Kumeyaay (Kumiai), also known as Central Diegueño, Kamia, 'Iipay Aa, and Campo, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of southern San Diego and Imperial counties in California as well as five Kumiai communities in Baja California Norte, Mexico.
13-487: Cuyamaca ( Kumeyaay : ‘Ekwiiyemak ) is a region of eastern San Diego County, California . It lies east of the Capitan Grande Reservation in the western Laguna Mountains , north of Descanso and south of Julian . Named for the 1845 Rancho Cuyamaca Mexican land grant , the region is now dominated by the 26,000-acre (110 km) Cuyamaca Rancho State Park . Within the park is the prominent Cuyamaca Peak ,
26-494: A collective designation for speakers of both Kumeyaay and Tiipay proper. In 1999, published documentation for the Kumeyaay language appeared to be limited to a few texts. In 2019, Margaret Field (along with other translators and native speakers) published a trilingual book of stories and oral histories from Baja California Tiipay communities of Nejí and La Huerta. Video and audio recordings of stories, conversation, and wordlists in
39-577: A reference to the region's higher average precipitation than San Diego County's low coastal areas. Cuyamaca is a popular toponym lending its name to streets, businesses and a community college in the San Diego area. During the Julian Gold Rush, a quartz gold mine; the Stonewall Mine, was found on the south side of what is now Lake Cuyamaca . First a mining camp called Stonewall (1873–1876), then
52-594: Is also a Kumeyaay language immersion program. Alveolar sounds /t, s, n, r/ can also be heard as post-alveolar [t̠, s̠, n̠, r̠] . Vowel length may also be distributed. This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ipai language Ipai , also known as ' Iipai or Northern Diegueño , is the Native American language spoken by
65-648: The Kumeyaay people of central San Diego County, California . Professor Leanne Hinton suggested a conservative estimate of 25 surviving Ipai speakers. Ipai belongs to the Yuman language family and to the Delta–California branch of that family. Ipai and its neighbors to the south, Kumeyaay and Tipai , were often considered to be dialects of a single Diegueño language, but the current consensus among linguists seem to be that at least three distinct languages are present within
78-499: The 2010 Mexican census, including 88 who called their language "Cochimi". The Barona Intertribal Dictionary lists among its Core Contributor Group, Patrick Melvin Curo and among its Extended Group, Stanley Rodriguez, Ed.D. and Ana Gloria Rodriguez, M.Ed. who continue to teach the language today. Kumeyaay belongs to the Yuman language family and to the Delta–California branch of that family. Kumeyaay and its neighbors, ' Iipay to
91-968: The Tiipay variants spoken in Nejí and La Huerta have been uploaded to the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA). Some of these have been transcribed and are available to download on the Endangered Languages Archive hosted by the Endangered Languages Documentation Program (ELDP) at the University of London. As of April 2023, classes are available through Kumeyaay Community College paired with Cuyamaca Community College as well as San Diego State University . There
104-508: The dialect chain (e.g., Langdon 1990). Confusingly, Kumeyaay is commonly used as a designation both for the central language in this family and for the Ipai-Kumeyaay-Tipai people as a whole. Published documentation for the Ipai language includes reference and teaching grammars, a dictionary, and several texts (cf. Mithun 1999:578). There is no standardized orthography for Ipai, and focus
117-479: The former San Diego-Imperial Council, BSA 's Camp Hual-Cu-Cuish . The historic Dyer Ranch house in the center of the state park, which functioned as a museum and the park headquarters, was also destroyed. 32°56′46″N 116°34′34″W / 32.94611°N 116.57611°W / 32.94611; -116.57611 Kumeyaay language Hinton in 1994 suggested a conservative estimate of 50 native speakers of Kumeyaay. There were 377 speakers reported in
130-613: The mining company town of Stratton (1887–1888), renamed Cuyamaca City (1888–1906), at its peak had a population of 500 and served the Stonewall Mine. In 1906, the post office was closed and service moved to Descanso. The town was abandoned after mining operations ceased, and few traces of it exist. The site of the town now lies within Cuyamaca Rancho State Park at 32°59′05″N 116°34′15″W / 32.98472°N 116.57083°W / 32.98472; -116.57083 . The modern community of Cuyamaca later developed on
143-422: The north and Tiipay to the south, were often considered to be dialects of a single Diegueño language, but the 1990 consensus among linguists seems to be that at least three distinct languages are present within the dialect chain. Confusingly, Kumeyaay is commonly used as a designation both for the central language of this family and for the 'Iipay-Tiipay-Kumeyaay people as a whole. Tiipay is also commonly used as
SECTION 10
#1732852762205156-605: The north side of the lake. Before the Cedar Fire of 2003, the community of Cuyamaca consisted of approximately 145 homes on a mountain (North Peak) north of the reservoir. In October 2003, most of the Cuyamaca region was consumed by the Cedar Fire . Nearly 25,000 acres (100 km) in the state park and 120 homes in the community of Cuyamaca were incinerated. The fire also destroyed the Lakeland Resort, Camp Fire 's Camp Wolahi and
169-551: The second-highest mountain in San Diego County at 6,512 feet (1,984.9 m). The modern community of Cuyamaca is on the north side of the lake. It consists of the Cuyamaca Woods, Cuyamaca Resort, and North Peak areas. The name is a Spanish corruption of the Kumeyaay phrase "'Ekwiiyemak", which means, according to Margaret Langdon 's translation, "Behind the clouds". It has also been translated as "the place where it rains",
#204795