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40-536: Curtis Creek is a tidal creek located in Baltimore City and Anne Arundel County , Maryland . It is a tributary of the cove Curtis Bay and is adjacent to the west of the South Baltimore community of Curtis Bay . The creek begins at the confluence of Furnace Creek and Marley Creek in northern Anne Arundel County, Maryland and flows north about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) into Curtis Bay (which now lies in

80-462: A tidal prism important enough to dominate the flow regime despite the huge discharge received from the tributary rivers. The river is a salt wedge estuary in which saltwater, being denser than freshwater, penetrates into the estuary in a layer below the freshwater, which floats on the surface. Salinity fronts, or haloclines , form at the bottom and on the surface, where fresh and brackish waters meet. The salinity fronts are also pycnoclines due to

120-401: A river, it is the widest in the world, with a maximum width of 220 kilometres (140 mi). The river is about 290 kilometres (180 mi) long and widens from about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) at its source to about 220 kilometres (140 mi) at its mouth. It forms part of the border between Argentina and Uruguay . The name Río de la Plata is also used to refer to the populations along

160-616: A river, it is the widest in the world, with a maximum width of about 220 kilometres (140 mi) and a total surface area of about 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi). The upper river contains several islands, including Oyarvide Island and the Solís Islands in Argentine waters and Juncal Island , Islote el Matón , Martín García Island and Timoteo Domínguez Island in Uruguayan waters. Because of deposition of sediments from

200-481: Is a river whose flow and level are caused by tides . A section of a larger river affected by the tides is a tidal reach , but it may sometimes be considered a tidal river if it had been given a separate and another title name. Generally, tidal rivers are short rivers with relatively low discharge rates but high overall discharge, which generally implies a shallow river with a large coastal mouth. In some cases, high tides impound downstream flowing freshwater, reversing

240-468: Is about 180 kilometres (110 mi) long and up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide, with a depth which varies from about 1 to 5 metres (3.3 to 16.4 ft); the depth of the outer estuary zone increases from 5 to 25 metres (16 to 82 ft). The river's discharge is strong enough to prevent saltwater from penetrating to the inner portion. The Río de la Plata behaves as an estuary in which freshwater and seawater mix. The freshwater comes principally from

280-452: Is based on both tidal trends and salinity. By this definition, a tidal river will be affected by tides, surges, and sea level variation, though its water may not have a high salinity content. If that is the case, this section of river can be known as a "tidal freshwater river" or a "river reach." In terms of tides, tidal rivers are classified as microtidal (<2 m), mesotidal (2-4 m), and macrotidal (>4 m). Areas of brackish water seaward of

320-629: The City of Baltimore ) which opens to the east into the main branch and stem of the Patapsco River (serving as the Port of Baltimore ) and Chesapeake Bay . This Baltimore location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a location in Anne Arundel County, Maryland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tidal river A tidal river

360-506: The Guaraní near today's Asunción, and these objects (together with legends of a " Sierra de la Plata " in the South American interior brought back by earlier explorers) inspired him to rename the river "Río de la Plata" ("River of Silver"). The first European colony was the city of Buenos Aires, founded by Pedro de Mendoza on 2 February 1536. This settlement, however, was quickly abandoned;

400-827: The Paranaíba River , Grande River , Tietê River , Paranapanema River , Iguazu River , Paraguay River, and the Salado River , after which it ends in the large Paraná Delta . The Paraguay River flows through the Pantanal wetland, after which its main tributaries include the Pilcomayo River and the Bermejo River , before it ends in the Paraná. The Uruguay's main tributaries include the Pelotas River , Canoas River , Ibicuí River , and

440-642: The Paraná River (one of the world's longest rivers and La Plata's main tributary) as well as from the Uruguay River and other smaller streams. Currents in the Río de la Plata are dominated by tides reaching to its sources and beyond, into the Uruguay and Paraná rivers. Both rivers are tidally influenced for about 190 kilometres (120 mi). The tidal ranges in the Río de la Plata are small, but its great width allows for

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480-579: The Preliminary Peace Convention of 1828. The blockade caused serious problems to the export-oriented economy of Buenos Aires but indirectly contributed to rural provinces such as Córdoba , allowing producers to sell native products to Buenos Aires at an increased price. In the first naval battle of the Second World War the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee was engaged by

520-577: The River Plate or La Plata River in English, is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River at Punta Gorda . It empties into the Atlantic Ocean and forms a funnel-shaped indentation on the southeastern coastline of South America . Depending on the geographer, the Río de la Plata may be considered a river, an estuary, a gulf , or a marginal sea . If considered

560-623: The Royal Navy (RN) cruisers HMS  Exeter and Ajax , and the Royal New Zealand Navy cruiser Achilles , off the estuary of the River Plate in December 1939. The German ship retired up the estuary with a crippled fuel system and put into port at Montevideo. A few days later, rather than fight when believing himself outgunned, her captain scuttled her in the estuary. This engagement

600-562: The Río Negro . Another significant tributary to the Río de la Plata is the Salado del Sur River . Nomadic aboriginal people inhabited the Río de la Plata region for thousands of years before European settlers arrived, and their descendants continue to live in the region to this day. The Río de la Plata was first explored by the Portuguese in 1512–13. The Spanish first explored it in 1516, when

640-759: The Amazon depression. The tidal behaviour of a river is an important consideration in riverboat navigation. For major rivers, such as the Saint Lawrence River (and the associated Saint Lawrence Seaway ), publications such as an atlas of surface currents (or tidal currents) may be available, based on sophisticated hydrodynamic models, subject to empirical validation. Rio de la Plata 27,225 m /s (961,400 cu ft/s) 22,000 m /s (780,000 cu ft/s) The Río de la Plata ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ðe la ˈplata] ; lit.   ' River of Silver ' ), also called

680-557: The Brazilian attempt to control the Uruguay river. Near the coast of Ensenada in April 7, four Argentine vessels led by Brown slipped out of port in an unsuccessful attempt to surprise a large Brazilian fleet under the command of Norton. Two brigs were sunk, and a schooner was heavily damaged, resulting in a decisive Brazilian victory that ensured the Imperial blockade of the Río de la Plata until

720-597: The Río de la Plata flourished, very little silver was actually remitted to the Crown. Then, Spanish war with Britain and the simultaneous eruption of revolts in the mining regions of Peru led to a shortage of silver, putting strain on the merchant class of Buenos Aires. This caused a schism between merchants who wanted to try to continue reviving the Spanish Empire through silver trade and those who wanted to move on from silver and prioritize agricultural exports, ultimately tearing at

760-581: The Río de la Plata was blockaded by the Imperial Brazilian Navy , aiming to cripple Argentine finances and resupply their positions in Colonia del Sacramento and Montevideo . Squadrons of the newly independent United Provinces of the River Plate , led by the Irish-Argentine admiral William Brown attempted to break the blockade despite numerical inferiority. In the first major naval engagement of

800-656: The entire country of Paraguay , most of Uruguay , and northern Argentina . Making up about one fourth of the continent's surface, it is the second largest drainage basin in South America (after the Amazon basin ) and one of the largest in the world. The main rivers of the La Plata basin are the Paraná River , the Paraguay River (the Paraná's main tributary), and the Uruguay River . The Paraná River's main tributaries include

840-485: The estuary, especially the main port cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo , where Rioplatense Spanish is spoken and tango culture developed. The coasts of the river are the most densely populated areas of Uruguay and Argentina. The Río de la Plata begins at the confluence of the Uruguay and Paraná rivers at Punta Gorda and flows eastward into the South Atlantic Ocean . No clear physical boundary marks

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880-409: The fabric of the Río de la Plata region's relationship with the Spanish Empire. In 1806 and 1807 the river was the scene of an important British invasion that aimed to occupy the area and was defeated by the local garrison and population. Conflict in the region intensified after the independence of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the first quarter of the 19th century. Interests in

920-514: The failure to establish a settlement on the estuary led to explorations upriver and the founding of Asunción in 1537. The area was visited by Francis Drake 's fleet in early 1578, in the early stages of his circumnavigation. Buenos Aires was re-founded by Juan de Garay on 11 June 1580. During the colonial era, the Río de la Plata was made the center of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata . The Río de la Plata region, particularly Buenos Aires ,

960-489: The first time, entering it for about 23 leagues (110 km) to near the present city of Rosario . Explorer Sebastian Cabot made a detailed study of the river and its tributaries and gave it its modern name. He explored the Paraná and Uruguay rivers between 1526 and 1529, ascending the Paraná as far as the present-day city of Asunción , and also explored up the Paraguay River. Cabot acquired silver trinkets trading with

1000-625: The fleet system authorized by the Spanish Crown, and therefore was generally considered "illicit." However, under the monarchy of the Spanish Habsburgs , the line between licit and illicit trade was quite blurry. Crown officials and military outposts in Buenos Aires often relied upon profits from illicit trade to support their administrative structures. Under the Bourbon monarchy, the governorate

1040-485: The flow and increasing the water level of the lower section of river, forming large estuaries . High tides can be noticed as far as 100 kilometres (62 mi) upstream. Oregon's Coquille River is one such stream for which that effect can be noticed. The area of a tidal river can be difficult to define. The term "tidal river" generally encompasses the area upriver of the maximum limit of salinity intrusion and downriver of tidal water level fluctuations. This classification

1080-572: The frigate 25 de Mayo , sank after the battle as a result of the damage received. In 8–9 February, an Argentine fleet led by Brown engaged the Third Division of the Imperial Navy on the Uruguay River, inflicting heavy casualties against a disorganized Brazilian squadron. The Argentines routed the Third Division, capturing or destroying fifteen Brazilian vessels whilst losing none and frustrating

1120-477: The heavy stream load carried down from the river's tributaries, the islands in the Río de la Plata generally grow over time. A submerged shoal , the Barra del Indio , divides the Río de la Plata into an inner freshwater riverine portion and an outer brackish estuarine portion. The shoal is located approximately between Montevideo and Punta Piedras (the northwest end of Samborombón Bay ). The inner fluvial zone

1160-507: The highest flow, largest volume of sediment discharge, and largest drainage basin of any river in the world. Because of its large flow volume, saltwater never enters the mouth of the Amazon River, and the limit of salinity is 150 km seaward of the river mouth. The Amazon River is classified as macrotidal, as its tidal range is 4 to 8 meters at the mouth of the river. During low-flow periods, this river's tidal area may extend over 1,000 km into

1200-684: The navigator Juan Díaz de Solís traversed it during his search for a passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, calling it the Mar Dulce, or "freshwater sea". The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan briefly explored the estuary in 1520 before his expedition continued its circumnavigation, and in 1521, Cristóvão Jacques also explored the Plate River estuary and ascended the Parana River for

1240-466: The risk of flooding. The Rio de la Plata is a tidal river on the border between Uruguay and Argentina . It is classified as microtidal, as its tidal range is less than 1 meter. This river is significant mostly due to its size, as more than one tidal wavelength can be accommodated in this river's estuary. Similarly to most tidal rivers, saltwater does not extend far up the river, due to its large volume of freshwater discharge. The Amazon River has

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1280-539: The river's eastern end; the International Hydrographic Organization defines the eastern boundary of the Río de la Plata as "a line joining Punta del Este , Uruguay and Cabo San Antonio , Argentina ". Though it is generally spoken of as a river, the Río de la Plata is considered by some geographers to be a large bay or marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean. For those who regard it as

1320-452: The sinking of deltas. This, combined with rising sea levels , is causing tidal rivers to become deeper, which amplifies the tidal motion and increases the extent of salt intrusion. Increasing salinity in tidal rivers could have a detrimental impact on freshwater organisms and alter tidal river ecosystems significantly. The increasing effect of deltaic subsidence, which is due to the removal of gas, oil, and water from deltas, will also increase

1360-723: The territories and the navigation rights over the Platine region played a major role in many armed conflicts throughout the century, including the Argentine civil wars , the Cisplatine and Platine wars, and the Paraguayan War . The river was blockaded by Brazil from 1826 to 1828 , by the French from 1838 to 1840 and by an Anglo-French alliance from 1845 to 1850 . During the Cisplatine War ,

1400-1013: The tidal river section are often called estuaries . A phenomenon commonly associated with tidal rivers is a tidal bore , where a wall of water travels upriver during a flood tide. Freshwater tidal rivers discharge large amounts of sediment and nutrients into the ocean. This is a necessary influx for the global water balance. Rivers contribute about 95% of sediment entering the ocean. Discharge estimates from freshwater tidal rivers are important for informing water resource management and climate analyses. These discharge amounts can be estimated using tidal statistics. Some challenges to estimating discharge amounts include reversing tidal flow, compensation flow for Stokes drift, spring-neap water storage effects, lateral circulation, and multiple distributaries or ebb and flood channels. Tidal rivers face threats due to climate change and other human-caused impacts. In tidal rivers' deltas, mineral and water extraction, reduced sediment input, and floodplain engineering are causing

1440-466: The war, an Argentine squadron left port in the early hours of February 9 to challenge the blockade. The battle was inconclusive, with the Argentine fleet breaking contact and the Brazilian admiral failing to give chase. In July 29, a Brazilian fleet led by the English admiral James Norton engaged Brown's fleet near Ensenada . Norton split his force, catching the Argentine line between two fires and causing significant casualties. William Brown's flagship,

1480-492: The water density discontinuities. They play an important role in the reproductive processes of fish species. The Río de la Plata's drainage basin (sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region) is the 3,170,000 km (1,220,000 sq mi) -3,182,064 km (1,228,602 sq mi) hydrographical area that drains to the Río de la Plata. It includes areas of southeastern Bolivia , southern and central Brazil ,

1520-489: Was a significant site of trade throughout the 17th century. The Crown initially intended Buenos Aires to be a military establishment for the protection of the Potosí mines , but it soon became evident that a settlement large enough to provide military defense would attract trade. The primary export was silver from the mines of Potosí, and imports generally included European luxury goods, slaves, and sugar. This trade occurred outside of

1560-544: Was elevated to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. This occurred as a result of the Bourbon Reforms , which attempted to restore the decaying wealth of the Spanish Crown. The reforms elevated the status of trade along the Río de la Plata and expanded what constituted "legal" trade so that the Crown could tax trade which had previously been "contraband." However, the plan did not go as intended. Although trade along

1600-470: Was part of the early Battle of the Atlantic . The historical English name "River Plate" uses an obsolete sense of the word "plate", which was used extensively as a term for "silver" or "gold" from the 12th century onwards, especially in Early Modern English . The estuary has been known as the River Plate or Plate River in English since at least the time of Francis Drake. This English version of

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