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125-419: The center focuses on connecting people of all ages to science. Its interactive experiences include a two-story exhibit floor, nearly three-dozen programs for visitors of all ages, students, educators, and community groups, and regional workforce initiatives that integrate limited-engagement exhibits with programs highlighting workforce development opportunities. The center's primary focus is introducing children to

250-761: A STEM unit in January 2014, dedicated to igniting students' passion for STEM. To further enrich students' learning experiences, their Industrial Partnership Programme (IPP) creates opportunities for students to get early exposure to real-world STEM industries and careers. Curriculum specialists and STEM educators from the Science Centre will work hand-in-hand with teachers to co-develop STEM lessons, provide training to teachers, and co-teach such lessons to provide students with early exposure and develop their interest in STEM. In 2017, Thai Education Minister Teerakiat Jareonsettasin said after

375-476: A collaborator of Charles Darwin . An alternate East Coast common name for the painted turtle is "skilpot", from the Dutch for turtle, schildpad . Originally described in 1783 by Johann Gottlob Schneider as Testudo picta , the painted turtle was called Chrysemys picta first by John Edward Gray in 1855. Four subspecies were then recognized: the eastern by Schneider in 1783, the western by Gray in 1831, and

500-465: A document titled Promotion of STEM Education , which proposes strategies and recommendations for promoting STEM education. India is next only to China with STEM graduates per population of 1 to 52. The total number of fresh STEM graduates was 2.6 million in 2016. STEM graduates have been contributing to the Indian economy with well-paid salaries locally and abroad for the past two decades. The turnaround of

625-439: A female to male ratio of 4:1. Hatchling sex ratio varies based on egg temperature . During the middle third of incubation, temperatures of 23–27 °C (73–81 °F) produce males, and anything above or below that, females. It does not appear that females choose nesting sites to influence the sex of the hatchlings; within a population, nests will vary sufficiently to give both male and female-heavy broods. The painted turtle

750-551: A few atoms wide. At the center's Nano Exhibits, visitors learn the basic behind this field and get a glimpse at how it is used in our modern world. Visitors also get to apply what they learn themselves, building large replicas of carbon nanotubes and a feature the center calls "Balance Our Nano Future". Newton's popular Second Law of Motion is expressed as f = ma, or force equal mass times acceleration. The Newton Chairs are chairs that roll back when visitors push each other. The simple design illustrates Newton's law – if two visitors apply

875-476: A limited-engagement Da Vinci Science Center exhibit experience with community programming that highlights industry workforce development needs and opportunities. The Science Center's exhibits include: A combined engineering lab, playscape, and climbing space that offers students active fun while they explore math and engineering.  Engineers On a Roll's colorful balls and long tracks that dip and curve encourage kids to predict, direct, sort, and experiment while

1000-436: A longer, thicker tail, with the anus ( cloaca ) located further out on the tail. The painted turtle has a very similar appearance to the red-eared slider (the most common pet turtle) and the two are often confused. The painted turtle can be distinguished because it is flatter than the slider. Also, the slider has a prominent red marking on the side of its head (the "ear") and a spotted bottom shell, both features missing in

1125-549: A mere 14% In India, OMOTEC is providing an innovative curriculum based on STEM, and their students are also performing and developing products to solve the new age problems. Two students also won the Microsoft Imagine Cup for developing a non-invasive method to screen for skin cancer using artificial intelligence. In Nigeria, the Association of Professional Women Engineers Of Nigeria (APWEN) has involved girls between

1250-455: A more racially and gender-diverse field. Some evidence suggests that all students, including black and Hispanic students, have a better chance of earning a STEM degree if they attend a college or university at which their entering academic credentials are at least as high as the average student's. Although women make up 47% of the workforce in the U.S., they hold only 24% of STEM jobs. Research suggests that exposing girls to female inventors at

1375-535: A new namesake, and added an emphasis of connecting science and technology to the arts and other disciplines. After closing its operations in a former Bethlehem Steel building in June 2005, the center moved to a custom-built exhibit building on land its leases from Cedar Crest College in Allentown . The expanded and modernized visitor experience allowed for a deeper emphasis on public visitation, expanding its reach throughout

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1500-431: A painted turtle surviving from the egg to its first birthday is only 19%. For females, the annual survival rate rises to 45% for juveniles and 95% for adults. The male survival rates follow a similar pattern, but are probably lower overall than females, as evidenced by the average male age being lower than that of the female. Natural disasters can confound age distributions. For instance, a hurricane can destroy many nests in

1625-601: A phenomenon known as "chilly climates" which refers to incidents of sexism , isolation, and pressure to prove themselves to peers and high level academics. For minority populations in STEM, loneliness is experienced due to lack of belonging and social isolation. In the State of the Union Address on January 31, 2006, President George W. Bush announced the American Competitiveness Initiative . Bush proposed

1750-524: A proportionally larger head, eyes, and tail, and a more circular shell than the adult. The adult female is generally longer than the male, 10–25 cm (4–10 in) versus 7–15 cm (3–6 in). For a given length, the female has a higher (more rounded, less flat) top shell. The female weighs around 500 g (18 oz) on average, against the males' average adult weight of roughly 300 g (11 oz). The female's greater body volume supports her egg-production. The male has longer foreclaws and

1875-555: A reference to the shortage of skilled workers and inadequate education in these areas. The term tends not to refer to the non-professional and less visible sectors of the fields, such as electronics assembly line work. Many organizations in the United States follow the guidelines of the National Science Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field. The NSF uses a broad definition of STEM subjects that includes subjects in

2000-496: A region, resulting in fewer hatchlings the next year. Age distributions may also be skewed by migrations of adults. To understand painted turtle adult age distributions, researchers require reliable methods. Turtles younger than four years (up to 12 years in some populations) can be aged based on " growth rings " in their shells. For older turtles, some attempts have been made to determine age based on size and shape of their shells or legs using mathematical models , but this method

2125-517: A strip of Wisconsin along Lake Michigan and part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (UP). Further west, the rest of Illinois, Wisconsin and the UP are part of the range proper, as are all of Minnesota and Iowa, as well as all of Missouri except a narrow strip in the south. All of North Dakota is within range, all of South Dakota except a very small area in the west, and all of Nebraska. Almost all of Kansas

2250-571: A subspecies of C. picta , to be a distinct species sister to all subspecies in C. picta . Although this proposal was largely unrecognized at the time due to evidence of hybridization between dorsalis and picta , the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group and the Reptile Database have since followed through with it, although both the subspecific and specific names have been recognized. Although its evolutionary history—what

2375-539: A too hot night in the Southeast, she delays the process until later at night. Painted turtles in Virginia have been observed waiting three weeks to nest because of a hot drought. While preparing to dig her nest, the female sometimes exhibits a mysterious preliminary behavior. She presses her throat against the ground of different potential sites, perhaps sensing moisture, warmth, texture, or smell, although her exact motivation

2500-506: A training system is yet to be established." Several Chinese cities have taken bold measures to add programming as a compulsory course for elementary and middle school students. This is the case of the city of Chongqing. However, most students from small and medium-sized cities have not been exposed to the concept of STEM until they enter college. Several European projects have promoted STEM education and careers in Europe. For instance, Scientix

2625-1063: A young age has the potential to reduce the gender gap in technical STEM fields by half. Campaigns from organizations like the National Inventors Hall of Fame aimed to achieve a 50/50 gender balance in their youth STEM programs by 2020. The gender gap in Zimbabwe's STEM fields is also significant, with only 28.79% of women holding STEM degrees compared to 71.21% of men. STEM fields have been recognized as areas where underrepresentation and exclusion of marginalized groups are prevalent. STEM poses unique challenges related to intersectionality due to rigid norms and stereotypes , both in higher education and professional settings. These norms often prioritize objectivity and meritocracy while overlooking structural inequities, creating environments where individuals with intersecting marginalized identities face compounded barriers. For instance, individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups may experience

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2750-414: Is 13–25 cm (5.1–9.8 in) long; the male is smaller than the female. The turtle's top shell is dark and smooth, without a ridge. Its skin is olive to black with red, orange, or yellow stripes on its extremities. The subspecies can be distinguished by their shells: the eastern has straight-aligned top shell segments; the midland has a large gray mark on the bottom shell; the western has a red pattern on

2875-547: Is a 130 km (80 mi) gap to the east of Lake Superior (in the area of harshest winter climate) where no painted turtles of any subspecies occur. Thus Ontario's western subspecies does not intergrade with the midland painted turtle of southeastern Ontario. In Manitoba, the turtle is numerous and ranges north to Lake Manitoba and the lower part of Lake Winnipeg . The turtle is also common in south Saskatchewan, but in Alberta, there may only be 100 individuals, all found very near

3000-439: Is a European cooperation of STEM teachers, education scientists, and policymakers. The SciChallenge project used a social media contest and student-generated content to increase the motivation of pre-university students for STEM education and careers. The Erasmus programme project AutoSTEM used automata to introduce STEM subjects to very young children. The LUMA Center is the leading advocate for STEM-oriented education. Its aim

3125-429: Is a bottom-dwelling hunter. It quickly juts its head into and out of vegetation to stir potential victims out into the open water, where they are pursued. Large prey is ripped apart with the forefeet as the turtle holds it in its mouth. It also consumes plants and skims the surface of the water with its mouth open to catch small particles of food. Although all subspecies of painted turtle eat both plants and animals (in

3250-401: Is a coalition of academicians and teachers who show an effort to increase the quality of education in STEM fields rather than focussing on increasing the number of STEM graduates. In the United States, the acronym began to be used in education and immigration debates in initiatives to begin to address the perceived lack of qualified candidates for high-tech jobs. It also addresses concern that

3375-506: Is a member of the genus Chrysemys , which is part of the pond turtle family Emydidae . Fossils show that the painted turtle existed 15 million years ago. Three regionally based subspecies (the eastern, midland, and western) evolved during the last ice age . The southern painted turtle ( C. dorsalis ) is alternately considered the only other species in Chrysemys , or another subspecies of C. picta . The adult painted turtle

3500-516: Is also a portmanteau from lu and ma . To address the decline in interest in learning the areas of science, the Finnish National Board of Education launched the LUMA scientific education development program. The project's main goal was to raise the level of Finnish education and to enhance students' competencies, improve educational practices, and foster interest in science. The initiative led to

3625-715: Is critical to ensuring that all young Australians are equipped with the necessary STEM skills and knowledge that they must need to succeed." Its goals were to: Events and programs meant to help develop STEM in Australian schools include the Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge , the Maths Challenge (Australian Mathematics Trust), Go Girl Go Global and the Australian Informatics Olympiad. Canada ranks 12th out of 16 peer countries in

3750-569: Is derived from the Ancient Greek words for "gold" ( chryso ) and "freshwater tortoise" ( emys ); the species name originates from the Latin for "colored" ( pictus ). The subspecies name, marginata , derives from the Latin for "border" and refers to the red markings on the outer (marginal) part of the upper shell; dorsalis is from the Latin for "back", referring to the prominent dorsal stripe; and bellii honors English zoologist Thomas Bell ,

3875-450: Is done, by the females only, between late May and mid-July. The nests are vase-shaped and are usually dug in sandy soil, often at sites with southern exposures. Nests are often within 200 m (220 yd) of water, but may be as far away as 600 m (660 yd), with older females tending to nest further inland. Nest sizes vary depending on female sizes and locations but are about 5–11 cm (2–4 in) deep. Females may return to

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4000-520: Is in range; the border of that state with Oklahoma is roughly the species range border, but the turtle is found in three counties of north central Oklahoma. To the northwest, almost all of Montana is in range. Only a narrow strip in the west, along most of the Idaho border (which is at the Continental Divide ) lacks turtles. Wyoming is almost entirely out of range; only the lower elevation areas near

4125-604: Is more uncertain. The most reliable method to study the long-lived turtles is to capture them, permanently mark their shells by notching with a drill, release the turtles, and then recapture them in later years. The longest-running study, in Michigan, has shown that painted turtles can live more than 55 years. Adult sex ratios of painted turtle populations average around 1:1. Many populations are slightly male-heavy, but some are strongly female-imbalanced; one population in Ontario has

4250-486: Is no universal agreement on which disciplines are included in STEM; in particular, whether or not the science in STEM includes social sciences , such as psychology , sociology , economics , and political science . In the United States, these are typically included by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Labor 's O*Net online database for job seekers, and the Department of Homeland Security . In

4375-791: Is part of the Applied Learning Programme (ALP) that the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) has been promoting since 2013, and currently, all secondary schools have such a program. It is expected that by 2023, all primary schools in Singapore will have an ALP. There are no tests or exams for ALPs. The emphasis is for students to learn through experimentation – they try, fail, try, learn from it, and try again. The MOE actively supports schools with ALPs to further enhance and strengthen their capabilities and programs that nurture innovation and creativity. The Singapore Science Centre established

4500-526: Is the only species in the genus Chrysemys . The parent family for Chrysemys is Emydidae: the pond turtles. Emydidae is split into two sub families; Chrysemys is part of the Deirochelyinae (Western Hemisphere) branch. The four subspecies of the painted turtle are the eastern ( C. p. picta ), midland ( C. p. marginata ), southern ( C. p. dorsalis ), and western ( C. p. bellii ). The painted turtle's generic name

4625-611: Is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in relatively slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They have been shown to prefer large wetlands with long periods of inundation and emergent vegetation. This species is one of the few that is specially adapted to tolerate freezing temperatures for extended periods of time due to an antifreeze-like substance in their blood that keeps their cells from freezing. This turtle

4750-406: Is to promote the instruction and research of natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, and technology across all educational levels in the country. In the native tongue luma stands for "luonnontieteellis-matemaattinen" (lit. adj. "scientific-mathematical"). The short is more or less a direct translation of STEM , with engineering fields included by association. However, unlike STEM, the term

4875-496: Is unknown. She may further temporize by excavating several false nests as the wood turtles also do. The female relies on her hind feet for digging. She may accumulate so much sand and mud on her feet that her mobility is reduced, making her vulnerable to predators. To lighten her labors, she lubricates the area with her bladder water. Once the nest is complete, the female deposits into the hole. The freshly laid eggs are white, elliptical, porous, and flexible. From start to finish,

5000-457: The Department of Education or DepEd. The STEM strand is under the Academic Track, which also includes other strands like ABM, HUMSS, and GAS. The purpose of the STEM strand is to educate students in the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, in an interdisciplinary and applied approach, and to give students advanced knowledge and application in the field. After completing

5125-621: The Schulich Leader Scholarships , $ 100 million in $ 60,000 scholarships for students beginning their university education in a STEM program at 20 institutions across Canada. Each year 40 Canadian students would be selected to receive the award, two at each institution, with the goal of attracting gifted youth into the STEM fields. The program also supplies STEM scholarships to five participating universities in Israel . To promote STEM in China,

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5250-427: The bog turtle , the painted turtle's feet are webbed to aid swimming. The head of the turtle is distinctive. The face has only yellow stripes, with a large yellow spot and streak behind each eye, and on the chin two wide yellow stripes that meet at the tip of the jaw. The turtle's upper jaw is shaped into an inverted "V" ( philtrum ), with a downward-facing, tooth-like projection on each side. The hatchling has

5375-457: The 11th and 12th grades, more commonly referred to as first and second year, culminating in Intermediate exams. These electives are FSc pre- medical (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), FSc pre- engineering (Physics, Chemistry, Maths), and ICS (Physics/Statistics, Computer Science, Maths). These electives are intended to aid students in pursuing STEM-related careers in the future by preparing them for

5500-510: The 2015 run of the international assessment test the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), American students came out 35th in mathematics, 24th in reading, and 25th in science, out of 109 countries. The United States also ranked 29th in the percentage of 24-year-olds with science or mathematics degrees. STEM education often uses new technologies such as 3D printers to encourage interest in STEM fields. STEM education can also leverage

5625-644: The 49th Southeast Asia Ministers of Education Organisation (SEAMEO) Council Conference in Jakarta that the meeting approved the establishment of two new SEAMEO regional centers in Thailand. One would be the STEM Education Centre, while the other would be a Sufficient Economy Learning Centre. Teerakiat said that the Thai government had already allocated Bt250 million over five years for the new STEM center. The center will be

5750-460: The Appalachian mountains, but the two subspecies tend to mix in the northeast. The borders between the four subspecies are not sharp, because the subspecies interbreed. Many studies have been performed in the border regions to assess the intermediate turtles, usually by comparing the anatomical features of hybrids that result from intergradation of the classical subspecies. Despite the imprecision,

5875-505: The Center for Advanced Materials (CAM) at Qatar University . Each year around 946 students, from about 40 high schools, participate in AL-Bairaq competitions. AL-Bairaq makes use of project-based learning, encourages students to solve authentic problems, and inquires them to work with each other as a team to build real solutions. Research has so far shown positive results for the program. STEM

6000-462: The Chinese government issued a guideline in 2016 on national innovation-driven development strategy, "instructing that by 2020, China should become an innovative country; by 2030, it should be at the forefront of innovative countries; and by 2050, it should become a technology innovation power." "[I]n May 2018, the launching ceremony and press conference for the 2029 Action Plan for China's STEM Education

6125-657: The Da Vinci Science Center in March 2013. During her time in Ohio, Erickson worked for both the Air Force Museum Foundation and Wittenberg University . From 2005 until 2013, the center's chief executive officer was Troy A. Thrash. In 2013, Erickson returned as chief executive officer with unanimous support from the board of trustees, which reviewed almost 175 candidates for the position. Thrash, in turn, moved to become

6250-484: The Discovery Center of Science and Technology and began offering public science experiences. When the Discovery Center separated from Lehigh University in 1999, it was a small, grass-roots organization that served school field trips for grades K-8 primarily and had limited exhibit and program engagement. A 2003 merger with the former Leonardo da Vinci's Horse, Inc. (LDVHI) bolstered the organization's strength, gave it

6375-400: The Indian economy with comfortable foreign exchange reserves is mainly attributed to the skills of its STEM graduates. In India, women make up an impressive 43% of STEM graduates, the highest percentage worldwide. However, they hold only 14% of STEM-related jobs. Additionally, among the 280,000 scientists and engineers working in research and development institutes in the country, women represent

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6500-533: The National Science Foundation found that the average science score on the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress was lower for black and Hispanic students than for white, Asian, and Pacific Islanders. In 2011, eleven percent of the U.S. workforce was black, while only six percent of STEM workers were black. Though STEM in the U.S. has typically been dominated by white males, there have been considerable efforts to create initiatives to make STEM

6625-578: The OPT program, international students who graduate from colleges and universities in the United States can stay in the country and receive up to twelve months of training through work experience. Students who graduate from a designated STEM degree program can stay for an additional seventeen months on an OPT STEM extension. As of 2023, the U.S. faces a shortage of high-skilled workers in STEM, and foreign talents must navigate difficult hurdles to immigrate. Meanwhile, some other countries, such as Australia, Canada, and

6750-631: The Texas Space Grant Consortium, furthers that goal. College students compete to develop promotional plans to encourage students in middle and high school to study STEM subjects and to inspire professors in STEM fields to involve their students in outreach activities that support STEM education. Painted turtle C. p. bellii C. p. marginata C. p. picta Orange: Midland ( C. p. marginata ) Blue: Southern ( C. dorsalis ) Red: Western ( C. p. bellii ) The painted turtle ( Chrysemys picta )

6875-616: The U.S. border, mostly in the southeast. In British Columbia, populations exist in the interior in the vicinity of the Kootenai, Columbia, Okanagan, and Thompson river valleys. At the coast, turtles occur near the mouth of the Fraser and a bit further north, as well as the bottom of Vancouver Island, and some other nearby islands. Within British Columbia, the turtle's range is not continuous and can better be understood as northward extensions of

7000-458: The United Kingdom, have introduced programs to attract talent at the expense of the United States. In the case of China, the United States risks losing its edge over a strategic rival . By cultivating an interest in the natural and social sciences in preschool or immediately following school entry, the chances of STEM success in high school can be greatly improved. STEM supports broadening

7125-418: The United Kingdom, the social sciences are categorized separately and are instead grouped with humanities and arts to form another counterpart acronym HASS (humanities, arts, and social sciences), rebranded in 2020 as SHAPE (social sciences, humanities and the arts for people and the economy). Some sources also use HEAL (health, education, administration, and literacy) as the counterpart of STEM. In

7250-699: The United States and southern Canada. The turtle's karyotype (nuclear DNA, rather than mitochondrial DNA) consists of 50  chromosomes , the same number as the rest of its subfamily-mates and the most common number for Emydidae turtles in general. Less well-related turtles have from 26 to 66 chromosomes. Little systematic study of variations of the painted turtle's karotype among populations has been done. (However, in 1967, research on protein structure of offshore island populations in New England, showed differences from mainland turtles.) Comparison of subspecies chromosomal DNA has been discussed, to help address

7375-487: The United States follow the guidelines of the National Science Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has its own functional definition used for immigration policy. In 2012, DHS or ICE announced an expanded list of STEM-designated degree programs that qualify eligible graduates on student visas for an optional practical training (OPT) extension. Under

7500-572: The Washington, D.C. area called the STEM Institute. Based on the program's recognized success and his expertise in STEM education, Charles Vela was asked to serve on numerous NSF and Congressional panels in science, mathematics, and engineering education. Previously referred to as SMET by the NSF, it is through this manner that NSF was first introduced to the acronym STEM. One of the first NSF projects to use

7625-657: The acronym was STEMTEC, the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Teacher Education Collaborative at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , which was founded in 1998. In 2001, at the urging of Dr. Peter Faletra, the Director of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists at the Office of Science, the acronym was adopted by Rita Colwell and other science administrators in the National Science Foundation (NSF). The Office of Science

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7750-778: The ages of 12 and 19 in science-based courses in order for them to pursue science-based courses in higher institutions of learning. The National Science Foundation (NSF) In Nigeria has made conscious efforts to encourage girls to innovate, invent, and build through the "invent it, build it" program sponsored by NNPC. STEM subjects are taught in Pakistan as part of electives taken in the 9th and 10th grades, culminating in Matriculation exams. These electives are pure sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), mathematics (Physics, Chemistry, Maths), and computer science (Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science). STEM subjects are also offered as electives taken in

7875-470: The ages of 9 and 14. The KPITBs Early Age Programming initiative, established in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , has been successfully introduced in 225 Elementary and Secondary Schools. Many private organizations are working in Pakistan to introduce STEM education in schools. In the Philippines , STEM is a two-year program and strand that is used for Senior High School (Grades 11 and 12), assigned by

8000-520: The balls remain in constant motion Ignite excitement about electrical energy in the PPL Energy Zone. Dance, spin, and get hands-on with standards-based concepts of circuits, voltage, resistance, and power generation.  Explore the Energy Dance Floor, Jacob's Ladder, Circuit Blocks, Finger Tingler, and Hand Crank Generators. One of the Da Vinci Science Center's most popular exhibits is

8125-455: The bottom shell. The turtle eats aquatic vegetation, algae , and small water creatures including insects, crustaceans , and fish. Painted turtles primarily feed while in water and are able to locate and subdue prey even in heavily clouded conditions. Although they are frequently consumed as eggs or hatchlings by rodents, canines, and snakes, the adult turtles' hard shells protect them from most predators. Reliant on warmth from its surroundings,

8250-606: The chief executive officer. The board consists of 30 members who meet quarterly. The board of trustees has three committees, the executive committee, the audit finance committee, and the committee on trustees, that meet throughout the year. The current chief executive officer of Da Vinci Science Center is Lin Erickson, who is serving in this role for the second time after being rehired for the position in 2013. Prior to that, she had served as chief executive officer from 1997 to 2005. In 2005, she moved to Ohio but returned to Pennsylvania and

8375-528: The colorful turtle played the part of a trickster. In modern times, four U.S. states (Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, and Vermont) have named the painted turtle their official reptile . While habitat loss and road killings have reduced the turtle's population, its ability to live in human-disturbed settings has helped it remain the most abundant turtle in North America. Adults in the wild can live for more than 55 years. The painted turtle ( C. picta )

8500-669: The combination of new technologies, such as photovoltaics and environmental sensors , with old technologies such as composting systems and irrigation within land lab environments. In 2006 the United States National Academies expressed their concern about the declining state of STEM education in the United States. Its Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy developed a list of 10 actions. Their top three recommendations were to: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration also has implemented programs and curricula to advance STEM education to replenish

8625-408: The debate over Starkey's proposed taxonomy, but as of 2009 had not been reported. The complete sequencing of the genetic code for the painted turtle was at a "draft assembled" state in 2010. The turtle was one of two reptiles chosen to be first sequenced. Adult painted turtles can grow to 13–25 cm (5–10 in) long, with males being smaller. The shell is oval, smooth with little grooves where

8750-451: The design process, they select elements like tire tread, horsepower and fuel source, which ultimately impact how the simulation performs while maneuvering through virtual obstacles. The Deer Park Water Table is designed specifically for preschool-aged children and sits less than four feet above the ground. The exhibit features movable parts that visitors can position to change the flow of water. Visitors learn about water use, conservation, and

8875-456: The distinct but related technical disciplines of science , technology , engineering , and mathematics . The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns (as a shortage of STEM-educated citizens can reduce effectiveness in this area), and immigration policy, with regard to admitting foreign students and tech workers. There

9000-544: The early 1990s the acronym STEM was used by a variety of educators. Beverly Schwartz developed a STEM mentoring program in the Capital District of New York State, and was using the acronym as early as February, 1992. Charles E. Vela was the founder and director of the Center for the Advancement of Hispanics in Science and Engineering Education (CAHSEE) and started a summer program for talented under-represented students in

9125-522: The eastern and northern borders have painted turtles. In Idaho, the turtles are found throughout the far north (upper half of the Idaho Panhandle ). Recently, separate Idaho populations have been observed in the southwest (near the Payette and Boise rivers) and the southeast (near St. Anthony ). In Washington state, turtles are common throughout the state within lower elevation river valleys. In Oregon,

9250-587: The establishment of 13 LUMA centers at universities across Finland supervised by LUMA Center. The name of STEM in France is industrial engineering sciences (sciences industrielles or sciences de l'ingénieur). The STEM organization in France is the association UPSTI. STEM education has not been promoted among the local schools in Hong Kong until recent years. In November 2015, the Education Bureau of Hong Kong released

9375-475: The female, he is not dominant. Although not directly observed, evidence indicates that the male will inflict injury on the female in attempts of coercion. Males will use their tooth-like cusps on their beaks and their foreclaws during this act of coercion with the female. The female stores sperm , to be used for up to three clutches , in her oviducts ; the sperm may remain viable for up to three years. A single clutch may have multiple fathers . Nesting

9500-899: The fields of chemistry , computer and information technology science, engineering, geoscience, life sciences, mathematical sciences, physics and astronomy, social sciences ( anthropology , economics , psychology , and sociology ), and STEM education and learning research. The NSF is the only American federal agency whose mission includes support for all fields of fundamental science and engineering, except for medical sciences. Its disciplinary program areas include scholarships, grants, and fellowships in fields such as biological sciences, computer and information science and engineering, education and human resources, engineering, environmental research and education, geoscience, international science and engineering, mathematical and physical sciences, social, behavioral and economic sciences, cyberinfrastructure, and polar programs. Although many organizations in

9625-404: The following spring. Courtship begins when a male follows a female until he meets her face-to-face. He then strokes her face and neck with his elongated front claws, a gesture returned by a receptive female. The pair repeat the process several times, with the male retreating from and then returning to the female until she swims to the bottom, where they copulate . As the male is smaller than

9750-486: The forces that help planes fly.   Here visitors learn the basics behind animation, including how still frame images are compiled together to create a continuous video. They get the opportunity to make their own stop-motion film by moving objects around while a computer captures photos of each scene and compiles them into a final product. This video-game like exhibit has visitors develop virtual green trucks that are fuel-efficient and don't produce excessive waste. During

9875-575: The forerunner to the species was and how the close relatives branched off—is not well understood, the painted turtle is common in the fossil record. The oldest samples, found in Nebraska, date to about 15 million years ago. Fossils from 15 million to about 5 million years ago are restricted to the Nebraska-Kansas area, but more recent fossils are gradually more widely distributed. Fossils newer than 300,000 years old are found in almost all

10000-505: The form of leaves, algae, fish, crustaceans, aquatic insects and carrion), their specific diets vary. Young painted turtles are mostly carnivorous and as they mature they become more herbivorous. Painted turtles obtain coloration from carotenoids in their natural diet by eating algae and a variety of aquatic plants from their environment. Stripes and spots increase red and yellow chroma and decrease UV chroma and brightness in turtles with large amounts of carotenoids in their diet compared to

10125-588: The glaciers retreated, about 11,000 years ago, all three subspecies moved north. The western and southern subspecies met in Missouri and hybridized to produce the midland painted turtle, which then moved east and north through the Ohio and Tennessee river basins. Biologists have long debated the genera of closely related subfamily-mates Chrysemys, Pseudemys (cooters), and Trachemys (sliders). After 1952, some combined Pseudemys and Chrysemys because of similar appearance. In 1964, based on measurements of

10250-431: The greater Lehigh Valley region, and developing programs for other age groups. Emerging as the Da Vinci Science Center, the organization has adopted a focus on scientific and technical careers. Along with achieving a record number of more than 93,000 total participants, the center established its integrated workforce development initiatives as its signature experiences during the 2012 fiscal year. These initiatives integrate

10375-543: The implementation and adaptation of science and technology." The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology has initiated a STEM Education Network. Its goals are to promote integrated learning activities improve student creativity and application of knowledge, and establish a network of organations and personnel for the promotion of STEM education in the country. Turkish STEM Education Task Force (or FeTeMM—Fen Bilimleri, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik)

10500-688: The importance of healthy hydration. Inside this attraction, guests experience what it would be like to be inside a Category 1 hurricane as the wind races past them at speeds of up to 78 miles per hour. This exhibit lets young children try their hand at designing a car from plastic parts. The kids get to add hoses to the engine, details to the tires, then, after everything looks right, they can sit inside of their creation. Here visitors build their own structures out of KEVA planks. These planks, which look like elongated Jenga blocks, allow children to test their design skills along with their problem-solving skills. The center views this attraction as one that highlights

10625-500: The initiative to address shortfalls in federal government support of educational development and progress at all academic levels in the STEM fields. In detail, the initiative called for significant increases in federal funding for advanced R&D programs (including a doubling of federal funding support for advanced research in the physical sciences through DOE ) and an increase in U.S. higher education graduates within STEM disciplines. The NASA Means Business competition, sponsored by

10750-410: The interplay between art, math and design. The Da Vinci Pond is a 560-gallon tank, lit by LED lights that gives visitors a chance to view aquatic species indigenous to the area, including a painted turtle and several fish species. Visitors learn more about the aquatic life, their behaviors and their importance in the local watershed environment. Nanotechnology refers to studying objects that are only

10875-468: The large scale-like plates overlap, and flat-bottomed. The color of the top shell ( carapace ) varies from olive to black. Darker specimens are more common where the bottom of the water body is darker. The bottom shell ( plastron ) is yellow, sometimes red, sometimes with dark markings in the center. Similar to the top shell, the turtle's skin is olive to black, but with red and yellow stripes on its neck, legs, and tail. As with other pond turtles, such as

11000-588: The lower elevation southwest part of the state ( Archuleta and La Plata counties), where a population ranges into northern New Mexico in the San Juan River basin. In New Mexico, the main distribution follows the Rio Grande and the Pecos River , two waterways that run in a north–south direction through the state. Within the aforementioned rivers, it is also found in the northern part of Far West Texas . In Utah,

11125-429: The midland and southern by Louis Agassiz in 1857, though the southern painted turtle is now generally considered a full species. Although the subspecies of painted turtle intergrade (blend together) at range boundaries they are distinct within the hearts of their ranges. Until the 1930s, many of the subspecies of the painted turtle were labeled by biologists as full species within Chrysemys , but this varied by

11250-400: The northeast it is found in western New York and much of Vermont, and it intergrades extensively with the eastern subspecies. The western painted turtle's northern range includes southern parts of western Canada from Ontario through Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. In Ontario, the western subspecies is found north of Minnesota and directly north of Lake Superior, but there

11375-466: The organization would not build in Easton, and would look elsewhere. DSC broke ground in downtown Allentown, PA on April 22, 2022 at the building site of their new location, opening in 2024. The Da Vinci Science Center is overseen by a board of trustees charged with ensuring the center functions consistent with the center's mission and is properly funded. The board of trustees also is responsible for electing

11500-435: The painted turtle is active only during the day when it basks for hours on logs or rocks. During winter, the turtle hibernates , usually in the mud at the bottom of water bodies. The turtles mate in spring and autumn. Females dig nests on land and lay eggs between late spring and mid-summer. Hatched turtles grow until sexual maturity : 2–9 years for males, 6–16 for females. In the traditional tales of Algonquian tribes ,

11625-510: The painted turtle lives in an area to the south ( Kane County ) in streams draining into the Colorado River, although it is disputed if they are native. In Arizona, the painted turtle is native to an area in the east, Lyman Lake . The painted turtle is not native to Nevada or California. In Mexico, painted turtles have been found about 50 miles south of New Mexico near Galeana in the state of Chihuahua . There, two expeditions found

11750-748: The painted turtle. The most widespread North American turtle, the painted turtle is the only turtle whose native range extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It is native to eight of Canada's ten provinces, forty-five of the fifty United States, and one of Mexico's thirty-one states. On the East Coast, it lives from the Canadian Maritimes to the U.S. state of Georgia. On the West Coast, it lives in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon and offshore on southeast Vancouver Island . The northernmost American turtle, its range includes much of southern Canada. To

11875-860: The percentage of its graduates who studied in STEM programs, with 21.2%, a number higher than the United States, but lower than France , Germany , and Austria . The peer country with the greatest proportion of STEM graduates, Finland , has over 30% of its university graduates coming from science, mathematics, computer science, and engineering programs. SHAD is an annual Canadian summer enrichment program for high-achieving high school students in July. The program focuses on academic learning, particularly in STEAM fields . Scouts Canada has taken similar measures to their American counterpart to promote STEM fields to youth. Their STEM program began in 2015. In 2011 Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Seymour Schulich established

12000-538: The pool of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians who will lead space exploration in the 21st century. Individual states, such as California , have run pilot after-school STEM programs to learn what the most promising practices are and how to implement them to increase the chance of student success. Another state to invest in STEM education is Florida, where Florida Polytechnic University, Florida's first public university for engineering and technology dedicated to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM),

12125-653: The possibility of opening up a $ 130 million space on the city's waterfront area. The construction for this project would have taken place on the properties along South Third Street and Larry Holmes Drive. This would have required the purchase and removal of a Day's Inn currently on the premises. Da Vinci Science City was planned to feature traveling exhibit galleries shared with the main Allentown location, and would additionally host an aquarium restaurant, large screen theater, and event center. In 2019, DSC's CEO Lin Ericson announced that

12250-674: The potential of the STEM -related subjects. The Da Vinci Science Center is located in Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley , approximately 48 miles (77 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia and 78 miles (126 km) west of New York City . The Da Vinci Science Center opened in 1992. Its earliest incarnation was as the Science Model Area Resource Team (SMART) Center at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania . Its primary purpose

12375-528: The president and chief executive officer of Air Zoo museum in Portage, Michigan , an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution . 40°35′02″N 75°31′19″W  /  40.58394°N 75.52207°W  / 40.58394; -75.52207 Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ( STEM ) is an umbrella term used to group together

12500-433: The program, the students will earn a Diploma in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. In some colleges and universities, they require students applying for STEM degrees (like medicine, engineering, computer studies, etc.) to be a graduate of STEM, if not, they will need to enter a bridging program. In Qatar , AL-Bairaq is an outreach program to high-school students with a curriculum that focuses on STEM, run by

12625-421: The range from the United States. High mountains present barriers to east–west movement of the turtles within the province or from Alberta. Some literature has shown isolated populations much further north in British Columbia and Alberta, but these were probably pet-releases. In the United States, the western subspecies forms a wide intergrade area with the midland subspecies covering much of Illinois as well as

12750-519: The regional institution responsible for STEM education promotion. It will not only set up policies to improve STEM education, but it will also be the center for information and experience sharing among the member countries and education experts. According to him, "This is the first SEAMEO regional center for STEM education, as the existing science education center in Malaysia only focuses on the academic perspective. Our STEM education center will also prioritize

12875-420: The researcher. The painted turtles in the border region between the western and midland subspecies were sometimes considered a full species, treleasei . In 1931, Bishop and Schmidt defined the current "four in one" taxonomy of species and subspecies. Based on comparative measurements of turtles from throughout the range, they subordinated species to subspecies and eliminated treleasei . Since at least 1958,

13000-433: The same force to each other (push each other), then the difference in their mass will create a proportional difference in their acceleration. In other words, if child does this with their parent, the child will travel back much faster because the same force input is acting against a smaller mass. In 2016, the Da Vinci Science Center and the city of Easton, Pennsylvania signed a one-year memorandum of understanding to explore

13125-400: The same sites several consecutive years, but if several females make their nests close together, the eggs become more vulnerable to predators. Female eastern painted turtles have been shown to nest together, possibly even participating in communal nesting. The female's optimal body temperature while digging her nest is 29–30 °C (84–86 °F). If the weather is unsuitable, for instance

13250-484: The shore is desirable habitat; the central, deep waters skew the surface-based estimates. Also, lake and river turtles have to make longer linear trips to access equivalent amounts of foraging space. Adults outnumber juveniles in most populations, but gauging the ratios is difficult because juveniles are harder to catch; with current sampling methods, estimates of age distribution vary widely. Annual survival rate of painted turtles increases with age. The probability of

13375-439: The shores of lakes. The subspecies have evolved different habitat preferences. Within much of its range, the painted turtle is the most abundant turtle species. Population densities range from 10 to 840 turtles per hectare (2.5 acres) of water surface. Warmer climates produce higher relative densities among populations, and habitat desirability also influences density. Rivers and large lakes have lower densities because only

13500-646: The skull and feet, Samuel B. McDowell proposed all three genera be merged into one. However, further measurements, in 1967, contradicted this taxonomic arrangement. Also in 1967, J. Alan Holman , a paleontologist and herpetologist, pointed out that, although the three turtles were often found together in nature and had similar mating patterns, they did not crossbreed . In the 1980s, studies of turtles' cell structures, biochemistries, and parasites further indicated that Chrysemys , Pseudemys , and Trachemys should remain in separate genera. In 2003, Starkey et al. proposed that Chrysemys dorsalis , formerly considered

13625-457: The south it is not found in the coastal lowlands of southern North Carolina, South Carolina, or Georgia, or in southern Georgia in general or at all in Florida. In the northeast, there is extensive mixing with the midland subspecies, and some writers have called these turtles a "hybrid swarm". In the southeast, the border between the eastern and midland is more sharp as mountain chains separate

13750-480: The south, its range reaches the U.S. Gulf Coast in Louisiana and Alabama. In the southwestern United States there are only dispersed populations. It is found in one river in extreme northern Mexico. It is absent in a part of southwestern Virginia and the adjacent states as well as in north-central Alabama. There is a harsher divide between midland and eastern painted turtles in the southeast because they are separated by

13875-634: The stripes and spots of turtles with only moderate amounts of carotenoids in their diet. Painted turtles are most vulnerable to predators when young. Nests are frequently ransacked and the eggs eaten by garter snakes , crows, chipmunks, thirteen-lined ground and gray squirrels , skunks, groundhogs , raccoons, badgers, gray and red fox , and humans. The small and sometimes bite-size, numerous hatchlings fall prey to water bugs , bass, catfish, bullfrogs, snapping turtles , three types of snakes ( copperheads , racers and water snakes ), herons, rice rats , weasels, muskrats , minks, and raccoons. As adults,

14000-417: The study of engineering within each of the other subjects and beginning engineering at younger grades, even elementary school. It also brings STEM education to all students rather than only the gifted programs. In his 2012 budget, President Barack Obama renamed and broadened the " Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP) " to award block grants to states for improving teacher education in those subjects. In

14125-523: The study of these courses at university. A STEM education project has been approved by the government to establish STEM labs in public schools. The Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication has collaborated with Google to launch Pakistan's first grassroots-level Coding Skills Development Program, based on Google's CS First Program, a global initiative aimed at developing coding skills in children. The program aims to develop applied coding skills using gamification techniques for children between

14250-435: The subjects are often taught in isolation, instead of as an integrated curriculum. Maintaining a citizenry that is well-versed in the STEM fields is a key portion of the public education agenda of the United States. The acronym has been widely used in the immigration debate regarding access to United States work visas for immigrants who are skilled in these fields. It has also become commonplace in education discussions as

14375-762: The subspecies are assigned nominal ranges. The eastern painted turtle ranges from southeastern Canada to Georgia with a western boundary at approximately the Appalachians. At its northern extremes, the turtle tends to be restricted to the warmer areas closer to the Atlantic Ocean. It is uncommon in far north New Hampshire and in Maine is common only in a strip about 50 miles from the coast. In Canada, it lives in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia but not in Quebec or Prince Edward Island. To

14500-487: The subspecies to different drainage basins. The midland painted turtle lives from southern Ontario and Quebec, through the eastern U.S. Midwest states, to Kentucky, Tennessee and northwestern Alabama, where it intergrades with the southern painted turtle. It also is found eastward through West Virginia, western Maryland and Pennsylvania. The midland painted turtle appears to be moving east, especially in Pennsylvania. To

14625-527: The subspecies were thought to have evolved in response to geographic isolation during the last ice age, 100,000 to 11,000 years ago. At that time painted turtles were divided into three different populations: eastern painted turtles along the southeastern Atlantic coast; southern painted turtles around the southern Mississippi River; and western painted turtles in the southwestern United States. The populations were not completely isolated for sufficiently long, hence wholly different species never evolved. When

14750-418: The tunnel. Visitors learn how to hone their observational skills by using senses, other than vision, as they crawl through a 72-foot-long tunnel in complete darkness. Students take a hands-on approach to learning about forces, motion, and simple machines.  Try a giant lever, feel the difference a pulley makes, use the superpowers of hydraulics to Lift 1000 Pounds, take a roll on a Newton Chair, and discover

14875-537: The turtle is native to the northern part of the state throughout the Columbia River Valley as well as the Willamette River Valley north of Salem. To the southwest, the painted turtle's range is fragmented. In Colorado, while range is continuous in the eastern, prairie, half of the state, it is absent in most of the western, mountainous, part of the state. However, the turtle is confirmed present in

15000-595: The turtles in the Rio Santa Maria which is in a closed basin . Pet releases are starting to establish the painted turtle outside its native range. It has been introduced into waterways near Phoenix , Arizona, and to Germany, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Spain. To thrive, painted turtles need fresh waters with soft bottoms, basking sites, and aquatic vegetation . They find their homes in shallow waters with slow-moving currents, such as creeks, marshes, ponds, and

15125-672: The turtles' armored shells protect them from many potential predators, but they still occasionally fall prey to alligators, ospreys , crows, red-shouldered hawks , bald eagles, and especially raccoons. Painted turtles defend themselves by kicking, scratching, biting, or urinating. In contrast to land tortoises, painted turtles can right themselves if they are flipped upside down. The painted turtles mate in spring and fall in waters of 10–25 °C (50–77 °F). Males start producing sperm in early spring, when they can bask to an internal temperature of 17 °C (63 °F). Females begin their reproductive cycles in mid-summer, and ovulate

15250-451: Was also an early adopter of the STEM acronym. By the mid-2000s, China surpassed the United States in the number of PhDs awarded and is expected to produce 77,000 PhDs in 2025, compared to 40,000 in the US. The Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority 2015 report entitled, National STEM School Education Strategy , stated that "A renewed national focus on STEM in school education

15375-469: Was established. During school, STEM programs have been established for many districts throughout the U.S. Some states include New Jersey , Arizona , Virginia , North Carolina , Texas , and Ohio . Continuing STEM education has expanded to the post-secondary level through masters programs such as the University of Maryland's STEM Program as well as the University of Cincinnati. In the United States,

15500-610: Was held in Beijing, China. This plan aims to allow as many students to benefit from STEM education as possible and equip all students with scientific thinking and the ability to innovate." "In response to encouraging policies by the government, schools in both public and private sectors around the country have begun to carry out STEM education programs." "However, to effectively implement STEM curricula, full-time teachers specializing in STEM education and relevant content to be taught are needed." Currently, "China lacks qualified STEM teachers and

15625-560: Was originally to host interactive JASON Project broadcasts for students featuring Robert Ballard , the oceanographer who discovered the wreckage of the RMS Titanic . While the organization would host JASON Project through the spring of 1998, the SMART Center began developing additional hands-on science experiences for students in grades K-8 and their teachers with support from an anonymous benefactor. The SMART Center evolved quickly into

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