diurpaneus sent an envoy to Domitian offering peace but it was rejected. Cornelius Fuscus crossed the Danube into Dacia with 5 or 6 legions on a pontoon bridge. However, at the First Battle of Tapae his army was ambushed by Decebalus and attacked on all sides. Although Fuscus attempted to rally his men,
336-559: The winter of 85/86 AD after 116 years of relative peace along the Roman frontier, King Duras led by General Diurpaneus, swarmed over the frozen Danube and pillaged Moesia . It seems that the Romans were caught by surprise since the governor, Oppius Sabinus , and his forces, possibly including the Legio V Alaudae , were annihilated. Following this attack, Domitian led legions into the ravaged province accompanied by Cornelius Fuscus , Prefect of
357-619: The year 70 it was fighting in the Batavian rebellion . The city of Moguntiacum ( Mainz ) is the legion's first known base camp, shared with Legio XIV Gemina , where they attended mainly building activities. In 83, they fought the Germanic wars against the Chatti , a German tribe living across the Rhine , under the command of Emperor Domitian . After that they were transferred to the Danubian army stationed in
378-399: Was attached to Moesia Superior, in order to have a single command over the endangered Dacian frontier. Historians are divided as to what happened next. A. Mócsy suggests that after handing over the command to Fuscus, Domitian returned to Rome in the same year, while Fuscus cleared the Dacian invaders from the province. According to E. T. Salmon and M. Bunson, however, Domitian personally led
399-522: Was responsible for the last stages of the organization, when sacrifices were made, and the legion received its aquila standard . Some children may have been among the first recruits. In the confusing Year of the Four Emperors , the legion fought in Otho 's army in the Battle of Bedriacum , where this emperor was defeated by Vitellius The victorious Vitellius ordered the legion transferred to Spain, but by
420-474: Was resumed after a year of preparations. Domitian promoted as new commander in chief, Tettius Julianus , who, having crossed the Danube, probably at the legionary fortress of Viminacium , managed in the following autumn to reach the plain of Caransebeș , in front of the Iron Gates , perhaps after a enveloping approach conducted in several columns, and not without great difficulties due to the continuous attacks of
441-559: Was sent to Rome to receive from the hands of Domitian himself the crown to be given to the king of the Dacians as a sign of alliance and submission. For the remainder of Domitian's reign Dacia remained a relatively peaceful client kingdom , but Decebalus used the Roman money to fortify his defences. Domitian probably wanted a new war against the Dacians, and reinforced Upper Moesia with two more cavalry units brought from Syria and with at least five cohorts brought from Pannonia. Trajan continued Domitian's policy and added two more units to
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