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115-559: The company was founded in 1877 in Springfield, Ohio , by agricultural tool manufacturer P. P. Mast with a single magazine, Farm & Fireside ( later the Country Home ) , to sell farm tools and implements. By 1881, Mast had relinquished control to John S. Crowell who expanded the company by purchasing Home Companion (later changing the name to Woman's Home Companion ). After P. P. Mast's death in 1898, Crowell obtained control of

230-550: A 19-story office building built by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, another company with strong ties to Joseph P. Knapp, as the new headquarters for the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. in 1949, P.F. Collier and Son published Collier's Encyclopedia, an entirely new, 20 volume work, with the first volumes available in 1949 and all volumes published by 1951. With Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopædia Britannica , Collier’s Encyclopedia became one of

345-472: A 20% increase in the first quarter of 1959. Nevertheless, on April 2, 1959, the Crowell-Collier chairman fired Ryan and assumed personal direction of P.F. Collier and Son. Ryan's removal had significant consequences.  At a highly publicized April 1959 meeting with Crowell-Collier shareholders, the chairman proved unable to comment on any aspect of company operations. Ryan was soon hired as president of

460-473: A 21% increase in violent crime; from 618 per 100,000 persons to 750. Also during those years, occurrences of murder and non-negligent manslaughter steadily increased; from 5 to 7. In 2015, Springfield's violent crime reached a 14-year high, but this rate has since decreased. Springfield has a notably weakened economy due to many factors, but a key cause for degradation of the economy in Springfield has been

575-619: A Bachelor of Arts degree in 1892. He met his wife, Florence Haskell Corliss, at the 1890 Harvard commencement. He started working under the city editor for the New York Tribune two days after he graduated from Harvard in 1892. He married Florence on October 31, 1895 in Englewood, New Jersey. He also worked for the Albany Evening Journal , Boston Advertiser , Boston Herald , and New York Tribune , which paid only $ 25, while he

690-513: A Methodist minister, and Caroline Deuel Jayne. Since his father was a minister, they moved around Upstate New York a lot and they were not very wealthy. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1888, where he was editor of the school newspaper, The Exonian , as well as the school yearbook and literary magazine. He then attended Harvard College . At Harvard, he became first freshman editor of The Harvard Crimson , which helped him pay off some of his tuition. He graduated cum laude with

805-687: A Republican National Committeeman for Texas. Creager sought $ 500,000 in damages after an article titled "High-Handed and Hell-Bent" appeared in Collier's Weekly . The article by Owen P. White covered a political situation on the Mexican border in Hidalgo County. The jury returned a verdict for Crowell Publishing. In 1939, Crowell Publishing merged the New York operations and changed the company name to The Crowell-Collier Publishing Co. That same year, The Country Home

920-627: A bequest established the Lamont Poetry Prize . Lamont died in Boca Grande, Florida , in 1948. In 1895, Lamont married Florence Haskell Corliss. Born Englewood, NJ in 1873, Florence graduated from Smith College in 1893 and received an M.A. in Philosophy from Columbia University. Thomas and Florence had 4 children. Their son Corliss was a philosophy professor at Columbia University and an avowed socialist . Another son, Thomas Stilwell Lamont,

1035-459: A black man accused of killing police officer Charles B. Collis. Dixon was shot to death and then hanged from a pole on the corner of Fountain and Main Street, where the mob shot his body numerous times. From there, the mob rioted through the town, destroying and burning much of the black area. The events were covered by national newspapers and provoked outrage. On February 26, 1906, an altercation between

1150-529: A bulk shipment. Buyers were subjected to repeated mailings of bills. Crowell responded that they had already discontinued The Harvard Classics "continuity" program and that any "isolated" occurrences or procedures had been changed. For the encyclopedias, Crowell was accused of raising the price on Encyclopedia annual supplements called Yearbooks. They were also accused of advertising positions for encyclopedia salesman as "administrative assistant trainees" and "marketing and public relations personnel". Crowell issued

1265-455: A civil-military airport, is 6.6 miles south of Springfield, between US 68 and Ohio Route 72. The closest airport with commercial passenger flights is Dayton International Airport , 27.2 miles to the west. Thomas W. Lamont Thomas William Lamont Jr. (September 30, 1870 – February 2, 1948) was an American banker . Lamont was born in Claverack, New York . His parents were Thomas Lamont,

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1380-526: A day. City Hall and several municipal and county buildings were closed for one or more days. Two hospitals were locked down for part of a day. Two local colleges moved classes online for one or more days. The episode drew national and international attention to Springfield. Haitian Americans in Springfield have faced race-based attacks due to these claims. After Donald Trump won the 2024 United States presidential election , some Haitians expressed an interest in moving out of Springfield. According to

1495-628: A debt repayment moratorium in the 1931 financial crisis. This also has important implications for later events such as his 1932 election campaign. Lamont was elected to both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society in 1932. Lamont later undertook a semiofficial mission to Japan in 1920 to protect American financial issues in Asia. However, he did not aggressively challenge Japanese efforts to build

1610-525: A developer of complete educational systems." That system was a "unified instructional package involving a variety of tools." and "the business of education has become a successor to the defense industry. It is a security lifeline." Crowell would end the decade as Crowell Collier & Macmillan, a highly indebted conglomeration of subsidiaries that included books, schools, magazines, educational tools, bookstores, book clubs and radio stations and with an annual revenue of $ 390 million. But, as one analyst wrote of

1725-576: A former editor of the San Francisco Chronicle , Paul C. Smith, as its president, and later, as chairman, with a mission to save the ailing magazines. Nevertheless, in 1956, Crowell-Collier's magazines lost over $ 7 million. By December 1956, the company discontinued The American Magazine , Collier's , and Woman's Home Companion . The company also closed its Springfield, Ohio plant, which at one point had employed more than 2,000 people. The magazine closings shocked both publishers and readers. Many in

1840-667: A fortune, notably by funding the building of Lamont Library . At the end of World War II , Lamont made a very substantial donation toward restoring Canterbury Cathedral in England . His widow, Florence Haskell Corliss donated Torrey Cliff, their weekend residence overlooking the Hudson River in Palisades, New York , to Columbia University . It is now the site of the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory . Upon Florence's death,

1955-421: A large educational company with subsidiaries for books, textbooks, correspondence schools and other educational tools and materials. The company officially changed its name to Macmillan, Inc. in 1973. The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company had its roots in the agricultural trade of the 19th century. Industrialist Phineas P. Mast, the owner of P. P. Mast, manufactured farm and agricultural tools, and he wanted

2070-401: A lawsuit against National Home Study Council of Washington which was a private accrediting agency. The suit said that National Home was a monopoly and had denied re-accreditation to the U.S. School of Music, Inc. and La Salle Extension University . By 1969, Crowell made 22% of its revenue from La Salle Extension University, Berlitz, and Katharine Gibbs. The lawsuit settled but at the same time,

2185-530: A magazine man whose business had been severely impacted, the Periodical Clearing House was organized by law clerks and employees of the magazines. Wood claimed that ruinous fines had impacted his ability to sell subscriptions. At the same time libraries in the Central Western and Western states complained that the clearing house caused the cessation of club rates on magazines to libraries. In 1919,

2300-494: A magazine to promote his products. Mast made wind engines, pumps , plows and mowers in Springfield, Ohio . Mast hired John S. Crowell away from the successful Home and Farm of Louisville in 1877 to manage the new bi-monthly farm journal called Farm & Fireside . By the 1890s, Farm & Fireside maintained a circulation of over half a million. Mast relinquished his role as acting executive in 1879, but he stayed on as an investor. Crowell along with T.J. Kirkpatrick (who

2415-674: A mission to the Allies, led by Edward M. House , as requested by President Woodrow Wilson . Lamont not only advised the other countries but also went to them. Right before he was going to go to Europe, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia. He and the head of the American Red Cross, William B. Thompson , along with the approval of the British prime minister, Lloyd George, tried to convince America to aid

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2530-601: A missionary" for Italian fascism , secured a $ 100 million loan for Benito Mussolini . Despite his early support, Lamont believed the Second Italo-Abyssinian War begun in 1935 was outrageous. On September 20, 1940, the fascist police shocked Lamont by arresting Giovanni Fummi, J.P. Morgan & Co. 's leading representative in Italy. Lamont worked to secure Fummi's release. Fummi was released on October 1 and went to Switzerland . On Black Thursday in 1929, Lamont

2645-471: A mountain of debt, amounting to $ 75 million in 1973, and interest on the debt proved a heavy burden. Since 1909 (vols 1–25) and 1910 (vols 26–50) P.F. Collier and Son had published the 50-volume Harvard Classics (expanded to 51 volumes in 1914), an anthology of classic and world literature. The company continued to publish the Harvard Classics and expanded its line of encyclopedias by beginning work on

2760-500: A new building on 866 3rd Avenue called the Crowell Collier & Macmillan building. By the start of the 1970s, Crowell Collier & Macmillan was now a $ 400 million multinational producer of books and educational materials. Crowell Collier & Macmillan decided to change the name of the company to Macmillan, Inc . First, though, they encountered a legal battle over the name with Macmillan Publishers Ltd. of London—who had spun-off

2875-460: A new multi-volume set on social sciences . In 1969, The Federal Trade Commission ordered the company to stop deceptive sales of Collier's Encyclopedia . The agency charged the company with "Implying through promotional literature and door-to-door salesmen that a set of the encyclopedias would be given free or at a reduced price if yearly supplements were purchased." In 1960, Crowell began to expand further into general book markets. Collier Books,

2990-662: A paved rail-trail that is nearly 80 miles long, extends from the Buck Creek Scenic Trail head in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio . Buck Creek State Park and its Clarence J. Brown reservoir are located at the city limits. The original pre-contact inhabitants of Springfield were the Shawnee people . During the 18th century, the Ohio Country saw warfare, waves of migration and displacement, and imposition of claims by rivaling colonial powers France and Britain . With

3105-509: A purchase of book clubs and retail bookstores. In the same year, they purchased 16 Brentano's bookstores. At the time bookstores were heavily competing with department stores and discount houses offering reduced rates for bestsellers. By 1967, the Brentano's chain had grown to 21 stores and had sales of $ 7 million. In 1962, Crowell-Collier Publishing Company created a new division called Crowell-Collier Educational Corporation. The educational arm

3220-567: A reference to the Champion Farm Equipment brand. Champion was manufactured by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company, absorbed into International Harvester in 1902. International Harvester , a manufacturer of farm machinery and later trucks, became the leading local industry after 1856, when Springfield native William Whiteley invented a self-raking reaper and mower. In 1877, P. P. Mast started Farm & Fireside magazine to promote

3335-614: A report of Haitians stealing geese, for which neither law enforcement officials nor the Ohio Department of Natural Resources found any evidence or suspects. Soon thereafter, a rumor about Haitian immigrants abducting and eating pets in Springfield went viral. Springfield authorities debunked the rumor. The claims were amplified by JD Vance , a U.S. senator from Ohio and Republican vice-presidential nominee, other Republican politicians, and right-wing commentators. On Sept. 10, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump amplified

3450-579: A school bus, killing one child and injuring 23 others. In mid-2024, local politicians asked for federal assistance to fund an unexpected increased use of city services and to help with housing issues caused by the population increase. Community organizations have hired significant numbers of Haitian Creole translators. In 2024, the city drew international attention over baseless claims about local Haitian immigrants , leading to dozens of bomb threats that forced school evacuations, government office closures, and other disruptions. On August 26, police received

3565-447: A similar paper that had been published in Boston , and merged it with their youth-oriented publication Our Young People . They then changed the name of the three merged periodicals back to the title Home Companion , a general family magazine. By 1890 the magazine's subscription had reached 100,000. The Companion had a number of names but was changed to Woman's Home Companion in 1896. By

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3680-564: A sphere of influence in Manchuria ; indeed, he supported Japan's non-militaristic politics until late into the 1930s. Ron Chernow won the National Book Award for his book The House of Morgan in which he claimed that Lamont had authored the infamous Japanese response to deceive the world about the Mukden incident , which was used as a pretext for Japan's invasion of Manchuria. That defied

3795-457: A sprawling two-story stucco and concrete house, has all the features of Wright's "prairie style", including horizontal lines, low-pitched roof, and broad eaves. Wright became world-renowned, and this is his only prairie-style house in the state of Ohio. In 2000, the property was purchased by the Chicago -based Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. As part of a prearranged plan, the house was sold to

3910-468: A statement disavowing any violations but agreed to negotiate a consent order. Martin Gardner protesting Crowell-Collier's publishing of the psychic surgeon John G. Fuller 's book Arigo withdrew publication of his own (Gardner) book. Springfield, Ohio Springfield is a city in and the county seat of Clark County, Ohio , United States. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and

4025-630: A subsidiary CCM magazines based in Greenwich, Conn. Crowell-Collier Broadcasting operated radio stations in Los Angeles ( KFWB ), San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose ( KEWB ) and Minneapolis-St. Paul ( KDWB ). In 1969 Crowell-Collier purchased the Gump's store in San Francisco. Crowell-Collier purchased C.G. Conn a manufacturer of musical instruments in 1968. In 1966 the company consolidated 1400 employees into

4140-564: A subsidiary of Grolier Incorporated , publisher of the Encyclopedia Americana . Numerous sales and administrative managers quit P.F. Collier and Son to join Ryan. In December 1960, Crowell-Collier merged with P.F. Collier and Son, ending the weakened subsidiary's 85-year existence. Crowell-Collier assumed the liquidated firm's publishing, editorial, and highly profitable sales financing activities.  A new subsidiary, P.F. Collier, Inc.,

4255-553: A weekend supplement for papers such as The Providence Journal and the Kansas City Star . In 1969 Crowell Collier & Macmillan went back to publishing magazines but with a focus on education. They acquired six magazines including Grade Teacher , the Catholic School Journal , Industrial Arts and Vocational Education , College Management , School Management and Business Management . These magazines made up

4370-498: A white man and a black man resulted in another riot. The rioters burned down much of the Levee, a predominantly black neighborhood located in a flood-prone area near the river. Nearly 100 people were left homeless. The final riot took place in 1921. Despite The New York Times reports that 14 people killed, there was in fact little to no actual rioting. From 1916 to 1926, 10 automobile companies operated in Springfield. Among them were

4485-404: A year, including popular and serious literature, reference books, and encyclopedias.[5] P.F. Collier and Son was a pioneer in the subscription book business, whereby the company made it possible for customers of modest means to acquire fine literature and reference books, and pay over time with small monthly payments. Crowell Publishing operated P.F. Collier and Son as a subsidiary.   By 1924,

4600-469: Is Rob Rue , who was sworn in January 2024. He succeeded Warren Copeland, who had been mayor of the city since 1998. The City of Springfield operates as a council-manager form of government, with an elected City Commission operating with an appointed City Manager. The Springfield City Commission is composed of the mayor and four city commissioners, all serving four-year terms. Commissioners must be residents of

4715-520: Is a private liberal arts college founded in Springfield in 1845. Associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , its student body consists of roughly 1,300 full-time students. The university has a 114-acre campus and offers more than seventy majors. Wittenberg has more than 150 campus organizations, which include ten national fraternities and sororities. The WUSO radio station

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4830-499: Is locally operated or programmed. WIZE broadcasts iHeart's Black Information Network ; WULM, Catholic programming from KJMJ-AM in Alexandria, Lousiana. Ohio State Route 72 runs north-south through downtown Springfield. U.S. Highway 40 runs east-west through the downtown. U.S. Highway 68 runs north-south on the west edge of the city. Interstate 70 runs east-west to the south of the city. Springfield–Beckley Municipal Airport ,

4945-498: Is operated on the campus. The city is also home to Clark State College , which offers associate's and bachelor's degrees. The Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program opened in 1962 and began to offer technical training for residents of Springfield and surrounding communities, and was chartered as the Clark County Technical Institute on February 18, 1966, Ohio's first technical college sanctioned by

5060-465: Is situated on the Mad River , Buck Creek, and Beaver Creek, about 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton . As of the 2020 census , the city had a total population of 58,662, while the Springfield metropolitan area had a population of 136,001 residents. Springfield is home to Wittenberg University , a liberal arts college. The Little Miami Scenic Trail ,

5175-555: The La Salle Extension University —a correspondence school. In 1965 Crowell Collier & Macmillan, Inc. purchased Berlitz Schools of Languages of America, Inc.and Berlitz Publications for $ 5 million. Crowell purchased Katherine Gibbs School, Inc. a secretarial school. It also attempted to acquire Famous Artists Schools, Inc . a writing and art correspondence school by purchasing 25% of shares which it later sold to institutional investors in 1968. In 1969, Crowell filed

5290-608: The Ohio Board of Regents . The Clark County Public Library operates three public libraries within the city of Springfield. The city is served by one daily newspaper, the Springfield News-Sun . The Wittenberg Torch is the newspaper of Wittenberg University. WEEC-FM radio, featuring Christian -based programming, is located in the city. Two AM radio stations are licensed to Springfield— WIZE 1340, owned by iHeart Media , and WULM 1600 , licensed to Radio Maria —but neither

5405-474: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 25.50 square miles (66.04 km ), of which, 25.29 square miles (65.50 km ) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km ) is water. The Clarence J. Brown Reservoir is located on the northeast outskirts of Springfield. Springfield experiences a humid continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. As of the 2000 census,

5520-785: The Western theater of the American Revolutionary War , the area saw a major battle that pitted the Americans against the Shawnee and their indigenous allies. The Shawnees had formed an alliance with the British and the Lenape , the Wyandot , and the Mingo , refugees from warfare and displacements elsewhere, and had been raiding into Kentucky with the aim of driving out American settlers. On August 8, 1780, Piqua

5635-463: The "unhappiest city" in the country. Its 27% decrease in median income between 1999 and 2014 was the largest of any metropolitan area in the country. By 2020, the population had declined to 58,662, down more than one-quarter from its peak. By the mid-2010s, city leaders began revitalization of the downtown area, including residential housing, a parking garage and demolition of decayed structures. New downtown structures built since 2000 include

5750-461: The 1890s, Farm & Fireside was also publishing regional editions of the periodical. After the death of P. P. Mast in 1898, the company changed its name to Crowell and Kirkpatrick Publishers. As the 20th century began, the company changed hands again and moved into mainstream magazine publishing. P. P. Mast died in 1898 (leaving an estate of a million and a half dollars). In 1902, John S. Crowell obtained Kirkpatrick's interests and established it as

5865-711: The 1950s, rising from 46,374 sets in 1953 to 110,688 sets in 1957. In 1956, John G. Ryan reported a net profit of 20% of on $ 25 million in sales revenue. supplying the revenue that kept Crowell-Collier solvent as it suffered huge losses from its failing magazine business. In 1957, outside investors seized full control of Crowell-Collier and installed a new chairman, a paper bag company executive with no prior publishing experience. He pressured P.F. Collier and Son to loosen its sales practices and customer credit standards, and to cut Collier’s Encyclopedia’s editorial budget. John G. Ryan demurred at abandoning his successful business model and continued generating record profits, including

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5980-535: The Bolsheviks so that Russia would stay in the war. However, they were unsuccessful. Both he and Norman H. Davis were appointed as representatives of the Treasury Department to the Paris Peace Conference and had to determine what Germany had to pay in reparations. He participated in the committees that drew up the 1924 Dawes Plan and the 1929 Young Plan to reduce the amount paid by Germany. In

6095-518: The Bramwell, Brenning, Foos, Frayer-Miller, Kelly Steam, Russell-Springfield, and Westcott. The Westcott, known as "the car built to last", was a six-cylinder four-door sedan manufactured by Burton J. Westcott of the Westcott Motor Car Company . In 1908, Westcott and his wife Orpha commissioned architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design their home at 1340 East High Street. The Westcott House ,

6210-563: The British Macmillan subsidiary, Macmillan of Canada ). The British Macmillan stated that the name had already been causing confusion with the public resulting in misdirected book orders and the fear that the American company was planning to use the name to compete unfairly in markets where the British company was active. The case cited the Lanham Act , the trademark act of 1946. This was not

6325-595: The Crowell Publishing Company bought the P.F. Collier and Son publishing firm. This acquisition included the general interest magazine, Collier's the National Weekly , and P.F. Collier's well-established book publishing business. 11] Collier's the National Weekly had roots in muckraking journalism and had one of the largest magazine subscriber bases, with around one million weekly subscriptions.[5] P.F. Collier's book-publishing arm published six million books

6440-462: The Crowell Publishing Company, had founded Publication Corporation as American Lithograph Company in 1891. The Publication had also been a principal stockholder of Crowell-Collier—owning 24% at one point. The goal for the merger was to distribute periodicals efficiently in the education market. By 1969, Crowell made the decision to shut down the This Week magazine which had a circulation of 9 million as

6555-581: The Crowell Publishing Company. In 1906, Crowell turned around and sold his interest in the company to Joseph P. Knapp and George Hazen of New York , who incorporated in New Jersey and kept the name Crowell Publishing Company. The new company maintained offices in New York City in addition to Springfield, Ohio . Crowell Publishing Company lost a 1908 appeal before the Board of United States General Appraisers and

6670-681: The Global Impact STEM Academy, an early-college middle school and high school certified in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics curriculum founded in 2013. Parts of northern Springfield are served by in Northeastern Local School District and Northwestern Local School District. Portions to the west, south, and southeast are in Clark-Shawnee Local School District. Wittenberg University

6785-690: The Ohio Valley Surgical Hospital, Springfield Regional Medical Center, Mother Stewart's Brewing Company, and the Chiller Ice Arena. As of 2018, the economic recovery enjoyed by larger cities since the Great Recession had not included Springfield, despite efforts by local politicians and business organizations. In 2021, the Upper Valley Mall , which had operated as the city's retail hub since 1971, permanently closed. In 2014,

6900-547: The Westcott House Foundation, a newly formed group that managed an extensive 5-year, $ 5.8 million restoration, completed in October 2005. The house is now open to the public for guided tours. Crowell-Collier Publishing, a longtime pillar of local employment, closed its magazines in 1957 and sold its Springfield printing plant. The city population peaked at more than 82,000 in the 1960 census. In 1966, Robert C. Henry

7015-406: The city began the "Welcome Springfield" initiative to attract immigrants in an attempt to improve the local economy. About four years later, Haitian immigrants fleeing their country's deepening crisis began to arrive. By 2024, an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 Haitian immigrants had settled in the city. The vast majority later received temporary protected status , which allows them to work without

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7130-576: The city both one year prior and during their terms. As of 2024, the commissioners are David Estrop, Krystal Brown, Bridget Houston and Tracy Tackett. Most of Springfield's residents are served by the Springfield City School District , which enrolls about 7,000 students in public elementary and secondary schools. The district operates 14 schools—ten elementary, three middle, and one high school, Springfield High School —and one alternative school. Other schools in Springfield include

7245-500: The claims during his presidential debate with Kamala Harris . Over the following week, Trump repeated and embellished his lies, adding a vow to mass-deport "migrants" from Springfield. Meanwhile, unknown perpetrators began making dozens of bomb threats to Springfield schools, city officials and employees, and municipal offices, forcing several days of evacuations, lockdowns, closures, and cancellations. Five schools were evacuated during their school days, and two more closed for

7360-481: The company and established it as the Crowell Publishing Company. Crowell Publishing expanded its magazine holdings with The American Magazine in 1911 and the weekly Collier's in 1919. At one point Collier's weekly had over 1.25 million subscribers. After shuttering the magazine operations in 1956, the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company merged with the American Macmillan Company in 1960 and became

7475-405: The company published a new, 24-volume edition of Collier's Encyclopedia . In December 1959, Crowell-Collier acquired 29 percent of Macmillan Company which published fiction , non-fiction , textbooks , reference books , religious books and children's books . By August 1960, Crowell-Collier held a 52.8 percent interest in Macmillan, and on December 30, 1960, the companies merged. Macmillan

7590-410: The company, “it takes one kind of talent to buy everything in sight with easy money and another kind to operate the creation when the financial momentum shifts into reverse.” Prodded by Armand G. Erpf and other investment advisors, Crowell Collier & Macmillan's management had the talent to buy businesses, but questionable skill at operating them.  When profits from encyclopedia sales ebbed in

7705-516: The control of interests, and in each of them the muckraking features will cease. Muckraking, in spite of its name, is a power in this country, standing as it does to promote good citizenship." However, a second New York Times article about the acquisition stated that writers such as Ida Tarbell , Peter F. Dunne, and William Allen White were pleased with the opportunity. A spokesman from Phillips said that "...instead of reaching 300,000 readers, we can now reach 3,000,000 readers through our new allies in

7820-449: The crash at prices premium to actual market value. Politicians, including Calvin Coolidge , and family members of prominent bankers, were on the list. Following the reorganization of J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1943, Lamont was elected chairman of the board of directors, after Morgan Jr. died, becoming the first non Morgan after George Peabody to chair the bank. Lamont became a generous benefactor of Harvard and Exeter once he had amassed

7935-453: The decline in manufacturing jobs. Between 1999 and 2014, Springfield saw the median income decrease by 27 percent, compared to just 8 percent across the country. In the 1990s, Springfield lost 22,000 blue collar jobs, which were the backbone of the city economy. Today, Springfield largely relies on healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, leisure, education, financial institutions, and retail for employment. The current mayor of Springfield

8050-472: The early 1970s, the highly leveraged conglomerate was in trouble.  In 1973, Macmillan, with its traditional business, domestic publishing, amounting to only 25% of revenues, reported a profit of a mere $ 16.7 million on $ 420 million in sales.  By comparison, the company's former profit center, P.F. Collier and Son, had managed over $ 5 million in profit in 1956 on sales of just $ 25 million. Crowell Collier & Macmillan had financed its 1960s expansion with

8165-466: The end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the British became the sole European claimants of the region. The area was home to the major Shawnee village in the region, called Peckuwe or Piqua. It belonged to the Shawnee septs (sub-clans) of Pekowi and Kispoko and had a population of about 3,000. It stood at 39° 54.5′ N, 83° 54.68′ W, less than four miles southwest of the current city of Springfield and less than six miles from its center. During

8280-491: The entire mail-order schooling came under fire from the New York Times for dubious practices including "overblown advertising, fast talking salesmen, questionable instruction and marginal results." In 1968 the company merged with Publication Corporation , a leading printer of Sunday magazines for newspapers and the publisher of This Week magazine . The companies had a shared history— Joseph P. Knapp , who had helped develop

8395-575: The expressed position of US government and the League of Nations that Japan, not China, was the aggressor. Lamont was the chairman of the International Committee of Bankers on Mexico for which he successfully negotiated the De la Huerta-Lamont Treaty . He continued to chair the committee into the 1940s by a series of renegotiations of Mexico's foreign debt. In 1926, Lamont, self-described as "something like

8510-450: The fear of deportation, due to the crisis in Haiti . Many were drawn by jobs with Springfield's growing manufacturing sector, which includes companies such as Topre , Silfex, and McGregor Metal. The influx of Haitians triggered an increase in anti-immigrant sentiment among existing residents. In August 2023, tensions were aggravated when an improperly licensed Haitian driver crashed into

8625-523: The following Thursday. In an attempt to stop the panic, Lamont organized Wall Street firms to inject confidence back into the stock market through massive purchases of blue chip stocks. The effort failed, and stocks ultimately lost a quarter of their value that week. After the crash unfolded, the Senate Banking Committee found that J.P. Morgan (headed by Lamont), had maintained a "preferential stock list", to allow for liquidation of stocks during

8740-519: The four professional level book clubs, two others aimed at young adults including the Young Adults' Division and Junior Scientists Division of the Library of Science were also a part of the acquisition. Crowell-Collier later that same year turned around and sold the toy manufacturing arm of Scientific Materials, Inc. to Allis-Chalmers manufacturing In 1962, Crowell made another push into the book market with

8855-705: The interwar period, he was a spokesman for J.P. Morgan because J.P. Morgan Jr. was retiring. He handled the press and defended the firm during hearings like those of Arsene Pujo that investigated powerful Wall Street bankers. He was one of the most important agents for the Morgan investments abroad. A member of the Council of Foreign Relations , he was an unofficial advisor to the Wilson, Herbert Hoover , and Franklin Roosevelt administrations. Hoover contacted Lamont about his proposal for

8970-455: The magazine field deemed it "a foolish and impetuous move", but as the company moved to focus on publishing books and educational materials, the move was seen as shrewd and far-visioned. Even as Crowell-Collier closed its magazines, Collier's Encyclopedia was proving highly profitable for P.F. Collier and Son. Under the leadership of P.F. Collier and Son's president, John G. Ryan , sales of Collier’s Encyclopedia increased substantially during

9085-409: The majority of Macmillan's sales came from textbooks and for Macmillan the merger meant access to cash and capital to grow their textbook market. Crowell-Collier ran Macmillan as a subsidiary but in 1965 Crowell-Collier officially changed its name to Crowell Collier & Macmillan, Inc. Publishing was dropped from the company name to reflect its broadened scope into education. The merger with Macmillan

9200-411: The median income for a household in the city was $ 32,193, and the median income for a family was $ 39,890. Males had a median income of $ 32,027 versus $ 23,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,660. 16.9% of the population and 13.5% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 23.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older were living below

9315-515: The muckrakers..." They pointed to the fact that one of the heavy stockholders in the Crowell firm was Thomas W. Lamont who was also a partner of the newly formed J. P. Morgan & Company . Cleveland Moffett , a known muckraking journalist was quoted, "...we are up against the powers of darkness. The right of free speech in America is in jeopardy. They are trying to muzzle the magazines. Several magazines have changed hands recently. They have come under

9430-719: The only legal battle that the now Macmillan, Inc. faced at the start of the seventies. Macmillan sued Charles F. Berlitz, grandson of the founder of Berlitz to prohibit him from using the Berlitz name in travel and writing businesses. Berlitz won the lawsuit and was awarded $ 376,000 and the right to use his name as an author of books on foreign languages. The Justice Department filed a civil anti-trust suit against Crowell, Collier & Macmillan, Inc. in 1970 and requested that it divest itself from C.G. Conn, Ltd (a manufacturer and retailer of musical instruments) and Uniforms by Ostwald, Inc. (manufacturer and retailer of band uniforms). Crowell-Collier

9545-546: The original American Macmillan in 1896 and sold its stake in 1951. For the name to take effect on January 1, 1973, the companies agreed to some conditions including the American company using Crowell-Collier or another name to distinguish the businesses in which the British Macmillan operated (as an example, the Canadian division of the American Macmillan assumed the legal name of Collier Macmillan Canada, to disambiguate it from

9660-469: The paperback division of Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, began publishing in October 1961 at the rate of 50 paperback titles a month. The list included scholarly books, nonfiction and fiction reprints and original works. Crowell-Collier Press was a hardcover publisher started in 1962 with a focus on adult nonfiction and children's books. The children's series, the Modern Masters Books for Children,

9775-445: The population. There were 24,459 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no spouse present, 5.9% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 41.1% were non-families. Of all households, 34.1% were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

9890-523: The poverty line. As of the 2010 census , there were 60,608 people, 24,459 households, and 14,399 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,693.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,040.0/km ). There were 28,437 housing units at an average density of 1,263.9 per square mile (488.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 75.2% White , 18.1% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , nil% Pacific Islander , and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of

10005-496: The prodding of Loeb, Rhoades & Co. senior partner, and Crowell-Collier director, Armand G. Erpf , Crowell-Collier used its encyclopedia sales earnings for a program of mergers and acquisitions. Leaving behind its roots in magazine publishing, it now focused on the growing market for education produced by the baby boom in the United States. Sales continued to surge for reference books , textbooks , and encyclopedias In 1962,

10120-482: The products of his agricultural equipment company. His publishing company, known as Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick, eventually developed as the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company , best known for publishing Collier's Weekly . International Harvester and Crowell-Collier Publishing would be the city's major employers throughout most of the next century. In 1894, The Kelly Springfield Tire Company

10235-464: The publication field. We ourselves were afraid the Trusts were behind the proposition before we looked into it, but all the magazines we affiliate with are insurgent like ourselves, and controlled by persons of insurgent sympathies." That same year, several magazine publishers including Crowell were accused of conspiring to keep up magazine prices through the Periodical Clearing House. According to John Wood,

10350-471: The road to veer south after Springfield, but President Andrew Jackson , who took office in 1829, decided to push the road straight west to Richmond, Indiana . During the mid-and-late 19th century, the manufacturing industry began to flourish in Springfield. Industrialists included Oliver S. Kelly, James Leffel, P. P. Mast, Benjamin H. Warder , and Asa S. Bushnell , who built the self-named Bushnell Building. Springfield became known as "The Champion City",

10465-539: The superintendent of schools for Springfield Township in Clark County, established a "Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Club". About 85 children, 10 to 15 years of age, attended the first meeting on January 15, 1902, in Springfield, in the basement of the Clark County Courthouse. This was the start of what would soon be called the " 4-H Club "; it expanded to become a nationwide organization at a time when agriculture

10580-448: The three major English-language general encyclopedias. In the late 1940s and up to the mid-1950s, Crowell-Collier's magazines enjoyed healthy subscription numbers, over 4 million subscribers for both Collier’s and Woman’s Home Companion .  However, declining advertising revenues, as advertisers moved from magazines to television, and increased manufacturing and delivery costs, led to heavy losses.  In 1953, Crowell-Collier named

10695-469: The weekly circulation of Collier's had grown to 1,250,000. Crowell moved its print operations to Springfield, Ohio, because of "excessive postage involved in mailing from a seaboard city under wartime postal rates". The editorial and business departments remained in New York. In 1930 Farm & Fireside magazine changed its name to The Country Home . Also in 1930, the Crowell Publishing Company and P. F. Collier and Sons were sued for libel by R.B. Creager,

10810-407: Was 2.38, and the average family size was 3.01. In the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. From 2012 through 2014, the city experienced

10925-556: Was Mast's nephew) then changed the name of the publishing house to Mast, Crowell and Kirkpatrick Publishers. The publishers soon expanded from the one magazine into other markets. They constructed the Farm and Fireside building in Springfield, Ohio, in 1881. In 1883, they purchased the Home Companion magazine from a Harvey & Finn of Cleveland, Ohio to meet the growing demand for content aimed at women. They bought Youth's Home Library ,

11040-453: Was a mainstay of the economy in many regions. The first projects included food preservation, gardening, and elementary agriculture. Today, a historical marker exists at the Clark County courthouse, and the Library of Congress officially recognized the birthplace in 2023. On March 7, 1904, over a thousand white residents formed a lynch mob , stormed the jail, and removed prisoner Richard Dixon,

11155-522: Was acting head of J.P. Morgan & Co. Five days prior to the Crash, President Herbert Hoover had contacted Lamont with concerns about the rampant market manipulation by Wall Street insiders, and the systemic risk it presented to the stock market. Lamont reassured the President that there was no cause for concern, and no need for government intervention, saying "The future appears brilliant!" The market crashed

11270-540: Was also under fire by the FTC again in 1972 and accused of using deceptive practices in selling its The Harvard Classics and in billing encyclopedia buyers and also in recruiting of encyclopedia salesmen. Of The Harvard Classics , the FTC stated that while the company marketed that one or several volumes were offered free or for $ 1 each "with the understanding that additional volumes priced at $ 3.98 would be shipped periodically for free examination", many volumes would be shipped in

11385-440: Was an advertising agency that worked for food corporations. The company was in a bad financial status, but Lamont fixed it, and the company changed its name to Lamont, Corliss, and Company. He was partners with his brother-in-law, Corliss. His banking caught the attention of banker Henry P. Davison, who asked Thomas to join the new Bankers Trust . He started as secretary and treasurer and then moved up to being Vice President and then

11500-499: Was appointed by the city commission as mayor , making him the first black mayor of an Ohio city. In 1983, Newsweek called Springfield one of America's "dream cities". But the issue, which marked the magazine's 50th anniversary issue, concluded that "The American Dream" was in decline. The decline in manufacturing and other blue-collar industries in the United States in the late 20th and early 21st centuries hit Springfield especially hard. In 2011, Gallup called Springfield

11615-666: Was assessed countervailing duties on paper imported from Canada. Crowell Publishing acquired The American Magazine in 1911 from the Phillips Publishing Company. The magazine had muckraking roots but with the decline of muckraking journalism it had turned into a general interest magazine. However, an article in the New York Times noted that "the purchase of the American Magazine by Crowell Publishing Company meant that 'the interests' were bent on swallowing up

11730-456: Was at Harvard. At the Tribune , he received many promotions, including night editor and helping the financial editor, which gave him his first taste of the financial world. He left journalism because of the low pay and went into business. He began working in business for Cushman Bros., which later became Lamont, Corliss, and Company, and turned it into a successful importing and marketing firm. It

11845-547: Was attacked by American soldiers under the command of General George Rogers Clark . It was a ferocious battle that ended with the destruction of the Shawnee village and the exodus of its inhabitants. Clark's men spent two days burning as much as 500 acres of corn surrounding the village. Tecumseh , the Shawnee chief and warrior who later took part in the war of resistance against the U.S. and its expansionist settlement policy, lived in Piqua from 1777 until 1780. The Springfield area

11960-463: Was chosen by the legislature over the village of New Boston as the county seat, winning by two votes. Early growth in Springfield was stimulated by federal construction of the National Road , which was extended to the city in 1838. For about a decade thereafter, Springfield served as the western terminus while politicians wrangled over its future route. Representatives of Dayton and Eaton wanted

12075-477: Was created to develop instructional and reference materials as well as teaching aids for us in schools, colleges, adult education, business, and industrial training and home study. Other acquisitions included the following: Vocational training became big business in the 1960s as companies attempted fill a void between a high school diploma and college degrees and Crowell-Collier made significant acquisitions expanding into this market. In 1960, Crowell purchased

12190-554: Was discontinued. In 1940, the FTC charged the publishing company and its officers and directors of the corporation with misleading sale methods and representations. During World War II , Crowell-Collier sponsored publication of a magazine for servicemen called Victory . In 1946, the Vanderbilt mansion at 640 Fifth Avenue at Fifty-First Street in New York City was razed and replaced with

12305-505: Was edited by anthologist Louis Untermeyer and included picture books by Robert Graves ( The Big Green Book ), Shirley Jackson ( 9 Magic Wishes ) and Phyllis McGinley ( The B Book ). The books were created using a controlled vocabulary of fewer than 800 words created by elementary educators. In 1962, Crowell also purchased book club distributor Scientific Materials, Inc., which included Library of Science, Science Book Club, Natural History Book Club, and Basic Book Service. In addition to

12420-419: Was followed by a flurry of other mergers and acquisitions, all money makers for Loeb, Rhoades & Co. Of Crowell-Collier's acquisitions, Erpf proclaimed, “My main interest is Loeb, Rhoades. After all, everything starts from there.”  Crowell-Collier's corporate strategy remained less clearly defined. Raymond C. Hagel, who became Crowell-Collier's chairman in 1964, said, "We envision our major role as that of

12535-515: Was formed, but solely as a sales organization. P.F. Collier, Inc. expanded sales of Collier’s Encyclopedia during the 1960s, but deceptive sales practices, encouraged by the Crowell-Collier chairman, ultimately led to a Federal Trade Commission complaint against the company, and crippling regulatory restrictions on its door-to-door encyclopedia sales. With profits from sales of Collier’s Encyclopedia enabling Crowell-Collier to recover financially from its magazine losses, new opportunities arose. Under

12650-717: Was founded in the city. Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr. , patent attorney to the Wright Brothers , wrote the 1904 patent to their invention of the airplane at the Bushnell Building, eventually granted to the brothers in 1906. At the turn of the 20th century, Springfield became known as the "Home City". It was a period of high activity by fraternal organizations, and such lodges as the Masonic Lodge , Knights of Pythias , and Odd Fellows built homes for orphans and aged members of their orders. That same year, A.B. Graham, then

12765-467: Was headed by the paper's editor, Edwin F. Gay . On January 1, 1911, he became a partner of J.P. Morgan & Co. , following Davison to the company. The company had also started an improvised system so that the Allies could buy supplies from them. In 1917, he joined the Liberty Loan Committee, which helped the treasury sell war bonds to Americans. He also served unofficially as an advisor to

12880-527: Was later vice-chairman of Morgan Guaranty Trust and a fellow of the Harvard Corporation . One of his grandsons, Lansing Lamont , was a reporter with Time from 1961 to 1974. He published several books, including You Must Remember This: A Reporter’s Odyssey from Camelot to Glasnost about his experiences covering the important events of the time, including the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy . Another grandson, Thomas William Lamont II, served in

12995-477: Was officially ceded to the United States by the Shawnee and their indigenous allies under the Treaty of Greenville on 1795, six years before the city was founded. Springfield was founded in 1801 by European-American James Demint, a former teamster from Kentucky who named it for Springfield, Massachusetts . When Clark County was created in 1818 from parts of Champaign , Madison , and Greene counties, Springfield

13110-542: Was once the American division of the British Macmillan Publishers (opened in 1869) and had been run by generations of the Brett family who eventually took over the operation of the company from the British in 1896 (British Macmillan Publishers kept its stake in the American operation until 1951). Macmillan published some notable authors including Jack London , Margaret Mitchell , and Winston Churchill . By 1960,

13225-591: Was promoted to director. He rose to the vice presidency of the First National Bank. He was a member of the Jekyll Island Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia . In 1918, he purchased the New York Evening Post , of which his brother, Hammond, had been managing editor a decade earlier, from Oswald Garrison Villard . After failing to make a profit, he sold the paper in January, 1922 to a syndicate that

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