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27-450: Cuneo ( Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ; Piedmontese : Coni [ˈkʊni] ; Occitan : Coni [ˈkuni] ; French : Coni [kɔni] ) is a city and comune in Piedmont , Italy , the capital of the province of Cuneo , the fourth largest of Italy ’s provinces by area. It is located at 550 metres (1,804 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont , at

54-403: A creation of pastry chef Pietro Galletti from Dronero. Another specialty is "raviolini al plin", a small ravioli pasta made with meat and vegetables. There is an important volleyball club, Piemonte Volley who won 1 Italian Volleyball League , 3 CEV Cup , 2 CEV SuperCup, 4 Italian Volleyball Cup and 3 Italian Volleyball SuperCup. Associazione Calcio Cuneo 1905 ( A.C. Cuneo 1905 ) who plays in

81-616: A standardized writing system. Lexical comparison with other Romance languages and English: Above mean sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance ( height , elevation or altitude ) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level . In geodesy , it is formalized as orthometric height . The zero level varies in different countries due to different reference points and historic measurement periods. Climate change and other forces can cause sea levels and elevations to vary over time. Elevation or altitude above sea level

108-480: Is [i] as allophone of [e] : in word end, at the end of infinitive time of the verb, like in to read and to be ( western [leze] , [ese] vs . eastern [lezi] , [esi] ) and at words feminine plural gender . Although this development is shared partially (in the case of the infinitive time) also by most of the western dialects, including the Turin one, that is the most spoken dialect of western piedmontese (and also of

135-408: Is July, 44 millimetres (1.7 in). Snowfalls are frequent owing to high elevation and wind patterns. Cuneo's specialty is Cuneesi al rhum , small meringues with dark chocolate coating and a rum-based chocolate filling. They are a creation of Andrea Arione (1923), who also registered the name, and sold them in the bar still located in the central square, Piazza Galimberti; another claim makes them

162-567: Is a standard measurement for: Elevation or altitude is generally expressed as " metres above mean sea level" in the metric system , or " feet above mean sea level" in United States customary and imperial units . Common abbreviations in English are: For elevations or altitudes, often just the abbreviation MSL is used, e.g., Mount Everest (8849 m MSL), or the reference to sea level is omitted completely, e.g., Mount Everest (8849 m). Altimetry

189-758: Is marked by an acute to distinguish it from ò ) and breaks diphthongs, so ua and uà are /wa/ , but ùa is pronounced separately, /ˈya/ . Some of the characteristics of the Piedmontese language are: Piedmontese has a number of varieties that may vary from its basic koiné to quite a large extent. Variation includes not only departures from the literary grammar, but also a wide variety in dictionary entries, as different regions maintain words of Frankish or Lombard origin, as well as differences in native Romance terminology. Words imported from various languages are also present, while more recent imports tend to come from France and from Italian. A variety of Piedmontese

216-560: Is realized as labio-velar [ w ] between /a/ and /u/ and as [ w ] or [ f ] when in word-final position. Allophones of / a / are [ ɑ, ɒ ] in stressed syllables and as [ɐ] when in unstressed position and at end of the word. Piedmontese is written with a modified Latin alphabet. The letters, along with their IPA equivalent, are shown in the table below. Certain digraphs are used to regularly represent specific sounds as shown below. All other combinations of letters are pronounced as written. Grave accent marks stress (except for o which

243-503: Is situated more than 500 metres (1,640 feet) above sea level , which helps to make summers more bearable: the hottest month, July, has an average temperature of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F). The coldest, January, averages 1.7 °C (35.1 °F). Annual precipitation is about 962 mm (37.9 in), distributed over 81 days. The rainfall pattern is similar to that of Turin, with two maxima—one primary and one secondary (spring and autumn) and two minima (summer and winter). The driest month

270-512: The Argentinian Pampas , where many immigrants from Piedmont settled. The Piedmontese language is also spoken in some states of Brazil, along with the Venetian language . The first documents in the Piedmontese language were written in the 12th century, the sermones subalpini  [ it ] , when it was extremely close to Occitan , dating from the 12th century, a document devoted to

297-754: The Count of Provence . Together with Alba , it was the main Angevine possession in Northern Italy; Angevine rule interrupted by periods under the control of Saluzzo, Savoy, and the Visconti of Milan was ended in 1382 when Cuneo was acquired by the Duchy of Savoy . Cuneo became an important stronghold of the expanding Savoy state. The city was thus besieged several times by France: first in 1515 by Swiss troops of Francis I of France , then again in 1542, 1557, 1639, 1641, 1691 and, during

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324-726: The War of the Austrian Succession , in 1741. Cuneo resisted each siege successfully. The city was taken by France only during the Napoleonic Wars and was made the capital of the Stura department. After the restoration of the Kingdom of Sardinia , and the unification of Italy , Cuneo became the capital of its namesake province in 1859. In 1862, Cuneo was the location of a Polish Military School moved from Genoa , which trained Polish officers in exile,

351-575: The 12th century, the sermones subalpini , when it was extremely close to Occitan . In 2004, Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament, although the Italian government has not yet recognised it as such. In theory, it is now supposed to be taught to children in school, but this is happening only to a limited extent. The last decade has seen the publication of learning materials for schoolchildren, as well as general-public magazines. Courses for people already outside

378-673: The 3rd level of Italian football. Cuneo has also a Rugby Team called "Cuneo Pedona Rugby", currently playing in the National "Serie C" League. The team is playing in the Municipal Field of Madonna dell'Olmo. Many times stage of Giro d'Italia . In 2016, for the first time in the Giro history, the race arrived in Sant'Anna di Vinadio sanctuary, the highest sanctuary in Europe, 2035 m, and the day after, on 29 May,

405-480: The German and Italian fascist occupation on 25 April 1945. The retreating fascist forces murdered the remaining six Jewish prisoners being held at Cuneo's local prison. Most important and populated: Centro storico, Cuneo centro, Cuneo nuova, San Paolo, Donatello, Gramsci, San Rocco, Cerialdo, Confreria and Borgo San Giuseppe. Cuneo has a temperate sub-continental climate, with cold winters and hot, dry summers. However, it

432-453: The authority of the bishops of Asti and the marquisses of Montferrat and Saluzzo . In 1210, the latter occupied it, and in 1231 the Cuneesi rebelled. In 1238, they were recognized as a free commune by Emperor Frederick II . In 1259, the independence of Cuneo ceased forever, as it gave itself, also to take protection against its more powerful neighbours, to Charles I of Anjou , who was then

459-413: The confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso . Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette , Borgo San Dalmazzo , Boves , Busca , Caraglio , Castelletto Stura , Centallo , Cervasca , Morozzo , Peveragno , Tarantasca and Vignolo . It is located near six mountain passes: Cuneo was founded in 1198 by the local population, who declared it an independent commune, freeing themselves from

486-648: The education of the Knights Templar stationed in Piedmont. During the Renaissance, the oldest Piedmontese literary work of secular character, are the works of Zan Zòrs Alion, poet of the duchy of Montferrat, the most famous work being the opera Jocunda. In the 1500s and 1600s, there were several pastoral comedies with parts in Piedmontese. In the Baroque period, El Cont Piolèt , a comedy by Giovan Battista Tan-na d'Entraive

513-462: The education system have also been developed. In spite of these advances, the current state of Piedmontese is quite grave, as over the last 150 years the number of people with a written active knowledge of the language has shrunk to about 2% of native speakers, according to a recent survey. On the other hand, the same survey showed Piedmontese is still spoken by over half the population, alongside Italian. Authoritative sources confirm this result, putting

540-474: The figure between 2 million and 3 million speakers out of a population of 4.2 million people. Efforts to make it one of the official languages of the Turin 2006 Winter Olympics were unsuccessful. Piedmontese is divided into three major groups The variants can be detected in the variation of the accent and variation of words. It is sometimes difficult to understand a person that speaks a different Piedmontese from

567-403: The one you are used to, as the words or accents are not the same. The Eastern Piedmontese group is more phonologically evolved than its western counterpart. The words that in the west end with jt, jd or t in the east end with [dʒ] e/o [tʃ] for example the westerns [lajt] , [tyjt] , and [vɛj] (milk, all and old) in the east are [lɑtʃ] , [tytʃ] and [vɛdʒ] . A typical eastern features

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594-620: The order of Minister of the Interior Guido Buffarini Guidi . They were freed before the Minister's orders came into effect and most community members fled Cuneo into hiding. However, on 9 December 1944, the Cuneo Police Department reopened the camp and imprisoned the remaining Jewish residents of Cuneo most of whom were then deported to Auschwitz . Few survived according to reports. Italian partisans liberated Cuneo from

621-559: The overwhelming majority of whom then fought in the Polish January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland in 1863–1864 (see also Italy–Poland relations ). During World War II , from 1943 to 1945, it was one of the main centres of partisan resistance against the German occupation of Italy. In 1943, Cuneo's Jewish citizens were briefly arrested and imprisoned at the nearby Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp by

648-459: The race started from Cuneo. Since 1987 Cuneo has been the start and arrival point of the amateur international race "La Fausto Coppi". Cuneo is twinned with: Piedmontese language It has some support from the Piedmont regional government but is considered a dialect rather than a separate language by the Italian central government. Due to the Italian diaspora Piedmontese has spread in

675-400: The whole piedmontese language). A morphological variation that sharply divides east and west is the indicative imperfect conjugation of irregular verbs. In the east, the suffix ava/iva is used, while in the west asìa/isìa is used. The groups are also distinguished by differing conjugation of the present simple of the irregular verbs: dé , andé , sté (to give, to go, to stay). /v/

702-650: Was Judeo-Piedmontese , a dialect spoken by the Piedmontese Jews until the Second World War , when most were killed during the Holocaust . Some survivors knew the language but as of 2015, the language had gone extinct. It had many loanwards from Provencal , Spanish and Hebrew . It kept many conservative features that Piedmontese abandoned over time. The language never became as large in terms of words as larger Jewish languages like Yiddish , and it never developed

729-405: Was published. Literary Piedmontese developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, but it did not gain literary esteem comparable to that of French or Italian, other languages used in Piedmont. Nevertheless, literature in Piedmontese has never ceased to be produced: it includes poetry , theatre pieces, novels , and scientific work. The first documents in the Piedmontese language were written in

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