Misplaced Pages

#562437

36-621: The Crovan dynasty , from the late 11th century to the mid 13th century, was the ruling family of an insular kingdom known variously in secondary sources as the Kingdom of Mann, the Kingdom of the Isles , and the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles. The eponymous founder of the dynasty was Godred Crovan , who appeared from obscurity in the late 11th century, before his takeover of the Isle of Man and Dublin . The dynasty

72-416: A midden —and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document. Making distinctions between primary and secondary symbolic sources is both subjective and contextual, such that precise definitions can sometimes be difficult to make. And indeed many sources can be classified as either primary or secondary based upon

108-537: A "sleepy corner of journalism", publications in the Internet age have invested more resources in preparing advance obituaries for rapid publication online, in order to meet widespread public interest; obituaries can attract millions of readers online within days of their subjects' deaths. The New York Times maintains a "deep reservoir" of advance obituaries, estimated to stand at roughly 1,850 as of 2021 . The paper often interviews notables specifically for their obituaries,

144-924: A general rule, when lives are long enough, accomplished enough and complex enough that we would just as soon not get caught short writing them on deadline, advances are assigned". Consequently, many public figures who die unexpectedly or prematurely will have no obituary available at a given publication, and journalists will be left to research and write lengthy articles on short notice. However, Farhi noted that advance obituaries of younger people will occasionally be prepared if they are known to have health problems or "chaotic lives"; The Washington Post had an advance obituary for singer Amy Winehouse , whose struggles with substance abuse were widely chronicled before her death at age 27. In another case, Nigel Farndale , an obituaries editor for The Times , said that in April 2020, when news broke that then-British Prime Minister Boris Johnson

180-663: A model, source classification concepts are defined in relation to each other, and acceptance of a particular way of defining the concepts for classification are connected to efficiently using the model. (Note: UNISIST is the United Nations International Scientific Information System; it is a model of a social system for communications between knowledge producers, knowledge users, and their intermediaries. The system also comprises institutions such as libraries, research institutes, and publishers.) Some modern languages use more than one word for

216-431: A paper and omits most biographical details and may be a legally required public notice under some circumstances. The other type, a paid memorial advertisement , is usually written by family members or friends, perhaps with assistance from a funeral home . Both types of paid advertisements are usually run as classified advertisements. The word also applies to the entire program and the part of that program describing

252-513: A practice begun by Alden Whitman in 1966. As of 2021 , The Washington Post has about 900 advance obituaries on file, and entertainment publication The Hollywood Reporter has prepared 800 advances for notable figures in the film and television industry. An advance obituary is usually not written until the subject has reached old age, as the earlier a profile is written, the more additions and revisions it will likely require. Former New York Times obituary writer Margalit Fox wrote that "as

288-660: A premature death notice or obituary as a malicious hoax, perhaps to gain revenge on the "deceased". To that end, nearly all newspapers now have policies requiring that death notices come from a reliable source (such as a funeral home ), though even this has not stopped some pranksters such as Alan Abel . Many news organizations maintain prewritten (or preedited video) obituaries on file for notable individuals who are still living, in order to promptly publish detailed, authoritative, and lengthy obituaries upon their deaths. These are also known as "advance" obituaries. The Los Angeles Times ' obituary of Elizabeth Taylor , for example,

324-540: A recently deceased person. Newspapers often publish obituaries as news articles . Although obituaries tend to focus on positive aspects of the subject's life, this is not always the case. According to Nigel Farndale , the Obituaries Editor of The Times , obituaries ought to be "balanced accounts" written in a "deadpan" style, and should not read like a hagiography . In local newspapers, an obituary may be published for any local resident upon death. A necrology

360-419: A review is a secondary source. In library and information sciences , secondary sources are generally regarded as those sources that summarize or add commentary to primary sources in the context of the particular information or idea under study. An important use of secondary sources in the field of mathematics has been to make difficult mathematical ideas and proofs from primary sources more accessible to

396-461: A secondary source in history or the humanities when used for information about topics other than its subject. For example, many first-hand accounts of events in World War I written in the post-war years were influenced by the then prevailing perception of the war, which was significantly different from contemporary opinion. Obituary An obituary ( obit for short) is an article about

SECTION 10

#1732851618563

432-716: A secondary source in that it contains analysis, but a tertiary source has a different purpose; it aims to elaborate a broad introductory overview of the topic at hand. Information can be interpreted from a wide variety of found objects, but source classification for primary or secondary status, etc., is applicable only to symbolic sources , which are those objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc,; but do not include, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from

468-447: A suitable format. Secondary sources involve generalization , analysis , interpretation, or evaluation of the original information. The most accurate classification for any given source is not always obvious. Primary and secondary are relative terms, and some sources may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how they are used. A third level, the tertiary source , such as an encyclopedia or dictionary, resembles

504-436: A survey of several volumes of a journal to count the frequency of articles on a certain topic. Further, whether a source is regarded as primary or secondary in a given context may change over time, depending upon the past and present states of knowledge within the field of study. For example, if a certain document refers to the contents of a previous but undiscovered letter, that document may be considered "primary", because it

540-452: Is a register or list of records of the deaths of people related to a particular organization, group or field, which may only contain the sparsest details, or small obituaries. Historical necrologies can be important sources of information. Two types of paid advertisements are related to obituaries. One, known as a death notice , usually appears in the Births, Marriages and Deaths (BMD) section of

576-552: Is the Purpose, Methods, Results, Conclusions sections of a research paper (in IMRAD style) in a scientific journal by the authors who conducted the study. In some fields, a secondary source may include a summary of the literature in the introduction of a scientific paper, a description of what is known about a disease or treatment in a chapter in a reference book, or a synthesis written to review available literature. A survey of previous work in

612-516: Is the closest known thing to an original source—but if the missing letter is later found, that certain document may then be considered "secondary". Attempts to map or model scientific and scholarly communications need the concepts of primary, secondary and further "levels" of classification. One such model is provided by the United Nations as the UNISIST model of information dissemination. Within such

648-558: The Clann Somhairle can be regarded as a female line cadet branch of the Crovan dynasty. After Somerled 's coup, the Crovan dynasty were temporarily deposed from all except the Isle of Man, and Dublin. On Somerled's death, they were allowed to inherit part of the realm : Lewis , Harris , and Skye . In Magnus's lifetime, Ewan MacDougall , a descendant of Somerled, was appointed king of

684-528: The funeral home , often resulting in embarrassment for everyone involved. In November 2020, Radio France Internationale accidentally published about 100 prewritten obituaries for celebrities such as Queen Elizabeth II and Clint Eastwood . The premature publication was blamed on a transition to a new content management system . Irish author Brendan Behan said, "there is no such thing as bad publicity except your own obituary." In this regard, some people seek to have an unsuspecting newspaper editor publish

720-469: The headnotes of case reports , articles , and encyclopedias . Legal writers usually prefer to cite primary sources because only primary sources are authoritative and precedential , while secondary sources are only persuasive at best. "A secondary source is a record or statement of an event or circumstance made by a non-eyewitness or by someone not closely connected with the event or circumstances, recorded or stated verbally either at or sometime after

756-494: The 19th century, historians use archives of primary sources. Most undergraduate research projects rely on secondary source material, with perhaps snippets of primary sources. In the legal field, source classification is important because the persuasiveness of a source usually depends upon its history. Primary sources may include cases, constitutions, statutes , administrative regulations, and other sources of binding legal authority, while secondary legal sources may include books,

SECTION 20

#1732851618563

792-459: The English word "source". German usually uses Sekundärliteratur ("secondary literature") for secondary sources regarding historical facts, leaving Sekundärquelle ("secondary source") to historiography . A Sekundärquelle may be a source, perhaps a letter, that quotes from a lost Primärquelle ("primary source")—say a report of minutes that is not known to still exist—such that

828-616: The Hebrides by Haakon , the Norwegian king. Magnus remained titular king of Man. In the year after Magnus died, in 1266, the Treaty of Perth was signed, transferring overlordship of the Isles and Man to the Scottish king. Secondary sources A secondary source is one that gives information about a primary source. In a secondary source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in

864-458: The context in which they are being considered. For example, if in careful study a historical text discusses certain old documents to the point of disclosing a new historical conclusion, then that historical text may now be considered a primary source for the new conclusion, but it is still a secondary source as regarding the old documents. Other examples for which a source can be assigned both primary and secondary roles would include an obituary or

900-400: The event, or by an eye-witness at a time after the event when the fallibility of memory is an important factor." Consequently, according to this definition, a first-hand account written long after the event "when the fallibility of memory is an important factor" is a secondary source, even though it may be the first published description of that event. An autobiography or a memoir can be

936-399: The field in a primary peer-reviewed source is secondary source information. This allows secondary sourcing of recent findings in areas where full review articles have not yet been published. A book review that contains the judgment of the reviewer about the book is a primary source for the reviewer's opinion, and a secondary source for the contents of the book. A summary of the book within

972-485: The field of historiography , as historians attempted to identify and classify the sources of historical writing. In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources. In original scholarly writing, historians rely on primary sources, read in the context of the scholarly interpretations. Following the Rankean model established by German scholarship in

1008-445: The life of the deceased. It is given to those who attend their service. The verso page heading may be Obituary or Reflections , the recto heading is usually Order of Service . A premature obituary is a false reporting of the death of a person who is still alive. It may occur due to unexpected survival of someone who was close to death. Other reasons for such publication might be miscommunication between newspapers, family members, and

1044-405: The public; in other sciences tertiary sources are expected to fulfill the introductory role. Secondary sources in history and humanities are usually books or scholarly journals , from the perspective of a later interpreter, especially by a later scholar. In the humanities, a peer reviewed article is always a secondary source. The delineation of sources as primary and secondary first arose in

1080-442: The report of minutes is unavailable to the researcher as the sought-after Primärquelle . In general, secondary sources in a scientific context may be referred to as "secondary literature", and can be self-described as review articles or meta-analysis . Primary source materials are typically defined as "original research papers written by the scientists who actually conducted the study." An example of primary source material

1116-608: The western seaboard of Scotland, the leading members of the dynasty at times tactfully recognised the overlordship of certain kings of Norway and England, and even the Papacy . The military might of the dynasty were their fleets of galleys , and their forces battled in Ireland, the Hebrides, Wales, and the Isle of Man. The importance of the galley to the sea-Kings of the Crovan dynasty is illustrated in its implementation upon seals that certain members are known to have used. Alex Woolf believes

Crovan dynasty - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-467: The years than any piece we've ever run". Work on it began in 1959, and it went through many subsequent iterations. Well into the 21st century, the visual layout for the obituary was substantially modified to match changes in the paper's page size, and a presentation for its digital edition cycled through different slideshow and video formats to match advances in Internet download speeds. The newspaper began drafting an obituary for Queen Elizabeth II when she

1188-515: Was in an intensive care unit with COVID-19 during the pandemic , he was under considerable pressure to quickly prepare an obituary that could be immediately published if Johnson died from the disease. Still, for particularly major figures, advance obituaries may be drafted early in their lives and revised constantly throughout the following years or decades. Bill McDonald , obituaries editor of The New York Times , estimated in 2016 that Fidel Castro 's obituary "cost us more man/woman hours over

1224-634: Was of Gaelic-Scandinavian origin, descending from a branch of the Uí Ímair , a dominant kindred in the Irish Sea region which first appears on record in the late 9th century. Leading members of the Crovan dynasty formed marriage-alliances with the Irish and Norwegian kings , as well as Hebridean , Gallovidian , and Anglo-Norman lords, and possibly Welsh princes as well. Surrounded by sometimes threatening English, Norwegian and Scottish monarchs, and various warlords from

1260-500: Was still heir apparent , and it was rewritten in its entirety multiple times until her death in 2022. Obituaries are a notable feature of The Economist , which publishes one full-page obituary per week, reflecting on the subject's life and influence on world history. Past subjects have ranged from Ray Charles to Uday Hussein to George Floyd . The Times and the Daily Telegraph publish anthologies of obituaries under

1296-513: Was written in 1999 after three months of research, then often updated before the actress' 2011 death. Quite often the prewritten obituary's subject outlives its author. One example is The New York Times ' obituary of Taylor, written by the newspaper's theater critic Mel Gussow , who died in 2005. The 2023 obituary of Henry Kissinger featured reporting by Michael T. Kaufman , who died almost 14 years earlier in 2010. Writing in 2021, Paul Farhi of The Washington Post observed that while once

#562437