Confederate States Army
53-468: Virginia National Guard U.S. Army ? American Civil War ? Spanish–American War ? World War I American Civil War Spanish–American War The Culpeper Minutemen was a militia group formed in 1775 in the district around Culpeper, Virginia . Like minutemen in other British colonies , the men drilled in military tactics and trained to respond to emergencies "at a minute's notice". The Culpeper Minutemen were organized on July 17, 1775 in
106-508: A Supreme Court . Members of the House of Burgesses were chosen by all those who could vote in the colony. Each county chose two people or burgesses to represent it, while the College of William and Mary and the cities of Norfolk , Williamsburg and Jamestown each chose one burgess. The Burgesses met to make laws for the colony and set the direction for its future growth; the council would then review
159-550: A county board of supervisors . Many specifics are set forth in "charters", specific legislation adopted by the General Assembly. Other forms of local government are also provided by statute. Virginia limits the authority of cities and counties to enact ordinances by what is known as the Dillon's Rule . Counties and cities may only pass laws expressly allowed by the state legislature or which are necessary to effect powers granted by
212-767: A call by the President of the United States in accordance with Title 10 of the United States Code . The Virginia National Guard traces the history and tradition of Citizen-Soldier service to the founding of Jamestown in 1607, and it boasts that there has been a military presence defending Virginia ever since. According to the Virginia National Guard, its history is divided into multiple eras typically defined by America's wars against foreign powers. During Virginia's colonial era (1607–1774), many Virginians served in
265-524: A helicopter medical evacuation detachment, one company of military police and another of personnel services plus a military history detachment of the VANG served in the desert. In total, 710 VANG personnel (including 105 females) served in theater. After the war Virginia Guardsmen were deployed to the Sinai, Bosnia , and Kosovo for peacekeeping missions. Global War on Terrorism (11 September 2001 to present): After
318-529: A regiment of African American militia. After the wars, Virginia militiamen served in state duty for riot control and law enforcement. The Birth of the Modern National Guard (1903–1916): During the Spanish American War many problems in the existing State Militia system became obvious to all. In 1903 Congress enacted the first of several laws changing how the volunteer system would function. Among
371-507: Is first in the line of succession to the governor. The lieutenant governor is allowed to run for reelection. The attorney general is chief legal advisor to the governor and the General Assembly, chief lawyer of Virginia, and the head of the Department of Law. The attorney general is second in the line of succession to the governor. Whenever there is a vacancy in all three executive offices of governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general, then
424-621: Is presided over by the speaker of the House , while the Senate is presided over by the lieutenant governor of Virginia . The House and Senate each elect a clerk and sergeant-at-arms . The Senate of Virginia 's clerk is known as the clerk of the Senate (instead of as the secretary of the Senate , the title used in the United States Senate ). The General Assembly also selects the Virginia's auditor of public accounts. The statutory law enacted by
477-736: Is the General Assembly . The General Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of a lower house , the Virginia House of Delegates , with 100 members, and an upper house , the Senate of Virginia , with 40 members. Combined, the General Assembly consists of 140 elected representatives from an equal number of constituent districts across Virginia. The General Assembly holds sessions in the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond . The House of Delegates
530-490: Is the law enforcement officer for localities without a police department. Where a police department has been established, the sheriff remains authorized to enforce the criminal laws. The sheriff, however, is responsible for the operation of the local jail, courthouse security and service of civil papers and may also execute criminal warrants. Founded in 1619, the Virginia General Assembly is still in existence as
583-667: The Battle of Manassas the title of "Stonewall Brigade" was awarded to the Virginia Militia and still used today for the 116th Infantry. Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865. After the Civil War the country and state were at peace until the Spanish–American War . Virginia provided regiments of militia including, for the first time,
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#1732851468563636-568: The Catalpa estate near today's Yowell Meadow Park in Culpeper , Virginia . The Culpeper Minutemen fought for the colonial side in the first year of the American Revolution and are remembered for their company flag: a white banner depicting a rattlesnake, featuring the phrases " Liberty or Death " and " Don't Tread on Me ". At the time, Culpeper was considered frontier territory. In October 1775,
689-526: The Commonwealth of Virginia . The current governor of Virginia is Glenn Youngkin . The State Capitol building in Richmond was designed by Thomas Jefferson , and the cornerstone was laid by Governor Patrick Henry in 1785 . Virginia currently functions under the 1971 Constitution of Virginia . It is Virginia's seventh constitution . Under the Constitution, the government is composed of three branches:
742-625: The Confederate States Army for the duration of the American Civil War . According to the Museum of Culpeper History, the Minutemen were again organized for the Spanish–American War , but were never activated for duty. The Culpeper Minutemen were again organized for World War I , and joined the 116th Infantry . Virginia National Guard The Virginia National Guard is part of
795-587: The National Guard of the United States , a dual federal-state military reserve force. It consists of the Virginia Army National Guard and Virginia Air National Guard . (The Virginia State Defense Force is the third military unit of the Virginia Department of Military Affairs , part of the state government of Virginia ). The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to
848-537: The speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates becomes governor. Glenn Youngkin , a Republican, is the Governor. The Lieutenant Governor is Winsome Sears , a Republican, and is Virginia's first black female Lt. Governor, and Virginia's attorney general, Jason Miyares , is a Republican and the first Latino elected to statewide office. The Virginia Governor's Cabinet is a body of the most senior appointed officers of
901-483: The 111th died trying to gain a foothold on Omaha Beach. After D-Day the 29th fought major battles at St Lo, Brest, Julich, and a number of other places until 8 May 1945 when the war in Europe ended with a German surrender. During its 335 days in combat operations the 116th Infantry suffered 7,113 men killed, wounded or missing. The 111th Field Artillery Battalion lost 43 men killed in action. The Cold War (1946–1989): During
954-413: The 116th Infantry, 29th Division. Virginia's field artillery units were consolidated into the 111th Field Artillery, 29th Division. The 1st Virginia Cavalry was redesignated as the 104th Ammunition Train, 29th Division. While at McClellan the 29th Division, composed of Guard units from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Virginia, adopted the nickname it still carries today, "Blue and Gray." On 8 October 1918,
1007-502: The 176th Infantry and the 29th Tank Company to other units. The 116th remained in the 29th along with two Maryland infantry regiments. The 111th Field Artillery Regiment was broken into two parts; the 111th Field Artillery Battalion and the 227th Field Artillery Battalion, The 29th arrived in Britain in October 1942 and began training. The morning of 6 June 1944, to be known forever as "D-Day," saw
1060-543: The 203rd RED HORSE flight served in OIF, with elements also in OEF performing various construction missions. As the war increased and decreased in scope, more and more VANG units were mobilized and deployed to OIF and OEF. This trend continues today as Virginia Guardsmen deploy to trouble spots throughout the world. During the January 6 United States Capitol attack , the Virginia National Guard
1113-582: The 29th was an assault element in the great Meuse Argonne Offensive. In late October, the 29th was pulled out of the line to rest and prepare for the next attack. This attack was not needed as the war ended on 11 November 1918 with the Armistice. World War II (1941–1945): After a lean interwar period, the Guard was again needed for the Second World War. The 29th trained at Fort Meade and then reorganized, losing
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#17328514685631166-872: The 43 years of the Cold War , many changes occurred in the Virginia Guard including the addition of the 149th Fighter Squadron, the Commonwealth's first Air National Guard unit. No Virginia Guard unit fought in the Korean War or in Viet Nam but some units were activated during the Berlin Wall crisis in 1961. African-Americans were recruited into the Virginia Guard the late 1960s and the first female soldier joined in 1973. Operations Desert Shield/Storm and Peacekeeping (1990–2001): Two truck companies, two engineer headquarters companies,
1219-693: The Committee on District Courts, the Judicial Conferences, and various other officers. The political subdivisions of Virginia are the areas into which the state is divided for political and administrative purposes. In Virginia, the political subdivisions have only the legal powers specifically granted to them by the General Assembly and set forth under the Code of Virginia. Some are local governments ; others are not. However, all local governments (cities, counties, and incorporated towns) are political subdivisions of
1272-847: The General Assembly is codified in the Code of Virginia . The judiciary of Virginia is defined under the Constitution and law of Virginia and is composed of the Supreme Court of Virginia and subordinate courts, including the Court of Appeals , the Circuit Courts , and the General District Courts . Its administration is headed by the chief justice of the Supreme Court, the Judicial Council,
1325-474: The Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court are appointed by the state legislature. The constitutional officers have salaries set by the state through its compensation board, although the locality may supplement the salaries. This structure allows those officers a measure of independence within the local government setting. Virginia's attorney is the elected prosecuting attorney for the locality. The sheriff
1378-519: The Minutemen were sent to Hampton in response to British ships attempting to land. The riflemen were able to effectively shoot the men manning the ships cannons, and the fleet eventually sailed away. The Culpeper militia next participated in the Battle of Great Bridge in December 1775. The battle was a complete American victory. There were accounts of the battle that suggested the British were unnerved by
1431-406: The Supreme Court of Appeals acted as the judiciary, and the eight executive officers were elected: the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, secretary of the commonwealth, state treasurer, auditor of public accounts, superintendent of public instruction, and commissioner of agriculture and immigration. The Constitution of 1901 was amended many times, notably in the 1930s and 1950s, before it
1484-540: The Virginia constitution provides, "There shall be elected by the qualified voters of each county and city a treasurer, a sheriff, an attorney for the Commonwealth, a clerk, who shall be clerk of the court in the office of which deeds are recorded, and a commissioner of revenue." The local constitutional offices are not appointed by the city or county. The judges of the Circuit Court, the General District Court and
1537-570: The Virginia militia volunteered to fight the British. George Washington was appointed as the commander of the Continental Army and other Virginians soon became well-known military leaders: Daniel Morgan, George Rogers Clark, Hugh Mercer, and “Light Horse” Harry Lee. Four men who served in the Virginia Militia would later become President: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson , James Madison , and James Monroe . The War of 1812 and War with Mexico: Once again Virginia supplied men and arms to defend
1590-422: The attacks, the VANG provided security to government installations and critical infrastructure as well as flying security patrols. In early 2002 approximately 70 soldiers of Virginia's Company B, 3rd Bn, 20th Special Forces Group, were mobilized and deployed to Afghanistan. Captured enemy combatants were brought to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for detention. To guard the base the 2nd Bn, 116th Infantry
1643-405: The border. World War I (1917–1918): America declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. By July the Virginia Guard was mobilized and moved to Camp McClellan, Alabama. Two Companies of Coastal Artillerymen were assigned to the 42nd "Rainbow" Division and would serve there for the entire war. At McClellan, the Army combined the Virginia infantry regiments into one large regiment and redesignated it as
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1696-428: The border. President Woodrow Wilson ordered the Army to pursue them into Mexico and later mobilized 100,000 National Guardsmen to patrol and protect the border against further raids. From Virginia came two infantry regiments, a battalion of field artillery, one cavalry squadron and companies of engineers and signal troops, for a total of 4,000 men. In early 1917 the Virginia units returned home after serving six months on
1749-515: The country and the state. The Virginia Military Institute (VMI) was established in 1839. During the 1854 War with Mexico, Virginia provided a Regiment of Volunteers to serve with the US Army. The Civil War (1861–1865) and Spanish–American War (1898–1899): Virginia joined the Confederacy on 17 April 1861. The most famous Virginia Guardsman of the war was Thomas Jackson . From his brigade's performance at
1802-468: The courts were in the process of clarifying the duties and powers, and limitations thereupon in response to multiple lawsuits filed by other locally elected officials. Local government consists of city and county officers, as well as people who are known as constitutional officers. The positions of these constitutional officers are provided for by the Virginia Constitution. Article 7, Section 4 of
1855-524: The district created by the Third Virginia Convention consisting of the counties of Orange , Fauquier and Culpeper . Recruitment began in September 1775 with four companies of 50 men from Fauquier and Culpeper counties each and two companies of 50 men from Orange County. The District Committee of Safety determined that the militia was to meet under a large oak tree in "Clayton's old field" on
1908-491: The executive branch, responsible for advising the governor. It is composed of the following offices, nominated by the governor and then presented to the Virginia General Assembly for confirmation: Many executive branch agencies have the authority to promulgate regulations. Proposals to create or amend state regulations are often subject to review by the executive branch. The legislative branch or state legislature
1961-510: The invasion forces entering Iraq. In September 2003, as the situation in Iraq deteriorated, 300 Air Guard personnel from the 192nd Fighter Wing, along with several of the unit’s F-16 fighters, deployed to Qatar and the pilots flew combat cover missions over Iraq. Over the intervening years, several Air Guard units served in Iraq or were split between Iraq and Afghanistan. The 192nd Security Force Squadron served in OIF in 2006. From late 2006 into early 2007
2014-421: The largest invasion in history launched against five beaches on the coast of Normandy, France. One beach, code named " Omaha ," will always be remembered in Virginia history as "bloody Omaha" due to the more than 800 members of the 116th Infantry who were killed, wounded or missing during the amphibious assault. The 111th also took part on D-Day and lost most of their equipment in the attack. A total of 32 members of
2067-461: The laws and either approve or disapprove them. The approval of the Burgesses, the council, and the governor was needed to pass a law. The idea of electing burgesses was important and new. It gave Virginians a chance to control their own government for the first time. At first, the burgesses were elected by all free men in the colony. Women, indentured servants, and Native Americans could not vote. Later
2120-561: The legislative, the executive and the judicial. The statewide elected officials are governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general. All three officers are separately elected four-year terms in years following presidential elections (1997, 2001, 2005, etc.) and take office in January of the following year. Virginia is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd numbered years (the others are Kentucky, Louisiana , Mississippi , and New Jersey ). The last gubernatorial election
2173-549: The militia formed to protect the various towns and counties. In 1644 free-black colonists (mostly former slaves) were also allowed to enlist in the militia. Today the 276th Engineer Battalion carries the oldest continuous lineage from that period. During the French and Indian War (1755–1763) George Washington , served as a Lieutenant Colonel of the Virginia Regiment. With the beginning of the American Revolution in 1775, most of
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2226-567: The oldest legislature in the New World. In colonial Virginia, the lower house of the legislature was called the House of Burgesses . Together with the Governor's Council, the House of Burgesses made up the "General Assembly". The Governor's Council was composed of 12 men appointed by the British monarch to advise the governor. The council also served as the "General Court" of the colony, a colonial equivalent of
2279-429: The provisions was a mandate that Guardsmen had to drill a minimum of 48 periods a year along with 15 days of "annual training." Enlisted men were now issued standard army uniforms and were trained to Army standards. As a requirement of the law the "Virginia Volunteers" designation was changed to "Virginia National Guard." The Mexican Border Campaign : In 1916 Mexican bandits raided Columbus, N.M., and then fled back over
2332-453: The reputation of the frontiersmen. The Culpeper Minutemen disbanded in January 1776 under orders from the Committee of Safety. Many of the minutemen continued to serve. Some joined the continental line, and others fought under Daniel Morgan , such as William Lloyd, who lived from 1748 to 1834. After fighting in Morgan's group, he joined the 11th Virginia Regiment and encamped at Valley Forge; he
2385-409: The rules for voting changed, making it necessary for men to own at least fifty acres (200,000 m ) of land in order to vote. Like many other states, by the 1850s Virginia featured a state legislature , several executive officers, and an independent judiciary. By the time of the Constitution of 1901, which lasted longer than any other state constitution, the General Assembly continued as the legislature,
2438-575: The state exclusively, especially when the National Guard is deployed and unavailable. The Virginia Defense Force is the commonwealth's own all-volunteer, formal military organization that is the reserve to the Virginia National Guard. List of decorations awarded by the Virginia National Guard Government of Virginia The government of Virginia combines the executive, legislative and judicial branches of authority in
2491-433: The state. Every location in Virginia is within a county or an independent city, but never both. The 95 counties and the 39 independent cities all have their own governments. Cities are governed by an elected mayor or city council which choose a city manager or county administrator to serve as a professional, non-political chief administrator under the council-manager form of government, while counties are governed by
2544-504: The state. Dillon's Rule will invalidate local ordinances that exceed authority granted by the state. There are exceptions to the general structure for counties and cities, notably the City of Richmond, which has a popularly elected mayor who serves as chief executive separate from the city council, an innovative arrangement which has caused some local turmoil under the first mayor so elected, former Governor Douglas Wilder . As of November 2007,
2597-411: The state. All public school divisions are political subdivisions of the state, although each has local and some controlling relationships of varying types with the counties, cities and/or towns they serve. Some political subdivisions are defined geographically; others by function. Many authorities (such as water, or transportation districts) are created by specific legislation as political subdivisions of
2650-606: Was activated and sent to Washington DC to help restore order. Major General Timothy P. Williams was appointed by Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe on Wednesday, May 14, 2014 and has served as the Adjutant General of Virginia since June 1, 2014. Many states also maintain their own military forces. These forces are federally recognized, but are separate from the United States National Guard Bureau and are not meant to be federalized, but rather service
2703-548: Was honorably discharged at Fort Sullivan in 1779. William died May 2, 1834, in Kentucky. John Marshall , the fourth Chief Justice of the United States , was a member of the original Culpeper Minutemen. In 1860, the Culpeper Minutemen were formed under the same oak tree where the 1775 Minutemen had organized. They also carried the same rattlesnake flag. The unit became part of Company B, 13th Virginia Infantry and served in
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#17328514685632756-424: Was in 2021, and the next will occur in 2025. The governor serves as chief executive officer of Virginia and as commander-in-chief of its militia. The Constitution does not allow a governor to succeed himself in office (though a governor is allowed to serve multiple non-consecutive terms). The lieutenant governor, who is not elected on the same ticket as the governor, serves as president of the Senate of Virginia and
2809-430: Was mobilized on 2 November 2002; the first Virginia National Guard battalion to deploy overseas for other than training since World War II. In 2003 the U.S. invaded Iraq to locate and destroy weapons of mass destruction . Three VANG units were in theater during the Iraq invasion, two in the initial attack, and the third entering Iraq later. The HHD, 1030th Engineer Battalion, and the 1032nd Transportation Company accompanied
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