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Cumulus Hills

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The Cumulus Hills ( 85°20′S 175°0′W  /  85.333°S 175.000°W  / -85.333; -175.000 ) are several groups of largely barren hills in Antarctica . Divided by the Logie Glacier , they are bounded by Shackleton Glacier on the west, McGregor Glacier on the north and Zaneveld Glacier on the south.

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104-607: The exposed rock in this area was observed on a number of occasions to give rise to the formation of cumulus clouds , considered to be very rare at this elevation. The hills were named by the Southern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961–62) because of these clouds. The Cumulus Hills are bounded by the Shackleton Glacier to the west, Zaneveld Glacier to

208-631: A horseshoe vortex deforms a cumulus cloud. Some cumuliform and stratocumuliform clouds have been discovered on most other planets in the Solar System . On Mars , the Viking Orbiter detected cirrocumulus and stratocumulus clouds forming via convection primarily near the polar icecaps. The Galileo space probe detected massive cumulonimbus clouds near the Great Red Spot on Jupiter . Cumuliform clouds have also been detected on Saturn . In 2008,

312-492: A cauliflower-like structure and tower high into the atmosphere, hence their alternate name "towering cumulus". The variety Cumulus radiatus forms in radial bands called cloud streets and can comprise any of the four species of cumulus. Cumulus supplementary features are most commonly seen with the species congestus. Cumulus virga clouds are cumulus clouds producing virga (precipitation that evaporates while aloft), and cumulus praecipitatio produce precipitation that reaches

416-562: A college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s. In 1917, the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A&M to be in Abilene . However, the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E. Ferguson had falsely reported the site committee's choice of location. After new legislation passed in

520-406: A cumulus cloud via a process involving two non-discrete stages. The first stage occurs after the droplets coalesce onto the various nuclei. Langmuir writes that surface tension in the water droplets provides a slightly higher pressure on the droplet, raising the vapor pressure by a small amount. The increased pressure results in those droplets evaporating and the resulting water vapor condensing on

624-714: A formalized exchange agreement with the State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam. This opens the door for a two-way exchange between the entities. There are over 516 student clubs and organizations at Texas Tech. Many students participate in Greek Life . Texas Tech Greek Life includes 12 Panhellenic Sororities and 24\2 InterFraternity Council Fraternities, as well as groups in the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and Multicultural Greek Council (MGC). The Student Union Building, located centrally on campus,

728-417: A formula which predicted that the droplet radius would grow unboundedly within a discrete time period. The liquid water density within a cumulus cloud has been found to change with height above the cloud base rather than being approximately constant throughout the cloud. In one particular study, the concentration was found to be zero at cloud base. As altitude increased, the concentration rapidly increased to

832-476: A layered appearance. These clouds are extremely common, covering on average around twenty-three percent of the Earth's oceans and twelve percent of the Earth's continents. They are less common in tropical areas and commonly form after cold fronts . Additionally, stratocumulus clouds reflect a large amount of the incoming sunlight, producing a net cooling effect. Stratocumulus clouds can produce drizzle , which stabilizes

936-618: A medical school, the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center . It offers Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy. While it is a discrete entity, separate from Texas Tech University, it offers joint degrees (such as MD/MBA) through coordination with the university. Further, the Health Sciences Center is on the university's main campus in Lubbock. In addition to

1040-614: A member of the Institute of Polar Studies geological expedition who worked at this spur in 1970-71. 85°11′S 174°45′W  /  85.183°S 174.750°W  / -85.183; -174.750 . A sharp peak 2,540 metres (8,330 ft) high, standing just southeast of Mount Kenyon, between Gillespie Glacier and LaPrade Valley. Named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) for John C. Shenk, graduate student at Texas Technological College and

1144-695: A member of the expedition. 85°10′S 174°52′W  /  85.167°S 174.867°W  / -85.167; -174.867 . A mountain, 2,260 metres (7,410 ft) high, standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northwest of Shenk Peak in the north part of the Cumulus Hills. Named by F. Alton Wade, leader of the Shackleton Glacier Party of USARP (1962–63) after Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, his Alma Mater. 85°10′S 174°44′W  /  85.167°S 174.733°W  / -85.167; -174.733 . An ice-free hill just west of

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1248-402: A museum of ranching history. The site spans 27.5 acres (0.111 km ) and is home to 38 historic structures that have been restored to their original condition. Structures represented at the center include a linecamp, a dugout, a bunkhouse, a blacksmith shop, a cowchip house, a schoolhouse, corrals, shipping pens, windmills, chuckwagons, and a coal-burning locomotive. The university maintains

1352-606: A natural science research laboratory. It also operates the Val Verde County research site and the Lubbock Lake Landmark , an archaeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock. The site has evidence of 12,000 years of use by ancient cultures on the Llano Estacado (Southern High Plains), and allows visitors to watch active archaeological digs. Visiting scientists and tourists may also participate in

1456-586: A new $ 20 million Petroleum Engineering and Research building, a new building to house the Rawls College of Business, two new residence halls, a $ 3.5 million chapel, and extensive remodeling of the building that previously housed the Rawls College of Business. In 2021, construction began on the new $ 100 million, 125,000-square-foot Academic Sciences Building. The university system's endowment reached $ 1.043 billion in March 2014, surpassing one billion dollars for

1560-680: A number of libraries, some general-purpose and some dedicated to specific topics such as architecture and law. Among the most notable of these are the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library and the Vietnam Center and Archive , the nation's largest and most comprehensive collections of information on the Vietnam War . On August 17, 2007, the Vietnam Center and Archive became the first US institution to sign

1664-484: Is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas , United States. Established on February 10, 1923, and called Texas Technological College until 1969, it is the flagship institution of the five-institution Texas Tech University System . As of fall 2024, the university enrolled 40,969 students, making it the sixth-largest university in Texas. Over 25% of its undergraduate student population identifies as Hispanic , so

1768-511: Is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business , is the university's business school. The college offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in business disciplines. In its 2016 "Best Grad Schools" rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the graduate business program 91st in the United States. The college's health organization management degree program

1872-482: Is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education . The School of Law is an American Bar Association -accredited law school on the main campus in Lubbock, and came in 2nd statewide in the 2013 Bar Examination pass rate with 95.45 percent. The school offers Juris Doctor degrees which can be earned in conjunction with Master of Business Administration or Master of Science degrees through

1976-950: Is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university offers 150 bachelor's, 104 master's, and 59 doctoral degree programs. Texas Tech has seven regional campuses in Texas—in Amarillo , the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, El Paso, Fredericksburg , Junction , Marble Falls, and Waco. Texas Tech also has a satellite campus in Europe, in Seville, Spain , and one in Escazú , San José , Costa Rica . Additional study-abroad programs are offered in various countries, such as Denmark, England, France, and Italy. The Office of International Affairs supports and facilitates

2080-457: Is sometimes categorized separately as cumulonimbiform due to its more complex structure that often includes a cirriform or anvil top. There are also cumuliform clouds of limited convection that comprise stratocumulus (low- étage ), altocumulus (middle-étage) and cirrocumulus (high-étage). These last three genus-types are sometimes classified separately as stratocumuliform. Cumulus clouds form via atmospheric convection as air warmed by

2184-656: Is the hub of daily student activity. It houses restaurants, coffee shops, a book store, meeting rooms, lecture halls, movie rooms, and study areas, as well as the offices and meeting rooms of several student organizations and the Student Government Association. Directly next to the Student Union Building is the School of Music , home of the Texas Tech Goin' Band from Raiderland . The 450-member band, which

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2288-415: Is the sixth-largest university in Texas and the largest institution of higher education in the western two-thirds of the state. Altogether, the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries. Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years, and the university achieved Chancellor Kent Hance's goal to enroll 40,000 students by 2020. From 1927 through fiscal year 2023,

2392-484: The Cassini spacecraft determined that cumulus clouds near Saturn's south pole were part of a cyclone over 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) in diameter. The Keck Observatory detected whitish cumulus clouds on Uranus . Like Uranus, Neptune has methane cumulus clouds. Venus , however, does not appear to have cumulus clouds. Texas Technological College Texas Tech University ( Texas Tech , Tech , or TTU )

2496-682: The Board of Regents of Texas Tech University created the Texas Tech University System. Former State Senator John T. Montford , later of San Antonio , was selected as the first chancellor to lead the combined academic enterprise. Regents Chair Edward Whitacre Jr. stated the move was made due to the institution's size and complexity. "It's time," he said, "to take the university into the 21st century". The Texas Tech University system originally included Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center . On November 6, 2007,

2600-505: The Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System created the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection to enliven the campus environment and extend the university's educational mission. It is funded by using one percent of the estimated total cost of each new building on campus. The collection features pieces from artists such as Tom Otterness and Glenna Goodacre . In 2006, Public Art Review ranked

2704-597: The Latin cumulus , meaning "heap" or "pile". Cumulus clouds are low-level clouds, generally less than 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in altitude unless they are the more vertical cumulus congestus form. Cumulus clouds may appear by themselves, in lines, or in clusters. Cumulus clouds are often precursors of other types of clouds, such as cumulonimbus , when influenced by weather factors such as instability , humidity , and temperature gradient . Normally, cumulus clouds produce little or no precipitation, but they can grow into

2808-466: The 1970s were caused by the astronauts themselves. As they disturbed the light-colored soil on the moon, they exposed the darker soil underneath, which absorbed more sunlight. The university’s latest contribution is designed to help future astronauts avoid such mistakes. Nagihara’s Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, or LISTER, is a tool that can drill into the moon’s surface and measure underground temperatures. In 2019, it

2912-608: The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. On November 12, 2008, following a $ 25 million gift from AT&T in honor of alumnus Edward Whitacre Jr. , the college was formally renamed the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering. The largest academic division on campus, the College of Arts & Sciences offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in a wide range of subjects from philosophy to mathematics. In 2004,

3016-530: The Board of Directors chose Texas Tech University, submitting it to the state legislature in 1964. A failed move by Governor John Connally to have the school placed into the Texas A&;M University System , as well as continued disagreement and heated debate over the school's new name, kept the name change from being approved. In spite of objections by many students and faculty, the Board of Directors again submitted

3120-479: The College of Mass Communications and the College of Visual & Performing Arts were created from programs organized within the College of Arts & Sciences. The College of Mass Communications changed its name to the College of Media & Communication in 2012 and offers degrees in several areas, including advertising, journalism and electronic media, and public relations. The College of Visual & Performing Arts

3224-650: The Cumulus Hills, about 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, with its north end opening at the south side of McGregor Glacier, just west of the mouth of Gatlin Glacier. Named by the Texas Tech-Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) for Specialist 5th Class Daniel T.L. Cheu, member of the U.S. Army Aviation Detachment which supported the expedition. 85°13′S 173°13′W  /  85.217°S 173.217°W  / -85.217; -173.217 . A small but conspicuous nunatak located in

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3328-442: The Cumulus Hills, standing just north of the mouth of Logie Glacier, where the latter joins Shackleton Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Edward J. Landry, USARP meteorologist who wintered at Byrd Station in 1963 and at South Pole Station in 1965. 85°13′S 175°38′W  /  85.217°S 175.633°W  / -85.217; -175.633 . A rock bluff overlooking the east side of Shackleton Glacier, rising immediately north of

3432-442: The Earth's surface. Cumulus pannus comprise shredded clouds that normally appear beneath the parent cumulus cloud during precipitation. Cumulus arcus clouds have a gust front , and cumulus tuba clouds have funnel clouds or tornadoes . Cumulus pileus clouds refer to cumulus clouds that have grown so rapidly as to force the formation of pileus over the top of the cloud. Cumulus velum clouds have an ice crystal veil over

3536-468: The Lubbock campus, TTUHSC has campuses in Abilene , Amarillo , El Paso , Dallas, and Odessa . The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and hosts 55 research centers and institutes. According to the National Science Foundation , Texas Tech had $ 226.7 million in research development funding and expenditures, ranking Texas Tech 120th in

3640-543: The South Pole Station, 1964. 85°20′S 175°35′W  /  85.333°S 175.583°W  / -85.333; -175.583 . A rock bluff rising to 2,280 metres (7,480 ft) at the south side of the mouth of Logie Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for W. Ellis, a chief air controlman, United States Navy, during Operation Deep Freeze 1965 and 1966. 85°16′S 175°37′W  /  85.267°S 175.617°W  / -85.267; -175.617 . A rock bluff in

3744-675: The Texas Research Incentive Program, and the National Research University Benchmark Fund—provided $ 500 million in grants and matching funds during fiscal years 2010 and 2011. On September 2, 2009, the university announced it had received private gifts totaling $ 24.3 million. Of these, $ 21.5 million are eligible for match under the Texas Research Incentive Program. In late 2011 and throughout 2012–13, construction began on several new buildings on campus. The construction included

3848-430: The Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) for Kerby E. LaPrade, graduate student at Texas Technological College , and a member of the expedition. 85°12′S 174°19′W  /  85.200°S 174.317°W  / -85.200; -174.317 . A rock col 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Rougier Hill. The col is along the ridge that trends southward from Rougier Hill. The name

3952-577: The Texas Tech University Public Art Collection among the ten best university public art collections in the United States. The university also hosts the Museum of Texas Tech University , which was founded in 1929 and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums . The museum is home to over eight million objects and specimens and houses the Moody Planetarium, art galleries, a sculpture court, and

4056-612: The Texas Tech University School of Medicine. The Texas Legislature expanded the medical school charter in 1979, creating the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center . TTUHSC, which is now part of the Texas Tech University System , includes Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. It has locations in four Texas cities in addition to

4160-659: The University College was established. Formerly known as the College of Outreach and Distance Education, the college was created by bringing together the Division of Off-Campus Sites and the Division of Outreach and Distance Education. Texas Tech's six in-state satellite campuses are under the auspices of the college. Additionally, it oversees the Texas Tech University Independent School District . The Texas Tech University System also operates

4264-502: The adjacent Rawls College of Business. All graduate programs offered at Texas Tech University are overseen by the Graduate School , which was officially established in 1954. The university's Honors College allows select students to design a customized curriculum that incorporates a broad range of disciplines, and offers students the opportunity for early admission into Texas Tech University's medical and law schools. In September 2008,

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4368-422: The air, forming the cumulus cloud. This creates the characteristic flat-bottomed puffy shape associated with cumulus clouds. The height of the cloud (from its bottom to its top) depends on the temperature profile of the atmosphere and of the presence of any inversions . During the convection, surrounding air is entrained (mixed) with the thermal and the total mass of the ascending air increases. Rain forms in

4472-615: The areas of pulsed power , strengthening national security, grid computing , resilience and adaptability, energy , advancing One Health , rural and urban development, and atmospheric sciences are among the most prominent at the university. The Institute for Critical Infrastructure Security is a world-class collaborative research institute that works to solve the continuous problem of cyber-security interruptions in critical infrastructure systems. The Institute for One Health Innovation brings together experts from human, animal and environmental health to better understand how each interacts with

4576-517: The atmosphere, producing the long, tubular cloud streets. They generally form during high-pressure systems , such as after a cold front. The height at which the cloud forms depends on the amount of moisture in the thermal that forms the cloud. Humid air will generally result in a lower cloud base. In temperate areas, the base of the cumulus clouds is usually below 550 metres (1,800 ft) above ground level, but it can range up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) in altitude. In arid and mountainous areas,

4680-476: The beneficial qualities of wind and to mitigate its detrimental effects. The institute offers education in wind science and engineering to develop professionals who are experts in creating designs that deal effectively with problems caused by high winds. The institute established the nation's first Ph.D. program in Wind Science and Engineering in 2003. National Wind Institute researchers contributed significantly to

4784-662: The best graduate online engineering programs. The Lubbock campus is home to the main academic university, law school, and medical school ( Health Sciences Center ). It is one of two institutions (the other being UT Austin ) in Texas to have a graduate school, law school, and medical school on its main campus. The campus has Spanish Renaissance architecture . Many buildings on campus borrow architectural elements from those found at University de Alcalá in Alcalá de Henares , Spain, and Mission San José in San Antonio . A large section of

4888-755: The campus built between 1924 and 1951 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Texas Technological College Historic District . This area is roughly bounded by 6th Street on the north, University Avenue on the east, 19th Street on the south, and Flint Street on the west. In 2008, the Professional Grounds Management Society awarded Texas Tech the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and merit awards in 2007, 2010, and 2014. In 1998,

4992-413: The change in 1969. It finally received the legislature's approval on June 6, and the name Texas Tech University went into effect that September. All of the institution's schools, except Law, became colleges. Texas Tech was integrated in the summer of 1961 when its first African-American student, Lucille S. Graves, was admitted. After its initial rejection of African-American students' enrollment and

5096-521: The cloud base can be in excess of 6,100 metres (20,000 ft). Cumulus clouds can be composed of ice crystals , water droplets, supercooled water droplets, or a mixture of them. The water droplets form when water vapor condenses on the nuclei, and they may then coalesce into larger and larger droplets. One study found that in temperate regions, the cloud bases studied ranged from 500 to 1,500 metres (1,600 to 4,900 ft) above ground level. These clouds were normally above 25 °C (77 °F), and

5200-585: The cloud by warming it and reducing turbulent mixing. Cumulonimbus clouds are the final form of growing cumulus clouds. They form when cumulus congestus clouds develop a strong updraft that propels their tops higher and higher into the atmosphere until they reach the tropopause at 18,000 metres (59,000 ft) in altitude. Cumulonimbus clouds, commonly called thunderheads, can produce high winds, torrential rain, lightning, gust fronts, waterspouts , funnel clouds , and tornadoes. They commonly have anvil clouds . A short-lived horseshoe cloud may occur when

5304-561: The college campus began on November 1, 1924. Ten days later, the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20,000 people. Speakers at the event included Governor Pat Neff; Amon G. Carter ; Reverend E. E. Robinson, Colonel Ernest O. Thompson ; and Representative Richard M. Chitwood , the chairman of the House Education Committee, who became the first Texas Tech business manager. Chitwood served in

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5408-434: The concentration of droplets ranged from 23 to 1,300 droplets per cubic centimetre (380 to 21,300 per cubic inch). This data was taken from growing isolated cumulus clouds that were not precipitating. The droplets were very small, ranging down to around 5  micrometres in diameter. Although smaller droplets may have been present, the measurements were not sensitive enough to detect them. The smallest droplets were found in

5512-482: The constituent supercooled water droplets are all about the same size. Altocumulus clouds are a mid-level cloud that forms from 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) in polar areas, 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in temperate areas, and 7,600 metres (24,900 ft) in tropical areas. They can have precipitation and are commonly composed of a mixture of ice crystals, supercooled water droplets, and water droplets in temperate latitudes. However,

5616-400: The cumuliform and stratocumuliform categories, formed via convective processes. Significant growth of these patches indicates high-altitude instability and can signal the approach of poorer weather. The ice crystals in the bottoms of cirrocumulus clouds tend to be in the form of hexagonal cylinders. They are not solid, but instead tend to have stepped funnels coming in from the ends. Towards

5720-489: The development of the Enhanced Fujita Scale for rating the strength of tornadoes. Texas Tech has made many contributions to NASA and the spaceflight industry. The university's Charles A. Bassett II Pulse Laboratory honors engineering alumnus and Gemini -era astronaut Charles A. Bassett II . In total, Texas Tech has helped to produce five astronauts including Bassett, Paul Lockhart , and Rick Husband ; Husband

5824-710: The discovery process. Lubbock Lake Landmark is a National Historic Landmark , which lists it on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a designated State Archaeological Landmark. Texas Tech is also the location of the Southwest Collection of historical archives and the sponsoring institution of the West Texas Historical Association . Located on the northern edge of the campus is the National Ranching Heritage Center ,

5928-403: The droplet concentration per unit volume of air. In places, cumulus clouds can have "holes" where there are no water droplets. These can occur when winds tear the cloud and incorporate the environmental air or when strong downdrafts evaporate the water. Cumulus clouds come in four distinct species, cumulus humilis , mediocris , congestus , and fractus . These species may be arranged into

6032-432: The earth, resulting in an increasing number of cumulus congestus clouds carrying more moisture into the upper atmosphere. Cumulus clouds are a genus of free-convective low-level cloud along with the related limited-convective cloud stratocumulus. These clouds form from ground level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) at all latitudes. Stratus clouds are also low-level. In the middle level are the alto- clouds, which consist of

6136-529: The east of Gatlin Glacier is Red Raider Rampart. 85°23′S 175°12′W  /  85.383°S 175.200°W  / -85.383; -175.200 . A rock prominence, 2,680 metres (8,790 ft) high, standing 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) southeast of Ellis Bluff. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Henry B. Schroeder, USARP meteorologist at South Pole Station, winter 1964, who

6240-418: The fiber properties of cotton, the antibacterial properties of cotton fabric, and the development of chemical-warfare protective fabrics. The college has also created two grass variants, Shadow Turf, a drought-tolerant turf grass that thrives in shade, and Tech Turf (marketed as Turffalo), a turf grass with the rich color and texture of Bermuda and the resilience of buffalo grass . Research institutes at

6344-411: The first full-time African American faculty member. In the 1960s and 1970s, the university invested US$ 150 million in the campus to construct buildings for the library, foreign languages, social sciences, communications, philosophy, electrical and petroleum engineering, art, and architecture. Some other buildings were significantly expanded. On May 29, 1969, the 61st Texas Legislature created

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6448-818: The first time. In 2023, Texas voters approved the creation of a new funding mechanism, the Texas University Fund. Its $ 3.9 billion endowment was created by combining a one-time grant from the state’s budget surplus with the National Research University Fund, interest income from the Economic Stabilization Fund, and charitable contributions. Four Texas universities, including Texas Tech, initially qualified to receive TUF funds based on their research expenditures and doctoral degrees awarded annually. Texas Tech received approximately $ 44 million for fiscal year 2024. By enrollment, Texas Tech

6552-707: The growing top of the cloud. There are also cumulus cataractagenitus, which are formed by waterfalls. Cumulus humilis clouds usually indicate fair weather. Cumulus mediocris clouds are similar, except that they have some vertical development, which implies that they can grow into cumulus congestus or even cumulonimbus clouds , which can produce heavy rain, lightning, severe winds, hail, and even tornadoes . Cumulus congestus clouds, which appear as towers, will often grow into cumulonimbus storm clouds. They can produce precipitation. Glider pilots often pay close attention to cumulus clouds, as they can be indicators of rising air drafts or thermals underneath that can suck

6656-486: The icefall at the head of Gatlin Glacier. So named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) because a ring of moraine completely surrounds the nunatak. 85°09′S 173°12′W  /  85.150°S 173.200°W  / -85.150; -173.200 . A rugged ice and rock wall just east of the juncture of the Gatlin and McGregor Glaciers. Named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) for

6760-629: The international mission of Texas Tech University. It provides services for faculty and students, offers international educational and cultural experiences for the school and community, and contributes to the university's globalization process and its effort to grow as an international educational and research center. The International Cultural Center provides a continual series of conferences, lectures, art exhibitions, and performances. Texas Tech has expanded from its original four schools to comprise ten colleges and two schools. The Whitacre College of Engineering offers 10 engineering programs accredited by

6864-410: The larger droplets. Due to the extremely small size of the evaporating water droplets, this process becomes largely meaningless after the larger droplets have grown to around 20 to 30  micrometres , and the second stage takes over. In the accretion phase, the raindrop begins to fall, and other droplets collide and combine with it to increase the size of the raindrop. Langmuir was able to develop

6968-480: The legislation creating Texas Technological College, and in July of that year, a committee began searching for a site. When the committee's members visited Lubbock, they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to show support for hosting the institution. That August, Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other area towns, including Floydada , Plainview , Big Spring , and Sweetwater . Construction of

7072-1004: The limited-convective stratocumuliform cloud altocumulus and the stratiform cloud altostratus. Mid-level clouds form from 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) to 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in polar areas, 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in temperate areas, and 7,600 metres (24,900 ft) in tropical areas. The high-level cloud, cirrocumulus, is a stratocumuliform cloud of limited convection. The other clouds in this level are cirrus and cirrostratus. High clouds form 3,000 to 7,600 metres (9,800 to 24,900 ft) in high latitudes, 5,000 to 12,000 metres (16,000 to 39,000 ft) in temperate latitudes, and 6,100 to 18,000 metres (20,000 to 59,100 ft) in low, tropical latitudes. Cumulonimbus clouds, like cumulus congestus, extend vertically rather than remaining confined to one level. Cirrocumulus clouds form in patches and cannot cast shadows. They commonly appear in regular, rippling patterns or in rows of clouds with clear areas between. Cirrocumulus are, like other members of

7176-421: The liquid water concentration was almost always significantly greater than the concentration of ice crystals, and the maximum concentration of liquid water tended to be at the top of the cloud while the ice concentrated itself at the bottom. The ice crystals in the base of the altocumulus clouds and in the virga were found to be dendrites or conglomerations of dendrites while needles and plates resided more towards

7280-432: The lower portions of the clouds, with the percentage of large droplets (around 20 to 30 micrometres) rising dramatically in the upper regions of the cloud. The droplet size distribution was slightly bimodal in nature, with peaks at the small and large droplet sizes and a slight trough in the intermediate size range. The skew was roughly neutral. Furthermore, large droplet size is roughly inversely proportional to

7384-420: The main campus in Lubbock. In 2011, the combined enrollment in the Texas Tech University System was greater than 42,000 students—a 48% increase since 2000. Chancellor Kent Hance reiterated plans for Texas Tech's main campus to reach enrollment of 40,000 students by 2020, with additional 5,000 students at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and 10,000 students at Angelo State University . In 1996,

7488-539: The maximum concentration near the middle of the cloud. The maximum concentration was found to be anything up to 1.25 grams of water per kilogram of air. The concentration slowly dropped off as altitude increased to the height of the top of the cloud, where it immediately dropped to zero again. Cumulus clouds can form in lines stretching over 480 kilometres (300 mi) long called cloud streets. These cloud streets cover vast areas and may be broken or continuous. They form when wind shear causes horizontal circulation in

7592-522: The mouth of Brunner Glacier. So named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964–65) because its sheer cliffs and crescent shaped top give it the appearance of a half moon. 85°13′S 175°21′W  /  85.217°S 175.350°W  / -85.217; -175.350 . A bare rock spur next north of Halfmoon Bluff in the northwest part of Cumulus Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Prof. James W. Collinson, Ohio State University,

7696-698: The mouth of LaPrade Valley and about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) north-northeast of Mount Kenyon. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Richard P. Barry, CEC, United States Navy, communications officer at McMurdo Station, winter 1957, who participated in United States Navy Operation Deep Freeze I, II and III, 1955-58. 85°11′S 174°36′W  /  85.183°S 174.600°W  / -85.183; -174.600 . A valley with steep rock walls and ice-covered floor, about 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, extending north to McGregor Glacier, just west of Rougier Hill. Named by

7800-523: The name to "Texas State University", feeling the phrase "Technological College" did not define the institution's scope. While most students supported this change, the Board of Directors and many alumni, wanting to preserve the Double T , opposed it. Other names—University of the Southwest, Texas Technological College and State University, and The Texas University of Art, Science and Technology—were considered, but

7904-540: The nation. The National Wind Institute (formerly the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center or WISE) was established following the May 11, 1970, Lubbock Tornado that caused 26 fatalities and over $ 1.06 billion (2024 dollars) in damage in Lubbock. The National Wind Institute, which includes 56,000 square feet (5,200 m ) of indoor laboratory space, is focused on research, education, and information outreach. The interdisciplinary research program studies methods to exploit

8008-428: The north part of the Cumulus Hills, overlooking the south side of McGregor Glacier. Named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition (1964 65) for Michael Rougier, staff photographer with Life Magazine who was seriously injured while climbing this hill with the expedition. 85°11′S 173°54′W  /  85.183°S 173.900°W  / -85.183; -173.900 . A narrow, north–south trending valley in

8112-399: The other hand, have a variable effect on heating the Earth's surface. The more vertical cumulus congestus species and cumulonimbus genus of clouds grow high into the atmosphere, carrying moisture with them, which can lead to the formation of cirrus clouds. The researchers speculated that this might even produce a positive feedback, where the increasing upper atmospheric moisture further warms

8216-510: The others, and thereby develop a more holistic approach to health for all. The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Red Raiders football team has made 41 bowl appearances, which is tied for 20th most of any university. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament . The call to open

8320-438: The plane high into the sky—a phenomenon known as cloud suck . Due to reflectivity, clouds cool the earth by around 12 °C (22 °F), an effect largely caused by stratocumulus clouds. However, at the same time, they heat the earth by around 7 °C (13 °F) by reflecting emitted radiation, an effect largely caused by cirrus clouds . This averages out to a net loss of 5 °C (9.0 °F). Cumulus clouds, on

8424-496: The position only fifteen months; he died in November 1926. With an enrollment of 914 students—both men and women—Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1, 1925. It was originally composed of four schools—Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts. Military training was conducted at the college as early as 1925, but formal Reserve Officers' Training Corps training did not start until 1936. By 1939,

8528-463: The precipitation-bearing cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulus clouds can be formed from water vapour , supercooled water droplets, or ice crystals , depending upon the ambient temperature . They come in many distinct subforms and generally cool the earth by reflecting the incoming solar radiation . Cumulus clouds are part of the larger category of free-convective cumuliform clouds, which include cumulonimbus clouds. The latter genus-type

8632-415: The school's enrollment had grown to 3,890. Although enrollment declined during World War II , Texas Tech trained 4,747 men in its armed forces training detachments. Following the war, in 1946, the college saw its enrollment leap to 5,366 from a low of 1,696 in 1943. By the 1960s, the school had expanded its offerings to more than just technical subjects. The Faculty Advisory Committee suggested changing

8736-464: The south and McGregor Glacier and Gatlin Glacier to the north. There is a large snowfield to the east. From south to north, features include Schroeder Hill, Wiest Bluff, Vickers Nunatak and Ellis Bluff, all south of Logie Glacier , which flows west into Shackleton Glacier. North of this are Landry Bluff, separated by Brunner Glacier from Halfmoon Bluff, Gillespie Glacier , Shenk Peak, Mount Kenyon, La Prade Valley, Rougier Hill and Cheu Valley. To

8840-647: The state house and senate in 1921, Governor Pat Neff vetoed it, citing hard financial times in West Texas. Furious about Neff's veto, some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state. In 1923, the legislature decided, rather than a branch campus, a new university would better serve the region's needs under legislation co-authored by State Senator William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock and State Representative Roy Alvin Baldwin of Slaton in southern Lubbock County . On February 10, 1923, Neff signed

8944-558: The student body of Texas Technological College, whose athletic representatives are known as the Red Raiders. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . Cumulus cloud Cumulus clouds are clouds that have flat bases and are often described as puffy, cotton-like, or fluffy in appearance. Their name derives from

9048-535: The surface begins to rise. As the air rises, the temperature drops (following the lapse rate ), causing the relative humidity (RH) to rise. If convection reaches a certain level the RH reaches one hundred percent, and the "wet-adiabatic" phase begins. At this point a positive feedback ensues: since the RH is above 100%, water vapor condenses, releasing latent heat , warming the air and spurring further convection. In this phase, water vapor condenses on various nuclei present in

9152-418: The threat of a lawsuit, the university enacted a policy to admit "all qualified applicants regardless of color". The university offered its first athletic scholarship to a black student in 1967, when Danny Hardaway was recruited to play for the Red Raiders football team. In 1970, Hortense W. Dixon became the first African American student to earn a doctorate from the university. In 1972 Emory Grant Davis became

9256-552: The top of the cloud, these crystals have a tendency to clump together. These clouds do not last long, and they tend to change into cirrus because as the water vapor continues to deposit on the ice crystals, they eventually begin to fall, destroying the upward convection. The cloud then dissipates into cirrus. Cirrocumulus clouds come in four species which are common to all three genus-types that have limited-convective or stratocumuliform characteristics: stratiformis , lenticularis , castellanus , and floccus . They are iridescent when

9360-400: The top. Altocumulus clouds can form via convection or via the forced uplift caused by a warm front . A stratocumulus cloud is another type of stratocumuliform cloud. Like cumulus clouds, they form at low levels and via convection. However, unlike cumulus clouds, their growth is almost completely retarded by a strong inversion . As a result, they flatten out like stratus clouds, giving them

9464-424: The university awarded 249,780 bachelor's, 55,265 master's, 10,357 doctoral, and 9,449 law degrees. As a public university, Texas Tech is subject to Texas House Bill 588 , which guarantees Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their graduating class admission to any public Texas university. About half of incoming first-year students finish in the top quarter of their graduating classes. Texas Tech University

9568-446: The university has been designated a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 55 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded nearly 325,000 degrees since 1927, including over 75,000 graduate and professional degrees. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Research projects in

9672-667: The university has invested more than $ 548 million in new construction since 2000. It has also received more than $ 65.9 million in private donations. In April 2009, the Texas House of Representatives passed a bill to increase state funding for seven public universities. Texas Tech University was classified by the state as an "Emerging Research University", and was among the universities that received additional state funding for advancement toward "Tier 1" status. Three funds—the Research University Development Fund,

9776-561: The university include: Texas Tech offers online and regional programs in addition to programs offered on the main campus. There are programs that are fully online, hybrid/blended, and at regional sites. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as a graduate certification preparation program, at the regional sites of El Paso, Fredericksburg, Highland Lakes, Center at Junction, and Waco. Texas Tech's online engineering program also gained recognition from U.S. News & World Report , ranking 20th on their list of

9880-464: The university was not immune to controversy. In 2003, a third-year student at the Texas Tech School of Law filed suit against the university over its policy on free speech zones , which restricted student speech to a single "free speech gazebo". The following year, a federal judge declared the policy unconstitutional . To meet the demands of its increased enrollment and expanding research,

9984-660: The variety, cumulus radiatus ; and may be accompanied by up to seven supplementary features, cumulus pileus , velum , virga , praecipitatio , arcus , pannus , and tuba . The species Cumulus fractus is ragged in appearance and can form in clear air as a precursor to cumulus humilis and larger cumulus species-types; or it can form in precipitation as the supplementary feature pannus (also called scud ) which can also include stratus fractus of bad weather. Cumulus humilis clouds look like puffy, flattened shapes. Cumulus mediocris clouds look similar, except that they have some vertical development. Cumulus congestus clouds have

10088-545: The voters of Texas approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution realigning Angelo State University with the Texas Tech University System. Kent Hance , a Texas Tech graduate who had served as United States Representative and as one of the three elected members of the Texas Board which regulates the oil-and-gas industry , assumed the duties of chancellor on December 1, 2006. Although growth continued at Texas Tech,

10192-409: Was commander of STS-107 , the final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia . Texas Tech has partnered with NASA to perfect methods for growing fresh vegetables in space and to determine the most efficient ways to recycle wastewater. In 2018, faculty member Seiichi Nagihara and his team analyzed data from the 1970s lunar missions and found that incremental changes in the moon’s surface temperature during

10296-405: Was field assistant at Byrd Station, 1964-65. 85°22′S 176°22′W  /  85.367°S 176.367°W  / -85.367; -176.367 . A prominent bluff, 2,160 metres (7,090 ft) high, standing just north of the confluence of Shackleton and Zaneveld Glaciers and marking the west extremity of the Cumulus Hills. Named by US-ACAN for William G. Wiest, USARP ionospheric scientist at

10400-483: Was proposed to US-ACAN in 1971 by geologist David H. Elliot of the Ohio State University Institute of Polar Studies. The col is a very important fossil (vertebrate) locality at which several specimens of the mammal-like reptile Thrinaxodon were found. 85°10′S 174°30′W  /  85.167°S 174.500°W  / -85.167; -174.500 . An ice-free hill just east of LaPrade Valley in

10504-608: Was ranked 41st. From its origin in 1942, the business school was known as the Division of Commerce, until it was renamed the College of Business Administration in 1956. In 2000, following a $ 25 million gift from alumnus Jerry S. Rawls , the college was formally renamed the Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration. In 1967, both the College of Education and the Texas Tech University School of Law were founded. The College of Education instructs future teachers and

10608-828: Was renamed in honor of the contributions by the J.T. & Margaret Talkington Foundation in 2016. Programs offered through Talkington College are accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design , the National Association of Schools of Music , and the National Association of Schools of Theatre. Once the Division of Home Economics, the College of Health & Human Sciences now offers degrees in community, family and addiction sciences; apparel design and interior design ; health professions; hospitality and retail management; human development and family sciences; nutritional sciences ; and personal financial planning. The School of Personal Financial Planning

10712-727: Was selected for one of the upcoming Artemis missions. Building upon existing areas of strength, Texas Tech is now focusing its research enterprise in several key areas: energy , One Health , strengthening national security, systems resilience and adaptability, and rural and urban development. From 2022-2024, efforts related to Texas Tech's pulsed power electronics laboratory received $ 65 million in federal funding. Projects include research on semiconductors , high power microwaves , cyber-physical security, directed energy and high-performance computing . Texas Tech's Davis College of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources has received state and federal grants for research projects including

10816-621: Was the first CFP Board-registered Ph.D. program in the nation when it was founded in 2000. It is still consistently ranked among the top programs in the nation. Its students won the Financial Planning Association 's Financial Planning Competition in 2024, 2023, 2021, 2020, and 2018. The Huckabee College of Architecture , founded in 1927, offers programs accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board . The Rawls College of Business , which

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