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65-451: Crotch is derived from crutch ; it was first used in 1539 to refer to a forked stick used as a farm implement. This region of the body is also described with other terms such as groin or the lower ventral area. In clothing, the crotch is the area of trousers , shorts , leggings etc. where the legs join. The bottom of the crotch is an end of the inseam . The crotch-region on smaller garments such as underwear are sometimes referred to as

130-433: A belt or suspenders (braces). Unless elastic, and especially for men, trousers usually provide a zippered or buttoned fly . Jeans usually feature side and rear pockets with pocket openings placed slightly below the waist band. It is also possible for trousers to provide cargo pockets further down the legs. Maintenance of fit is more challenging for trousers than for some other garments. Leg-length can be adjusted with

195-456: A fly or fall front opening. As a modernization measure, Tsar Peter the Great of Russia issued a decree in 1701 commanding every Russian man, other than clergy and peasant farmers, to wear trousers. Western dress shall be worn by all the boyars, members of our councils and of our court...gentry of Moscow, secretaries...provincial gentry, gosti,[3] government officials, streltsy,[4] members of

260-446: A hem , which helps to retain fit during the adolescent and early adulthood growth years. Tailoring adjustment of girth to accommodate weight gain or weight loss is relatively limited, and otherwise serviceable trousers may need to be replaced after a significant change in body composition . Higher-quality trousers often have extra fabric included in the centre-back seam allowance, so the waist can be let out further. In Scotland ,

325-687: A sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a ground to seek divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of the Special Marriage Act, 1954. Until 2016 some female crew members on British Airways were required to wear British Airways' standard "ambassador" uniform, which has not traditionally included trousers. In 2017, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announced that its female employees could wear "professional pantsuits and dress slacks" while at work; dresses and skirts had previously been required. In 2018 it

390-531: A bicycle handlebar or the reins of a horse") was declared officially revoked by France's Women's Rights Minister, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem . The bylaw was originally intended to prevent women from wearing the pantalons fashionable with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution . In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear

455-557: A role in the worldwide dissemination of trousers as a fashion. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, sailors wore baggy trousers known as galligaskins . Sailors also pioneered the wearing of jeans – trousers made of denim . These became more popular in the late nineteenth century in the American West because of their ruggedness and durability. Starting around the mid-nineteenth century, Wigan pit-brow women scandalized Victorian society by wearing trousers for their work at

520-433: A synonym for breeches , that is, trousers. In these dialects, the term underdrawers is used for undergarments. Many North Americans refer to their underpants by their type, such as boxers or briefs . In Australia , men's underwear also has various informal terms including under-dacks , undies , dacks or jocks . In New Zealand , men's underwear is known informally as undies or dacks . In India, underwear

585-516: A synonym or perhaps a euphemism for anus in his letters. In the latter 16th century, breeches began to replace hose (while the German Hosen , also a plural, ousted Bruch ) as the general English term for men's lower outer garments, a usage that remained standard until knee-length breeches were replaced for everyday wear by long pantaloons or trousers. The difference was that hose were in principle separate garments for each leg, requiring

650-583: A type of tartan trousers traditionally worn by Highlanders as an alternative to the Great Plaid and its predecessors is called trews or in the original Gaelic triubhas . This is the source of the English word trousers . Trews are still sometimes worn instead of the kilt at ceilidhs, weddings etc. Trousers are also known as breeks in Scots , the cognate of breeches . The item of clothing worn under trousers

715-447: A waistband, belt -loops, and a fly -front. In these dialects, elastic-waist knitted garments would be called pants , but not trousers (or slacks ). North Americans call undergarments underwear , underpants , undies , or panties (the last are women's garments specifically) to distinguish them from other pants that are worn on the outside. The term drawers normally refers to undergarments, but in some dialects, may be found as

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780-408: A working-class costume including ankle-length trousers, or pantaloons (named from a Commedia dell'Arte character named Pantalone ) in place of the aristocratic knee-breeches ( culottes ). (Compare sans-culottes .) The new garment of the revolutionaries differed from that of the ancien regime upper classes in three ways: Pantaloons became fashionable in early nineteenth-century England and

845-404: Is a plurale tantum ). This construction is common in English and Italian ( brache , plural of the never-used braca ), but is no longer common in some other languages in which it was once common; e.g., the parallel modern Dutch : broek . At first breeches indicated a cloth worn as underwear by both men and women. Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield , uses the word breech as

910-446: Is a spelling variant, not a corruption , dating from the 17th century. Currently, britches reflects a common pronunciation often used in casual speech to mean trousers or pants in many English-speaking parts of the world. Breeks is a Scots or northern English spelling and pronunciation. The singular form of the word has survived in the sense of the part of the body covered by breeches, (i.e., posterior, buttocks ); paradoxically,

975-459: Is also referred to as innerwear . The words trouser (or pant ) instead of trousers (or pants ) is sometimes used in the tailoring and fashion industries as a generic term, for instance when discussing styles, such as "a flared trouser", rather than as a specific item. The words trousers and pants are pluralia tantum , nouns that generally only appear in plural form—much like the words scissors and tongs , and as such pair of trousers

1040-536: Is apparently no universal, overarching classification. There is some evidence, from figurative art , of trousers being worn in the Upper Paleolithic , as seen on the figurines found at the Siberian sites of Mal'ta and Buret' . Fabrics and technology for their construction are fragile and disintegrate easily, so often are not among artefacts discovered in archaeological sites. The oldest known trousers were found at

1105-596: Is available to cavalry and other historic reenactors . There are four main types of riding breeches: Color is important in selecting breeches for competition. Sanctioning organizations and tradition both dictate that show clothing is to be quiet, classic and conservative in design. White is common in dressage , and is also seen in show jumping . Beige is seen in most hunt seat -style equestrian disciplines, though light grays, "canary" (a dull yellow), rust, tan, and an olive-greenish colour are periodically popular with hunt seat competitors. Eventers wear classic colours for

1170-696: Is called pants . The standard English form trousers is also used, but it is sometimes pronounced in a manner approximately represented by [ˈtruːzɨrz] , as Scots did not completely undergo the Great Vowel Shift , and thus retains the vowel sound of the Gaelic triubhas , from which the word originates. In North America, Australia and South Africa, pants is the general category term, whereas trousers (sometimes slacks in Australia and North America) often refers more specifically to tailored garments with

1235-528: Is the usual correct form. However, the singular form is used in some compound words, such as trouser-leg , trouser-press and trouser-bottoms . Jeans are trousers typically made from denim or dungaree cloth. In North America skin-tight leggings are commonly referred to as tights . There are several different main types of pants and trousers, such as dress pants , jeans , khakis , chinos , leggings , overalls , and sweatpants . They can also be classified by fit, fabric, and other features. There

1300-644: The braccae , loose-fitting trousers that were closed at the ankles. Both garments were adopted originally from the Celts of Europe, although later familiarity with the Persian Near East and the Germanic peoples increased acceptance. Feminalia and braccae both began use as military garments, spreading to civilian dress later, and were eventually made in a variety of materials, including leather, wool, cotton and silk. Trousers of various designs were worn throughout

1365-450: The French Revolution , breeches ( culottes in French) were seen as a symbol of the nobility and more prosperous members of the bourgeoisie (including professionals such as lawyers, bankers, and physicians). Lower-class revolutionaries became known as sans-culottes ("without breeches"), as they could not afford breeches and wore pantaloons or trousers instead. The spelling britches

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1430-673: The International Skating Union has allowed women to wear trousers instead of skirts in ice-skating competitions. In 2009, journalist Lubna Hussein was fined the equivalent of $ 200 when a court found her guilty of violating Sudan's decency laws by wearing trousers. In 2012 the Royal Canadian Mounted Police began to allow women to wear trousers and boots with all their formal uniforms. In 2012 and 2013, some Mormon women participated in "Wear Pants to Church Day", in which they wore trousers to church instead of

1495-720: The Regency era . The style was introduced by Beau Brummell (1778–1840) and by mid-century had supplanted breeches as fashionable street-wear. At this point, even knee-length pants adopted the open bottoms of trousers (see shorts ) and were worn by young boys, for sports, and in tropical climates. Breeches proper have survived into the twenty-first century as court dress , and also in baggy mid- calf (or three-quarter length) versions known as plus-fours or knickers worn for active sports and by young schoolboys. Types of breeches are also still worn today by baseball and American football players, and by equestrians. Sailors may have played

1560-592: The draped clothing of Greek and Minoan ( Cretan ) culture as an emblem of civilization and disdained trousers as the mark of barbarians. As the Roman Empire expanded beyond the Mediterranean basin, however, the greater warmth provided by trousers led to their adoption. Two types of trousers eventually saw widespread use in Rome: the feminalia , which fit snugly and usually fell to knee length or mid-calf length, and

1625-451: The pouch . Loosely-fitted or bagginess in the crotch-region is sometimes associated with a lax, casual and easy-going approach to attires or garbs. Clothing that is tight-fitting in the crotch produces an effect that is sometimes referred to by informal terms such as a man-bulge   or moose-knuckle   on men, and a camel toe on women, especially if the woman's labia majora are conspicuous. Prolonged constrictive pressure of

1690-451: The 1960s, André Courrèges introduced long trousers for women as a fashion item, leading to the era of the pantsuit and designer jeans and the gradual erosion of social prohibitions against girls and women wearing trousers in schools, the workplace and in fine restaurants. In 1969, Rep. Charlotte Reid (R-Ill.) became the first woman to wear trousers in the US Congress . Pat Nixon

1755-497: The 1960s. The balloon legs were there to accommodate the riders knees as they sat in the saddle, but fabrics that stretched in all four directions made such excess material unnecessary and the form-fitting and much thinner modern breeches and jodhpurs became normal. Fencing breeches are worn in the sport of fencing to permit fencers to extend their legs more than they could wearing normal jogging trousers or tracksuit bottoms. Fencing breeches are also used as protective clothing for

1820-942: The Middle Ages in Europe, especially by men. Loose-fitting trousers were worn in Byzantium under long tunics , and were worn by many tribes, such as the Germanic tribes that migrated to the Western Roman Empire in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages , as evidenced by both artistic sources and such relics as the fourth-century costumes recovered from the Thorsberg peat bog (see illustration). Trousers in this period, generally called braies , varied in length and were often closed at

1885-584: The Proto-Indo-European root; whence also the Old Norse word brók , which shows up in the epithet of the Viking king Ragnar Loðbrók , Ragnar "Hairy-breeches". Like other words for similar garments (e.g., pants , knickers , and shorts ) the word breeches has been applied to both outer garments and undergarments . Breeches uses a plural form to reflect it has two legs; the word has no singular form (it

1950-586: The Yanghai cemetery, extracted from mummies in Turpan , Xinjiang , western China, belonging to the people of the Tarim Basin ; dated to the period between the thirteenth and the tenth century BC and made of wool, the trousers had straight legs and wide crotches, and were likely made for horseback riding. Trousers enter recorded history in the sixth century BC, on the rock carvings and artworks of Persepolis , and with

2015-450: The alliterative expression "bare breech" thus means without any inner or outer breeches. This also led to the following words: The terms breeches or knee-breeches specifically designate the knee-length garments worn by men from the later 16th century to the early 19th century. After that, they survived in England only in very formal wear, such as the livery worn by some servants into

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2080-524: The appearance of horse-riding Eurasian nomads in Greek ethnography. At this time, Iranian peoples such as Scythians , Sarmatians , Sogdians and Bactrians among others, along with Armenians and Eastern and Central Asian peoples such as the Xiongnu / Hunnu , are known to have worn trousers. Trousers are believed to have been worn by people of any gender among these early users. The ancient Greeks used

2145-438: The crotch on the male genitals may increase the likelihood of detumescing . The semantic field of the term crotch is sometimes expanded to include objects which have a similar shape to the anatomical human crotch. This may include botanical structures such as the area where tree branches are joined together or mechanical structures which fork or branch or where ramification takes place. The term had also been expanded to include

2210-429: The cuff or even had attached foot coverings, although open-legged pants were also seen. By the eighth century there is evidence of the wearing in Europe of two layers of trousers, especially among upper-class males. The under layer is today referred to by costume historians as drawers , although that usage did not emerge until the late sixteenth century. Over the drawers were worn trousers of wool or linen, which in

2275-547: The customary dresses to encourage gender equality within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . More than one thousand women participated in 2012. In 2013, Turkey's parliament ended a ban on women lawmakers wearing trousers in its assembly. Also in 2013, an old bylaw requiring women in Paris, France to ask permission from city authorities before "dressing as men", including wearing trousers (with exceptions for those "holding

2340-428: The dressage and stadium phase, but less classic colours may be seen on the cross-country course (especially at the lower levels) to match the "stable colours" of the rider. Saddle seat riders, whose riding clothing styles derived from men's business suits, wear Kentucky jodhpurs in dark colors, usually black, navy blue, or a shade that matches the riding coat. Breeches may be front or side zip. Some competitors believe

2405-413: The early 20th century, and the court dress worn by others, such as King's Counsel , down to the present day on formal occasions. Riding breeches are specifically designed for equestrian activities. Traditionally, they were tight in the legs, stopping about halfway down the calf, with buttons or laces in the calf section, and had a pronounced flare through the thighs that allowed freedom of movement for

2470-437: The example of Byzantium led to the increasing use of long tunics by men, hiding most of the trousers from view and eventually rendering them an undergarment for many. As undergarments, these trousers became briefer or longer as the length of the various medieval outer garments changed, and were met by, and usually attached to, another garment variously called hose or stockings . In the fourteenth century it became common among

2535-401: The floor in defiance of the rule, and female support staff followed soon after; the rule was amended later that year by Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Martha Pope to allow women to wear trousers on the floor so long as they also wore a jacket. In Malawi women were not legally allowed to wear trousers under President Kamuzu Banda 's rule until 1994. This law was introduced in 1965. Since 2004

2600-492: The general population. Men's clothes in Hungary in the fifteenth century consisted of a shirt and trousers as underwear, and a dolman worn over them, as well as a short fur-lined or sheepskin coat. Hungarians generally wore simple trousers, only their colour being unusual; the dolman covered the greater part of the trousers. Around the turn of the sixteenth century it became conventional to separate hose into two pieces, one from

2665-450: The guilds purveying for our household, citizens of Moscow of all ranks, and residents of provincial cities...excepting the clergy and peasant tillers of the soil. The upper dress shall be of French or Saxon cut, and the lower dress...--waistcoat, trousers, boots, shoes, and hats--shall be of the German type During the French Revolution of 1789 and following, many male citizens of France adopted

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2730-545: The history of European art – "until the late seventeenth century" – references to the female crotch were approached from above: "Art usually expressed the sense of the vulva as a point at the bottom of the belly rather than as the meeting place at the top of the thighs." Art therapists have noted "a triangular or vaginal shaped area in drawings by rape/sexual abuse victims". Trousers Trousers ( British English ), slacks , or pants ( American , Canadian and Australian English ) are an item of clothing worn from

2795-528: The job demanded it. In the post-war era, trousers became acceptable casual wear for gardening, the beach, and other leisure pursuits. In Britain during World War II the rationing of clothing prompted women to wear their husbands' civilian clothes, including trousers, to work while the men were serving in the armed forces. This was partly because they were seen as practical for work, but also so that women could keep their clothing allowance for other uses. As this practice of wearing trousers became more widespread and as

2860-541: The joining together of asymmetrical surfaces in cue sports equipment or the corners of flat surfaces usually made of quarried slate. The human crotch has been depicted in artwork. In Paleolithic art, forms called tectiforms or quadrilaterals have sometimes been interpreted to be "quick visual guides, reminders to the imagination" of the female crotch, and typically do not represent the crotch hairs. Classical marble statues depict females without pubic hair; in contrast, statues of males "show curly pubic hair". For much of

2925-413: The knee, though in some cases reaching to the ankles. Formerly a standard item of Western men's clothing, they had fallen out of use by the mid-19th century in favour of trousers . Modern athletic garments used for English riding and fencing , although called breeches or britches , differ from breeches. Breeches is a double plural known since c.  1205 , from Old English brēc ,

2990-456: The local coal mines . They wore skirts over their trousers and rolled them up to their waists to keep them out of the way. Although pit-brow lasses worked above ground at the pit-head, their task of sorting and shovelling coal involved hard manual labour, so wearing the usual long skirts of the time would have greatly hindered their movements. The Korean word for trousers, baji (originally pajibaji ) first appears in recorded history around

3055-532: The men of the noble and knightly classes to connect the hose directly to their pourpoints (the padded under jacket worn with armoured breastplates that would later evolve into the doublet ) rather than to their drawers. In the fifteenth century, rising hemlines led to ever briefer drawers until they were dispensed with altogether by the most fashionable elites who joined their skin-tight hose back into trousers. These trousers, which we would today call tights but which were still called hose or sometimes joined hose at

3120-462: The men's clothing wore out, replacements were needed. By the summer of 1944, it was reported that sales of women's trousers were five times more than the previous year. In 1919, Luisa Capetillo challenged mainstream society by becoming the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for what was considered to be a crime, but the charges were later dropped. In

3185-400: The mid-twentieth century, trousers have increasingly been worn by women as well. Jeans , made of denim , are a form of trousers for casual wear widely worn all over the world by people of all genders. Shorts are often preferred in hot weather or for some sports and also often by children and adolescents. Trousers are worn on the hips or waist and are often held up by buttons, elastic,

3250-745: The plural of brōc "garment for the legs and trunk", from the Indo-European root *bhrg- "break", here apparently used in the sense "divide", "separate", as in Scottish Gaelic briogais ("trousers"), in Breton bragoù ("pants"), in Irish bríste ("trousers") and brycan or brogau in Welsh. Cognate with the Proto-Germanic word * brōk- , plural * brōkiz , itself most likely from

3315-416: The rider. Before the invention of the fly front , they were made with flaps, 5 inches (13 cm) to 8 inches (20 cm) wide, called falls . However, with the advent of modern stretch materials such as spandex , many modern breeches have no flare and fit skin-tight. In some cases, zippers and velcro fastenings have replaced laces and buttons at the calves as well. The flared style is seen at times, and

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3380-471: The side-zip to give a cleaner appearance and to be more flattering. Styles are also developing to parallel trends in street clothing, including low-rise breeches and brightly colored and patterned breeches & jodhpurs that are aimed primarily at children. Riding breeches were formerly made of thick cavalry- twill and had flared thighs (balloon legs), until the invention and use of multi-stretch fabrics like Nylon and Spandex became widespread for riding in

3445-525: The style of the garment. To distinguish them from shorts, trousers may be called "long trousers" in certain contexts such as school uniform , where tailored shorts may be called "short trousers" in the UK. The oldest known trousers, dating to the period between the thirteenth and the tenth centuries BC, were found at the Yanghai cemetery in Turpan , Xinjiang ( Tocharia ), in present-day western China . Made of wool,

3510-616: The tenth century began to be referred to as breeches in many places. Tightness of fit and length of leg varied by period, class, and geography. (Open legged trousers can be seen on the Norman soldiers of the Bayeux Tapestry .) Although Charlemagne (742–814) is recorded to have habitually worn trousers, donning the Byzantine tunic only for ceremonial occasions, the influence of the Roman past and

3575-462: The term ἀναξυρίδες ( anaxyrides ) for the trousers worn by Eastern nations and σαράβαρα ( sarabara ) for the loose trousers worn by the Scythians. However, they did not wear trousers since they thought them ridiculous, using the word θύλακοι ( thulakoi ), pl. of θύλακος ( thulakos ) 'sack', as a slang term for the loose trousers of Persians and other Middle Easterners . Republican Rome viewed

3640-430: The time, emerged late in the fifteenth century and were conspicuous by their open crotch which was covered by an independently fastening front panel, the codpiece . The exposure of the hose to the waist was consistent with fifteenth-century trends, which also brought the pourpoint/doublet and the shirt , previously undergarments, into view, but the most revealing of these fashions were only ever adopted at court and not by

3705-727: The trousers had straight legs and wide crotches and were likely made for horseback riding. A pair of trouser-like leggings dating back to 3350 and 3105 BC were found in the Austria–Italy border worn by Ötzi . In most of Europe , trousers have been worn since ancient times and throughout the Medieval period , becoming the most common form of lower-body clothing for adult males in the modern world. Breeches were worn instead of trousers in early modern Europe by some men in higher classes of society. Distinctive formal trousers are traditionally worn with formal and semi-formal day attire . Since

3770-514: The tunic or a cod-piece to cover the private parts; whereas breeches were sewn together as a single all-enveloping garment. Until around the end of the 19th century (but later in some places), small boys wore special forms of dresses until they were " breeched ", or given the adult male styles of clothes, at about the age of 6 to 8 (the age fell slowly to perhaps 3). Male and female children's styles were distinguished by chest and collar, as well as other aspects of attire, such as hairstyle. During

3835-483: The turn of the fifteenth century, but pants may have been in use by Korean society for some time. From at least this time pants were worn by both sexes in Korea. Men wore trousers either as outer garments or beneath skirts, while it was unusual for adult women to wear their pants (termed sokgot ) without a covering skirt. As in Europe, a wide variety of styles came to define regions, time periods and age and gender groups, from

3900-495: The unlined gouei to the padded sombaji . See also: the Laws section below. In Western society, it was Eastern culture that inspired French designer Paul Poiret (1879–1944) to be one of the first to design pants for women. In 1913, Poiret created loose-fitting, wide-leg trousers for women called harem pants, which were based on the costumes of the popular ballet Sheherazade . Written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888, Sheherazade

3965-487: The waist to anywhere between the knees and the ankles, covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth extending across both legs as in robes , skirts , dresses and kilts ). In some parts of the United Kingdom, the word pants is ambiguous: it can mean underpants rather than trousers. Shorts are similar to trousers, but with legs that come down only to around the area of the knee, higher or lower depending on

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4030-444: The waist to the crotch which fastened around the top of the legs, called trunk hose, and the other running beneath it to the foot. The trunk hose soon reached down the thigh to fasten below the knee and were now usually called " breeches " to distinguish them from the lower-leg coverings still called hose or, sometimes stockings . By the end of the sixteenth century, the codpiece had also been incorporated into breeches which featured

4095-462: Was announced that female missionaries of that church could wear dress slacks except when attending the temple and during Sunday worship services, baptismal services, and mission leadership and zone conferences. Breeches Breeches ( / ˈ b r ɪ tʃ ɪ z , ˈ b r iː -/ BRITCH -iz, BREE -chiz ) are an article of clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg , usually stopping just below

4160-496: Was based on a collection of legends from the Middle East called 1001 Arabian Nights. In the early twentieth century, women air pilots and other working women often wore trousers. Frequent photographs from the 1930s of actresses Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn in trousers helped make trousers acceptable for women. During World War II , women employed in factories or doing other "men's work" on war service wore trousers when

4225-496: Was the first American First Lady to wear trousers in public. In 1989, California state senator Rebecca Morgan became the first woman to wear trousers in a US state senate. Hillary Clinton was the first woman to wear trousers in an official American First Lady portrait. Women were not allowed to wear trousers on the US Senate floor until 1993. In 1993, Senators Barbara Mikulski and Carol Moseley Braun wore trousers onto

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