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23-401: Cuadros ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkwaðɾos] ) is a municipality located in the province of León , Castile and León , Spain. According to the 2010 census ( INE ), the municipality has a population of 1,980 inhabitants. 42°42′N 5°38′W  /  42.700°N 5.633°W  / 42.700; -5.633 This article about a location in the province of León, Spain

46-479: A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. Romans also imported grapevines , and wine production thrived in the region until the propagation of Phylloxera at the end of the 19th century, which destroyed the majority of the vineyards. Historically part of the Kingdom of León , and briefly a province of its own within the larger Leonese region from 1821 to 1823 , with the new administrative division of Spain in 1833

69-478: A radical improvement of the region's infrastructure. The economy is now based mainly on tourism, agriculture (fruit and wine ), wind power generation and slate mining. Important factors contributing to the recent boom of the tourism industry in the region are the increasing popularity of the Way of St. James (Spanish: Camino de Santiago ; a pilgrimage route that goes from France to Santiago de Compostela , Galicia),

92-452: Is a comarca in the province of León , Spain. Its capital is the town of Ponferrada . Other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo , the historical capital. The territory of El Bierzo includes most of the upper basin of the Sil river . It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, which makes this area remarkably isolated from all neighbouring lands. In pre-Roman times the region

115-411: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Le%C3%B3n (province) About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León . The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina". There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in

138-601: Is a cold climate due to the altitude and the abundance of frost (which persist from November to May), being more intense in the mountainous areas reaching -18 °C. Vega de Liordes, an enclave in the León sector of Picos de Europa belonging to the municipality of Posada de Valdeón registered −35.8 °C (−32.4 °F) on January 7, 2021. Embutidos Cheese Wines Sweets El Bierzo El Bierzo ( Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈβjeɾ.θo] ; Leonese : El Bierciu or El Bierzu ; Galician : O Bierzo )

161-786: Is also spoken in western El Bierzo and a small area called As Portelas in the westernmost part of the province of Zamora , both areas in the community of Castile and Leon ; the teaching of Galician in public education is allowed in those areas under an agreement between the Education Departments of Galicia and Castile and Leon. In 2005–2006 there were 844 students studying in 9 municipalities of El Bierzo, with 47 teachers, and in 2008–2009 more than 1000 students enrolled in Galician courses in El Bierzo and As Portelas, although many of them are children of immigrants from Galicia. In addition to that,

184-497: Is the western Asturleonese variant most entrenched in the north of El Bierzo, where there are estimated to be about 4,000 speakers of Leonese. The railroad arrived in the region in 1881, and during World War I local tungsten deposits were exploited to supply the arms industry . In 1918 the Ponferrada Mining, Iron and Steel Company ( Spanish: Minero Siderúrgica de Ponferrada (MSP) ) was founded to exploit coal deposits in

207-410: The Galician traits increase as one moves from east to west. The use of Galician and Leonese in everyday speech has mixed usages. Although both have enjoyed a recent revival through the work of different associations that promote their use and study, Galician has been more favored, extending its area of influence. Leonese continues to have a very limited use. The Galician language, in addition to Galicia,

230-563: The Kingdoms of Castile and León ). The western and Atlantic provinces became the Kingdom of Portugal in 1139. The independently administered Kingdom of León , situated in the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula , retained the status of a kingdom until 1833, although dynastic union had brought it into the Crown of Castile . The Kingdom was composed of Adelantamientos Mayores , where

253-674: The Leonese Adelantamientos consisted of the territories between the Picos de Europa and the Duero River . The political and military chiefs of these territories were referred to as Adelantados ; those chiefs began to convene as an assembly in the early 12th century, while the crown appointed the Merinos as minor and appellate judges. According to UNESCO, in 1188 the Kingdom of León developed

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276-564: The Statute of Autonomy of Castile and Leon, in its article No. 5, states: "[We] Shall respect and protect the Galician language and language patterns in places where the language is habitually used." . The number of Galician speakers in El Bierzo is estimated to be about 35,000 people concentrated in the westernmost municipalities of the region. In the last year the Bercianos have made many campaigns to improve Galicians' use in their Comarca, even with

299-527: The city of León, Mansilla de las Mulas , La Bañeza , Valencia de Don Juan or Ponferrada for adult people, and in sixteen schools of León. The City Council of León writes some of its announcements in Leonese in order to promote the language. In the western part of the El Bierzo , the westernmost region of the province, Galician language is spoken and taught at schools. As for the temperatures, in general it

322-514: The collaboration of members from the Royal Galician Academy , professors and students from Villafranca del Bierzo . Politically, usually the Galeguist parties defend the use of Galician language in the western Bierzo, parties as Galician Nationalist Bloc or PSdeG , but recently, even right-wing parties like People's Party defend the Galician language in the area. Pachuezu or patsuezu

345-592: The designation in 1997 of Las Médulas as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the development of rural tourism lodging and wineries in the area. The Energy City Foundation Spanish: Fundación Ciudad de la Energía was established in Ponferrada in 2006 and is currently overseeing the construction of the National Energy Museum ( Spanish: Museo Nacional de la Energía ) in the city, as well as sponsoring several other initiatives that should further boost tourism and

368-550: The first Parliament in Europe, the Cortes de León , which included the elected representatives of towns and cities. In 1202, that Parliament approved economic legislation to regulate trade and guilds. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Provincial Government of León signed accords with language associations for promoting the Leonese language . Leonese is taught in

391-489: The late 1980s most mines were closed, and after the collapse of the mining industry the region was for a while in a crisis. However, in the late 1990s the region underwent a major transformation with the establishment of several industrial and services firms, the reintroduction of commercial wine production, the opening of a local branch of the University of León in Ponferrada offering several undergraduate degrees, and in general

414-467: The majority of the region was integrated in the province of León , with the Valdeorras municipalities becoming part of Galicia . El Bierzo developed its own peculiarities as Galician and Leonese traditions mixed under Castilian influence, and thus was granted the administrative status of comarca . Spanish is the official language, but local dialects of Galician and Leonese are also spoken in

437-510: The province, the main one in León and another in Astorga . The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias . It has 211 municipalities. The province of León was established in 1833 with the new Spanish administrative organisation of regions and provinces to replace former kingdoms. The greater Leonese Region was composed of

460-561: The provinces of León, Salamanca and Zamora . The Kingdom of León was founded in 910 A.D. when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula shifted their main seat from Oviedo to the city of León . The eastern, inland part of the kingdom was joined dynastically to the Kingdom of Castile , first in 1037–1065, then in 1077–1109 and again in 1126–1157, 1230–1296 and from 1301 onward (see: historic union of

483-545: The region, and it grew to become Spain's largest coal mining corporation. The Spanish National Energy Corporation ( Endesa ) was founded in 1944 and in 1949 it opened Spain's first coal-fueled power plant in Ponferrada, Compostilla I . In 1960 the Bárcena Dam ( Spanish: Pantano de Bárcena ) opened and by the second half of the 20th century the economy of the region was mainly based on mining and electricity generation , both hydroelectric and coal-fueled . Starting in

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506-480: The westernmost areas and are present in some village toponyms. In the 12th century there was a colony of immigrants from Poitou in the Bierzo. The status of El Bierzo as a shire is recognized by law, and it is the only one officially recognized in the autonomous community of Castile and León . The predominant language nowadays is Spanish but the local vernaculars can be classified as either Galician or Leonese ;

529-624: Was populated by the Astures , a Hispano-Celtic Gallaecian people. They were conquered by Emperor Augustus in the Astur-Cantabrian Wars (29–19 BC) and the area quickly became the largest mining center of the Empire during the Roman period , where gold and other metals and minerals were extracted. Numerous Roman mining sites are still visible in the area, one of the most spectacular being Las Médulas ,

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