55-1023: (Redirected from Csaky ) Csáki or Csáky is a Hungarian family name . It may refer to: Viktória Csáki , Hungarian handballer András Csáki , Hungarian musician Csaba Csáki , Hungarian theoretical physicist György Csáki, a Count of the Székelys (1402–1403) Marianne Csaky , Hungarian writer Mihály Csáky (1492–1572), Hungarian noble and statesman Josef Csàky , Hungarian artist and sculptor István Csáky (1894–1941), Hungarian politician Pál Csáky , Slovak politician, of Hungarian minority Imre Csáky (cardinal) Imre Csáky (Minister of Foreign Affairs) Albin Csáky (1841–1912), Hungarian politician Károly Csáky (1873–1945), Hungarian military officer and politician See also [ edit ] Csák (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
110-492: A deed of change of name . When a woman takes her husband's name in the traditional way, as in Petőfi Sándorné , her female first name no longer forms part of her official name, yet this is the name she will be called by even after her wedding, in all but the most formal contexts. Thus, Hungarian radio speakers and others often resort to a compromise like Kovács Jánosné, Juli néni (Mrs. János Kovács, aunt Juli) to indicate how
165-644: A wall built around the town. Szeged was raised to free royal town status in 1498. Szeged was first pillaged by the Ottoman Army on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see Ottoman Hungary ). The town was a sanjak centre first in Budin Eyaleti (1543–1596), after in Eğri Eyaleti . The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained
220-412: A child may get an additional name (baptismal name), especially if there is no saint who bears its name, and so they take a name associated with a patron saint. At confirmation , children receive another given name, but it is not used. Both baptismal and confirmation names have religious significance only and are not on any official records. There is a wide range of selection of a married name. Until about
275-481: A child to be named are foreign citizens, the given name(s) may be chosen in accordance with the respective foreign law. Outside Hungary, Hungarian names are usually rendered by the Western convention of other European languages. In English language academic publishing, archiving and cataloguing, different manuals of style treat Hungarian names in different ways. The Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition (2010) reverses
330-409: A maximum of two last names. If one or both partners-to-be come to the marriage with more than one surname, they will have to agree which ones to keep. Both the bride and groom have to declare at the wedding which name they will use, and they have to declare which family name their children will get (which can be changed until the birth of the first child). Children can get either parent's surname, if it
385-522: A maximum temperature of 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) was registered in Szeged. The city of Szeged has 62 kindergartens , 32 elementary schools and 18 high schools. The two most prominent high schools ( Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium ) are in the top fifteen in the country. Szeged is the higher education centre of the Southern Great Plain and has built quite
440-514: A practice that may confuse even native Hungarian-speakers. The top three most frequent surnames in Hungary are Nagy , Kovács , and Tóth . The origin of Hungarian names is closely related to the religious and dynastic history of the country. Many saints' names and royal names have Hungarian equivalents. While it is increasingly frequent that Hungarians are given a second given name, they tend to choose one that they prefer to use. When baptised ,
495-516: A reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreigners. The University of Szeged is according to the number of students the second largest and the 4th oldest university of Hungary being established in 1581. Ranked as the top university of the country on Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2005 , and in the top 100 in Europe, it offers several programs on different fields of study. The Biological Research Centre of
550-469: A result Szeged became a city close to the border , and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. Following the Loss of Transylvania to Romania, University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca ), moved to Szeged in 1921 (see University of Szeged ). In 1923 Szeged took over the role of episcopal seat from Temesvár (now Timișoara , Romania). It
605-463: A suffix -in to the Hungarian name: Romanian : Seghedin ; German : Szegedin or Segedin ; Serbo-Croatian : Segedin / Сегедин ; Italian : Seghedino ; Latvian : Segeda ; Lithuanian : Segedas ; Polish : Segedyn ; Slovak and Czech : Segedín ; Turkish : Segedin . Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. Ptolemy mentions the oldest known name of
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#1733105274621660-425: Is László Botka (Association for Szeged). The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections , is made up of 33 members (1 Mayor, 23 Individual constituencies MEPs and 9 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances: List of City Mayors from 1990: The city offers a wide range of media – television and radio stations, and print and online newspapers. Szeged
715-503: Is the third largest city of Hungary , the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county . The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary. The Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions, held every summer and celebrated as the Day of the City on 21 May. It
770-619: Is a cultural scientific centre of Szeged which gives home to laboratories of the Biological Research Centre and to exhibitions of the John von Neumann Computer Society especially their IT historical exposition. In 2018 the new scientific institution, the ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS) opened in Szeged establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in
825-485: Is an important rail connection, as well as the railway lines 121 (to Makó), 135 (to Hódmezővásárhely), 136 (to Röszke) and 140 (to Kiskunfélegyháza). A tram-train system was constructed and inaugurated in November 2021, connecting Szeged with the neighbouring Hódmezővásárhely , thus creating the second most populous urban agglomeration in the country, after the capital. There was a proposal for its extension, even through
880-521: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Hungarian names Hungarian names include surnames and given names. Some people have more than one given name, but only one is normally used. In the Hungarian language , whether written or spoken, names are invariably given in the " Eastern name order ", with the family name followed by the given name (in foreign-language texts in languages that use Western name order, names are often given with
935-604: Is not used for people who are neither Hungarian nor from another country that uses the Eastern name order. For example, " Tony Blair " will stay as "Tony Blair" in Hungarian texts. However, names of historical importance are generally translated and written in the Hungarian way: Kálvin János for John Calvin. Names from languages using a different script (Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Cyrillic, Greek etc.) are transcribed according to pronunciation. Leaders of countries are translated only in
990-455: Is on the marriage certificate, but all children must have the same surname. Since 2004 they can also get a hyphenated name, but only if both parents kept their birth names at least as one part of their new name. Children usually get their father's surname, but hyphenated names are becoming more common. Couples of the same sex are not allowed to marry in Hungary, so they cannot legally use each other's names unless they change their names through
1045-661: Is popularly but falsely believed to indicate noble origin. However, it is true is that -y is an older spelling, and older records were more likely to record people of higher rank and wealth. Hungarian normally puts family names, except for foreign names, first in Hungarian speech and text. Some Hungarian surnames relate to professions like Szabó (tailor), Kovács (smith), Halász (fisher). Other surnames refer to ethnic origin. For example, common Hungarian surnames include Németh ( German ), Horváth ( Croat ), Tóth ( Slovak ), Lengyel ( Polish ), Oláh ( Romanian ) and Rác /Rácz/Rátz (outdated term for Serb ). During
1100-523: Is possible that the name Szeged is a mutated and truncated form of the final syllables of Partiscum , the name of a Roman colony founded in the 2nd century, on or near the site of modern Szeged. In Latin language contexts, Partiscum has long been assumed to be synonymous with Szeged . The Latin name is also the basis of the city's Greek name Παρτίσκον Partiskon . However, Szeged might instead have originated (or been influenced by) an old Hungarian word for "corner" ( szeg ), pointing to
1155-499: Is the Hungarian equivalent of "Mrs." as in "Mrs. John Smith"). This was both the law and the tradition until the 1950s. During the Communist rule of Hungary , great emphasis was put upon the equality of women and men, and from that time, women could either choose to keep their maiden name or take that of their husband. Most women did the latter except for artists. Now, the alternatives for a woman when she marries are as shown below (using
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#17331052746211210-467: The 2nd Ukrainian Front on 11 October 1944 in the course of the Battle of Debrecen . During the communist era, Szeged became a centre of light industry and food industry . In 1965, oil was found near the city. In 1962, Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád . Whole new districts were built, and many nearby villages (e.g. Tápé , Szőreg , Kiskundorozsma, Szentmihálytelek , Gyálarét ) were annexed to
1265-476: The Hungarian Academy of Sciences , which was built with the help of UNESCO funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. The Szent-Györgyi Albert Agóra
1320-530: The Middle Ages . Family names that refer to a place of origin and end with the suffix -i have two possible endings: they can be written with the -i suffix, which is used in every other context, or with a -y suffix, both of which mean "from" or "of" a place and are pronounced the same way. A family originating from Szeged and named after that fact thus may spell its surname "Szegedi" or "Szegedy", both of which mean "from Szeged" or "of Szeged". The -y ending
1375-856: The Nemzeti Bajnokság II . Motorcycle speedway has had a long association with the city. The first track was at the SZEAC athletics stadium (also known as the Felső Tisza-parti Stadion or Városi stadion), which was located where the Pick Aréna is today. The venue hosted finals of the Hungarian Individual Speedway Championship . From 1978, the Volán speedway club moved to a new track built on Napos út at Béke telepi. This venue held important events, including qualifying rounds of
1430-567: The Speedway World Championship in 1983 and 1984 and a qualifying round of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1988 and 1990. The track closed, partly because of noise issues in a residential area, resulting in the speedway moving out of the city, 25 kilometres west, near to Mórahalom ( 46°10′14″N 19°54′49″E / 46.17056°N 19.91361°E / 46.17056; 19.91361 ). The current mayor of Szeged
1485-442: The surname Csaki . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Csáki&oldid=1215433597 " Categories : Surnames Hungarian-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1540-450: The 18th century noblewomen kept their names at marriage and their children received their father's name; it became compulsory only under the reign of Joseph II . When Hungary was under Habsburg rule and became influenced by Western European traditions, women became known by their husbands' names. So for example Szendrey Júlia , marrying Petőfi Sándor , became Petőfi Sándorné (the -né suffix approximately means "wife of", and this
1595-596: The 19th and the early 20th centuries, people in the Kingdom of Hungary who were of non-Hungarian ethnicity, with Jewish, German or Slovak ancestry, were encouraged to adopt Hungarian surnames. Some people with German names translated them directly into Hungarian. Some of them just magyarized their original German surnames into Hungarian forms. However, many Hungarians of German descent retained their original surnames like Horn, Deutsch, Staller, Keller, Rockenbauer, Hoffmann , etc. A few given names are also used as family names,
1650-537: The Hungarian order to put the given name first but allows all of the diacritics in the name: 8.13 Hungarian names. In Hungarian practice the family name precedes the given name — for example, Molnár Ferenc, Kodály Zoltán. In English contexts, however, such names are usually inverted — Ferenc Molnár , Zoltán Kodály [...] When indexing names, Hungarian names are re-inverted so that the surname comes first in English indexes, as for English names. This way of writing names
1705-705: The Serbian border, to Subotica . The city is also a common stop for national and international long-distance buses. Szeged Airport is the international airport of Szeged. Public transport in Szeged is provided by Szeged Transport Ltd. ( Hungarian : Szegedi Közlekdési Társaság or SZKT ), owned by the municipal government, and Volánbusz , owned by the national government. Forming the backbone of SZKT's network are 5 tram lines and 6 trolleybus lines, which are supplemented by 38 bus lines. Hungarian State Railways operates regional and intercity trains, as well as international trains to Subotica . The most popular sport in
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1760-612: The case of monarchs and members of their families. For example, " Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom " becomes II. Erzsébet , and " Pope Benedict XVI " becomes XVI. Benedek pápa , but " Fidel Castro " is not changed. Before the 20th century, foreign names were often translated, for example, Jules Verne 's name was written as " Verne Gyula ", and a Hungarian pronunciation was used. Szeged Szeged ( / ˈ s ɛ ɡ ɛ d / SEG -ed , Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ; see also other alternative names )
1815-577: The castle still remains standing. During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of Louis the Great , Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King Sigismund of Luxembourg had
1870-474: The centre of the Carpathian Basin . The Hungarian frontier with Serbia is just outside the town. Szeged's climate is transitional between humid subtropical ( Köppen Cfa ) and humid continental (Köppen Dfa ), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation. Due to the high hours of sunlight reported annually, Szeged is often called City of Sunshine ( Napfény városa ). On 23 July 2022,
1925-590: The city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the Communist era ). Today's Szeged is an important university town and a tourist attraction. The Szeged Symphony Orchestra (Szegedi Szimfonikus Zenekar) gives regular concerts at the Szegedi Nemzeti Színház. Szeged is situated near the southern border of Hungary , just to the south of the mouth of the Maros River , on both banks of the Tisza River , nearly in
1980-555: The city is handball . The city has one well-known club the 2013–14 EHF Cup -winner SC Pick Szeged playing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . They play at the Pick Aréna , opened in 2021. The second most popular sport is football in the city. Szeged had several clubs playing in the top level Hungarian league, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . These are Szegedi AK , Szegedi Honvéd SE . The only currently operating club, Szeged 2011 play in
2035-511: The city were killed, In 1941, there were 4,161 Jews living in Szeged. After, March 19, 1944 German occupation , they were confined to a ghetto together with the Jews from surrounding villages. In June, 1944, the ghetto was liquidated. The Nazis murdered the larger part of the 8,500 and some were forced into forced labor in Strasshof Labor camp, Austria. Szeged was captured by Soviet troops of
2090-566: The city, but have production facilities there. The Hangár Expo and Conference Centre provides space for international exhibitions and conferences. Szeged is the most important transportation hub in the Southern Great Plain . Two motorways, M5 and M43 , lie along the city border. Through the M5 Motorway Szeged is connected to Kecskemét , Kiskunfélegyháza and Budapest to the north and to Subotica , Novi Sad and Belgrade in Serbia to
2145-555: The city: Partiscum ( Ancient Greek : Πάρτισκον ) . It is possible that Attila , king of the Huns had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King Béla III . In the second century AD there was a Roman trading post established on an island in the Tisza , and the foundations of the Szeged castle suggest that the structure may have been built over an even earlier fort. Today only one corner of
2200-560: The examples of Szendrey Júlia and Petőfi Sándor – Júlia and Sándor are their given names): The applicable law, which used to give substantially different sets of options to women and men, was declared sexist and unconstitutional. The ensuing amendment, in force since 2004, also lists options for men. Thus: Note that using opposing hyphenations (i.e. Szendrey-Petőfi Sándor and Petőfi-Szendrey Júlia) and exchanging names (i.e. Petőfi Sándor and Szendrey Júlia become Szendrey Sándor and Petőfi Júlia) are not allowed. Also, one can have
2255-594: The family name last). Hungarian is one of the few national languages in Europe to use the Eastern name order, like Chinese , Japanese , Korean , Vietnamese , Khmer and some Basque nationalists . Although Hungarian orthography is now simpler than it was in the 18th and the 19th centuries, many Hungarians still use the old spelling for their names. For example, the letter c is often written as cz . Letters such as q , w , x and y are usually seen only in foreign words but may also be seen in older spellings of names, especially in noble family names that originated in
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2310-857: The form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate which is needed for different kinds of physical experiments especially in the field of attosecond physics . It is also one of the main options for medical students who come from all around Europe to study Medicine in their recognized international campus. Ethnic groups (2001 census): Religions (2001 census): Szeged is one of the centres of food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika and companies like Pick Szeged , Sole-Mizo , Bonafarm etc. Other notable companies having their headquarters in Szeged are AMSY International , RRE – Szeged, Optiwella, Generál Printing House, RotaPack, Sanex Pro, Agroplanta, Karotin, Florin, Quadrotex and Szeplast. Others, like ContiTech , Duna-Dráva Cement , Szatmári Malom and Europe Match, are not based in
2365-436: The free royal town status in 1715. In 1719, Szeged received its coat of arms (still used today) from Charles III . During the next several years, Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. Szeged also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. These years brought not only prosperity but also enlightenment. Between 1728 and 1744 witch trials were frequent in
2420-498: The great flood of 1879, which wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor Franz Joseph visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise, and during the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets. After the First World War Hungary lost its southern territories to Serbia , as
2475-463: The official list, the newest edition of which is regularly published. Many recent additions are foreign names, but they must be spelled following Hungarian phonetics: Jennifer becomes Dzsenifer or Joe becomes Dzsó . Those who belong to an officially recognized minority in Hungary may also choose names from their own culture, and a register of given names maintained by the respective minority governance must be observed. If one or both parents of
2530-626: The parents from an official list of several thousand names (technically, one list for each gender). If the intended name is not on the list, the parents need to apply for approval. Applications are considered by the Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences following a set of principles. Thus, names are approved if they are not derogatory or overly diminutive, can be written and pronounced easily, can be recognised as either male or female etc. Approved names expand
2585-463: The plant was cultivated as an herb, and paprika as we know it. Szeged is also famous for their szekelygulyas , a goulash made with pork , sauerkraut and sour cream . And also famous for their halászlé , fish soup made of carp and catfish . The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . Lajos Kossuth delivered his famous speech here. Szeged
2640-556: The south. The M43 Motorway – which splits from the M5 Motorway near Szeged – connects the city via Makó to Arad and Timișoara in Romania . In addition, there are other roads running from the city to Makó and Nagylak (main road 43), to Röszke (main road 5), to Kiskunfélegyháza (main road 5), to Ásotthalom and Baja (main road 55) and to Hódmezővásárhely , Orosháza and Békéscsaba (main road 47). The Budapest-Szeged-rail line
2695-475: The town numbered about 13000 to 16000, while the number of the Serb inhabitants was 1300. The first printing press was established in 1801, and the old town hall and the civil hospital were built at the same time. Szeged is known as the home of paprika , a spice made from dried, powdered capsicum fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later
2750-501: The town, with the Szeged witch trials of 1728–29 perhaps being the largest. The witch trials were instigated by the authorities, who decided on this measure to remove the problem of the public complaints about the drought and its consequences of famine and epidemics by laying the responsibility on people among them, which had fraternized with the Devil. In 1720, the ethnic Hungarian population of
2805-409: The turn of the river Tisza that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word sziget which means "island". Others still contend that szeg means "dark blond" ( sötétszőkés ) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers Tisza and Maros merge. Szeged has a variety of names in languages other than Hungarian. These are usually formed by the addition of
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#17331052746212860-497: The woman should be called by others. ( Néni and bácsi , "aunt" and "uncle", are traditional polite forms to address older people, and, for children, to address all adults; it does not indicate a family relationship.) Some women who officially bear the -né form will nevertheless introduce themselves with their husband's family name and their own first name (in our example, Kovács Júlia or Kovácsné Júlia , rather than Kovács Jánosné ), to avoid confusion about how to address them. If
2915-557: The woman takes her husband's full name, the couple can easily be referred to in writing as Petőfi Sándor és neje (Sándor Petőfi and wife), equivalent to the English form "Mr. and Mrs. John Smith". This can be seen on older tombstones in Hungarian cemeteries. By law, children born as Hungarian citizens may bear no more than two surnames (most people have only one; those who have two may hyphenate them). They can also have only one or two given names (religious names not included since they are not official: see above). Given names may be chosen by
2970-565: Was briefly occupied by the Romanian army during Hungarian-Romanian War in 1919. It also became a center for right-wing forces which would install Miklós Horthy as the country's new leader after the overthrow of the Hungarian Soviet Republic . During the 1920s the Jewish population of Szeged grew and reached its zenith. Szeged suffered heavily during World War II . 6,000 inhabitants of
3025-460: Was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The Habsburg rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again; the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's Pick Salami Factory – was opened in 1869. Today the inner city of Szeged has wide avenues. This is mainly due to
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