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71-423: The Dazzler came about in a roundabout fashion after Les Solomon, Technical Editor for Popular Electronics magazine, demonstrated the original Altair 8800 to Roger Melen of Stanford University . After seeing it, Melen purchased Altair #2 for his friend Harry Garland to work with. The two built a number of add-ons for the machine, collaborating with Terry Walker on the design of the first digital camera called

142-448: A computer terminal and a modem a user could dial into a large multi-user computer. Lee Felsenstein wanted make low-cost versions of modems and terminals available to the hobbyist. The March 1976 issue had the " Pennywhistle Modem " and the July 1976 issue had the "SOL Intelligent Terminal". The SOL, built by Processor Technology , was really an Altair compatible computer and became one of

213-563: A printed circuit board . They would often contain components that were not available at the local electronics parts store. Dan Meyer saw the business opportunity in providing circuit boards and parts for the Popular Electronics projects. In January 1964 he left Southwest Research Institute to start an electronics kit company. He continued to write articles and ran the mail order kit business from his home in San Antonio, Texas. By 1965 he

284-419: A sans-serif typeface in a rectangular box. The covers featured a large image of the feature story, usually a construction project. In September 1970 the cover logo was changed to an underlined serif typeface. The magazine's content, typography and layout were also updated. In January 1972 the cover logo added a second line, "including Electronics World", and the volume number was restarted at 1. This second line

355-400: A 16-conductor ribbon cable. Although the analog card did not talk on the bus, it would normally be plugged into the bus for power connections and physical support within the chassis. The manual also described a way to "piggyback" the two cards with a separate power cable to save a slot. Output from the analog card was composite color , and an RF modulator was available for direct connection to

426-580: A 5-pin DIN connector for audio. The BNC connector, in turn, post dated the PL-259 connector featured on first-generation VCRs. Video cables are 75 ohm impedance, low in capacitance. Typical values run from 52 pF/m for an HDPE -foamed dielectric precision video cable to 69 pF/m for a solid PE dielectric cable. The active image area of composite and s-video signals are digitally stored at 720x576i25 PAL and 720x480i29.7 (or 720x488) pixels. This does not represent

497-446: A 64 by 64 pixel image, while the highest resolution used a 2 kB buffer in X4 mode to produce a 128 by 128 pixel image. In normal mode the color was selected from a fixed 8-color palette with an additional bit selecting intensity ( 4-bit RGBI ), while in X4 mode the foreground color was selected by setting three bits in the control register to turn on red, green or blue (or combinations) while

568-507: A PH meter to locate the source of pollution in a river. As Editor, Olivier Ferrell built a stable of authors who contributed interesting construction projects. These projects established the style of Popular Electronics for years to come. Two of the most prolific authors were Daniel Meyer and Don Lancaster. Daniel Meyer graduated from Southwest Texas State (1957) and became an engineer at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas. He soon started writing hobbyist articles. The first

639-504: A color TV. The Dazzler lacked its own frame buffer , accessing the host machine's main memory using a custom DMA controller that provided 1 Mbit/s throughput. The card read data from the computer at speeds that demanded the use of SRAM memory, as opposed to lower cost DRAMs . Control signals and setup was sent and received using the S-100 bus's input/output "ports", normally mapped to 0E and 0F. 0E contained an 8-bit address pointing to

710-587: A colorful pattern-generating program, Kaleidoscope. The cover of the June 1976 issue of Byte magazine shows a Dazzler image from Conway's Game of Life , and credits Ed Hall as author of the Game of Life software for the Dazzler. Byte also credits Steve Dompier with authoring the animation tool "Dazzlemation" and the first animation made with Dazzlemation called "Magenta Martini" . George Tate (who later co-founded Ashton-Tate )

781-401: A column on a fictional repair shop where the proprietor, Mac, would interact with other technicians and customers. The reader would learn repair techniques for servicing radios and TVs. In Popular Electronics his column was about two high school boys, Carl and Jerry. Each month the boys would have an adventure that would teach the reader about electronics. By 1954 building audio and radio kits

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852-484: A day from 1800 square feet (1,700 m ) of buildings. Others noticed SWTPC success. Forrest Mims , a founder of MITS (Altair 8800), tells about his " Light-Emitting Diodes " cover story ( Popular Electronics , November 1970) in an interview with Creative Computing . In March, I sold my first article to Popular Electronics magazine, a feature about light-emitting diodes. At one of our midnight meetings I suggested that we emulate Southwest Technical Products and develop

923-472: A full range of construction projects using the newest technologies such as microprocessors and other programmable devices. In November 1982 the magazine became Computers & Electronics . There were more equipment reviews and fewer construction projects. One of the last major projects was a bidirectional analog-to-digital converter for the Apple II computer published in July and August 1983. Art Salsberg left at

994-418: A heart attack. In 1982, Ziff was diagnosed with prostate cancer so he asked his three sons (ages 14 to 20) if they wanted to run a publishing empire. They did not. Ziff wanted to simplify the estate by selling some of the magazines. In November 1984, CBS bought the consumer group for $ 362.5 million and Rupert Murdoch bought the business group for $ 350 million. This left Ziff-Davis with the computer group and

1065-572: A low cost video display. In July 1974 Radio-Electronics published the Mark-8 Personal Minicomputer based on the Intel 8008 processor. The publishers noted the success of Radio-Electronics and Arthur P. Salsberg took over as Editor in 1974. Salsberg and Technical Editor, Leslie Solomon, brought back the featured construction projects. Popular Electronics needed a computer project so they selected Ed Roberts' Altair 8800 computer based on

1136-628: A new product or company. The most famous issue, January 1975, had the Altair 8800 computer on the cover and ignited the home computer revolution. Paul Allen showed that issue to Bill Gates . They wrote a BASIC interpreter for the Altair computer and started Microsoft . Radio & Television News was a magazine for professionals and the editors wanted to create a magazine for hobbyists. Ziff-Davis had started Popular Aviation in 1927 and Popular Photography in 1934 but found that Gernsback Publications had

1207-492: A project article for Popular Electronics. The article would give us free advertising for the kit version of the project, and the magazine would even pay us for the privilege of printing it! The November 1970 issue also has an article by Forrest M. Mims and Henry E. Roberts titled "Assemble an LED Communicator - The Opticon." A kit of parts could be ordered from MITS in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Popular Electronics paid $ 400 for

1278-407: A sampled signal and losslessly reproduces composite video signals using PCM encoding of the analog signal on the magnetic tape . With the advent of affordable higher sampling speed analog to digital converters, realtime composite to YUV sampled digital sampling has been possible since the 1980s and raw waveform sampling and software decoding since the 2010s. A number of so-called extensions to

1349-409: A sense, then, Modern Electronics is the successor to the original concept of Popular Electronics … The last issue of Computers & Electronics was April 1985. The magazine still had 600,000 readers but the intense competition from other computer magazines resulted in flat advertising revenues. In 1953, William B. Ziff, Jr. (age 23) was thrust into the publishing business when his father died of

1420-472: A separate bit controlled the intensity. A project initially started by Dr Hugo Holden and progressed by a team from the Vintage Computer Federation has resulted in the recreation of Rev C and Rev D dazzler boards. Artwork and recreated KiCad gerber files have been made available for production and several boards have been completed and tested In 1979, Cromemco replaced the original Dazzler with

1491-466: A short time the Dazzler had caused a traffic jam on 5th Avenue!” The police had to contact the building landlord and make him disconnect the television. Over time, Cromemco introduced additional software for the Dazzler, at first on paper tape and later floppy disk , including Spacewar! in October 1976. Cromemco customers also developed software for a wide range of graphics applications, from monitoring

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1562-425: A signal from an analog modulator. However, composite video has an established market for both devices that convert it to channel 3/4 outputs , as well as devices that convert standards like VGA to composite, therefore it has offered opportunities to repurpose older composite monitors for newer devices. The process of modulating RF with the original video signal, and then demodulating the original signal again in

1633-402: A signal in (roughly) composite format: LaserDiscs and type C videotape for example store a true composite signal modulated, while consumer videotape formats (including VHS and Betamax ) and commercial and industrial tape formats (including U-matic ) use modified composite signals FM encoded (generally known as color-under ). The professional D-2 videocassette format digitally storing

1704-424: A single channel, unlike the higher-quality S-Video (two channels) and the even higher-quality YPbPr (three channels). A yellow RCA connector is typically used for composite video, with the audio being carried on separate additional L/R RCA connectors. In professional settings, or on devices that are too small for an RCA connector, such as a digital camera, other types of connectors can be used. Composite video

1775-620: A year. Les Solomon , the Popular Electronics Technical Editor, wrote 6 articles in the rival Radio-Electronics using the pseudonym "B. R. Rogen". In 1972 and 1973 some of the best projects appeared in Radio-Electronics as the new Popular Electronics digested the merger. The upcoming personal computer benefited from this competition between Radio-Electronics and Popular Electronics . In September 1973 Radio-Electronics published Don Lancaster's TV Typewriter ,

1846-449: Is also known by the initials CVBS for Composite Video Baseband Signal or Color, Video, Blanking and Sync , or is simply referred to as SD video for the standard-definition television signal it conveys. There are three dominant variants of composite video signals, corresponding to the analog color system used ( NTSC , PAL , and SECAM ), but purely monochrome signals can also be used. A composite video signal combines, on one wire,

1917-672: Is credited with a Tic-Tac-Toe game for the Dazzler, and Li-Chen Wang is credited as the author of " Kaleidoscope ". Ed Hall's color realization of Conway's Game of Life led to a revival of interest in the game. Stan Veit , owner of the Computer Mart of New York, described the reaction when he displayed the changing patterns of Kaleidoscope on a color television in his store window at the corner of 5th Avenue and 32nd Street in New York City in early 1976. “People driving by began to stop and look – they had never seen anything like it before. In

1988-638: Is how Art Salsberg described the new magazine. Directed to enthusiasts like yourselves, who savor learning more about the latest developments in electronics and computer hardware, Modern Electronics shows you what's new in the world of electronics/computers, how this equipment works, how to use them, and construction plans for useful electronic devices. Many of you probably know of me from my decade-long stewardship of Popular Electronics magazine, which changed its name and editorial philosophy last year to distance itself from active electronics enthusiasts who move fluidly across electronics and computer product areas. In

2059-457: The Commodore PET were on the market. Building computer kits was soon replaced by plugging in assembled boards. In 1982, Popular Electronics helped to introduce personal computer programming with its Programmer’s Notebook column written by Jim Keogh . Each column focused on a game programming. The column continued onto Computer & Electronics Magazine. Popular Electronics continued with

2130-609: The Cyclops and then moving on to the Dazzler. The Dazzler was first shown at the Homebrew Computer Club on November 12, 1975. Like many early microcomputer projects of the era, the Dazzler was originally announced as a self-built kit in Popular Electronics . In order to "kick start" construction, they offered kits including a circuit board and the required parts, which the user would then assemble on their own. This led to sales of completely assembled Dazzler systems, which became

2201-482: The "Transistorized Tremolo" for an electric guitar; and a one tube VHF receiver to listen to aircraft. There were regular columns for Citizens Band (CB), amateur radio and shortwave listening (SWL). These would show a reader with his radio equipment each month. (Almost all of the readers were male.) Lou Garner's Transistor Topics covers the new transistorized FM stereo receivers and several readers' circuits. John T. Frye's fictional characters, Carl and Jerry, use

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2272-459: The AM and FM bands. A gated and filtered signal derived from the color subcarrier , called the burst or colorburst , is added to the horizontal blanking interval of each line (excluding lines in the vertical sync interval ) as a synchronizing signal and amplitude reference for the chrominance signals. In NTSC composite video, the 3.58 MHz burst signal is inverted in phase (180° out of phase) from

2343-535: The Super Dazzler. The Super Dazzler Interface (SDI) had 756 x 484 pixel resolution with the ability to display up to 4096 colors ( 12-bit RGB ), a capability that had previously only been available in much more expensive systems. Dedicated two-port memory cards were used for image storage for higher performance. While the original Dazzler had a composite video output signal, the new SDI used separate RGB component video outputs for higher resolution. The SDI also had

2414-523: The ability to be synchronized to other video equipment. Cromemco systems with the SDI board became the systems of choice for television broadcast applications, and were widely deployed by the United States Air Force as Mission Support Systems. Popular Electronics Popular Electronics was an American magazine published by John August Media, LLC, and hosted at TechnicaCuriosa.com. The magazine

2485-464: The article. Radio & Television News became Electronics World in 1959 and in January 1972 was merged into Popular Electronics . The process started in the summer of 1971 with a new editor, Milton S. Snitzer, replacing the longtime editor, Oliver P. Ferrell. The publishers decided to focus on topics with prosperous advertisers, such as CB Radio and audio equipment. Construction projects were no longer

2556-407: The base of the frame buffer in main memory, while 0F was a bit-mapped control register with various setup information. The Dazzler supported four graphics modes in total, selected by setting or clearing bits in the control register (0F) that controlled two orthogonal selections. The first selected the size of the frame buffer, either 512 bytes or 2 kB. The other selected normal or "X4" mode,

2627-460: The chrominance and luminance components of the signal. This is usually seen when chrominance is transmitted with high bandwidth, and its spectrum reaches into the band of the luminance frequencies. Comb filters are commonly used to separate signals and eliminate these artifacts from composite sources. S-Video and component video avoid this problem as they maintain the component signals physically separate. Most home analog video equipment record

2698-493: The company's primary products. Combinations of their rackmount machines and the Dazzler formed the basis of ColorGraphics Weather Systems (CWS) product line into the late 1980s, and when CWS was purchased by Dynatech in 1987, Dynatech also purchased Cromemco to supply them. The original advertisement for the Dazzler offered three different software programs for sale (provided on punched paper tape.) These were Conway's Game of Life , Dazzlewriter (an alphanumeric display) and

2769-461: The composite video signal is typically connected using an RCA connector, normally yellow. It is often accompanied with red and white connectors for right and left audio channels respectively. BNC connectors and higher quality coaxial cable are often used in professional television studios and post-production applications. BNC connectors were also used for composite video connections on early home VCRs , often accompanied by either RCA connector or

2840-445: The database publisher (Information Access Company.) These groups were not profitable. Ziff took time off to successfully battle the prostate cancer. (He lived until 2006.) When he returned he focused on magazines like PC Magazine and MacUser to rebuild Ziff-Davis. In 1994 he and his sons sold Ziff-Davis for $ 1.4 billion. The title Popular Electronics was sold to Gernsback Publications and their Hands-On Electronics magazine

2911-450: The early projects used vacuum tubes , as transistors (which had just become available to hobbyists) were expensive: the small-signal Raytheon CK722 transistor was US$ 3.50 in the December 1954 issue, while a typical small-signal vacuum tube (the 12AX7 ) was $ 0.61. Lou Garner wrote the feature story for the first issue, a battery-powered tube radio that could be used on a bicycle. Later he

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2982-475: The end of 1983 and Seth R. Alpert became editor. The magazine dropped all project articles and just reviewed hardware and software. The circulation was almost 600,000 in January 1985 when Forrest Mims wrote about the tenth anniversary of the Altair 8800 computer. In October 1984 Art Salsberg started a competing magazine, Modern Electronics . Editor Alexander W. Burawa and contributors Forrest Mims, Len Feldman, and Glenn Hauser moved to Modern Electronics . Here

3053-688: The entire composite signal. This can then be comb-filtered or chroma-decoded to a color image on a standard computer or via DAC played back to a TV. Composite is no longer the universal standard it once was for consumers after the digital era began phasing out analog CRT displays and virtually all consumer devices moved to using HDMI . Modified versions of composite such as 960H (960x576) are still in wide use for CCTV systems today in consumer use alongside fpv drones . Some devices, such as videocassette recorders (VCRs), video game consoles , and home computers output composite video. This may then be converted to FM RF with an RF modulator that generates

3124-509: The feature articles. They were replaced by new product reviews. The change in editorial direction upset many authors. Dan Meyer wrote a letter in his SWTPC catalog referring to the magazine, Popular Electronics with Electronics World , as "PEEW". He urged his customers to switch to Radio-Electronics . Don Lancaster , Daniel Meyer , Forrest Mims , Ed Roberts , John Simonton and other authors switched to Radio-Electronics. Even Solid State columnist Lou Garner moved to Radio-Electronics for

3195-538: The first year. By the end of 1975 there were a dozen companies producing computer kits and peripherals using the Altair circuit bus, later renamed the S-100 bus and set as an IEEE standard. The February 1975 issue featured an "All Solid-State TV Camera" by three Stanford University students: Terry Walker, Harry Garland and Roger Melen . While the Cyclops Camera , as it was called, was designed to use an oscilloscope for

3266-418: The former using 4-bit nybbles packed 2 to a byte in the frame buffer to produce an 8-color image, or the latter which was a higher resolution monochrome mode using 1-bits per pixel, 8 to a byte. Selecting the mode indirectly selected the resolution. In normal mode with a 512 byte buffer there would be 512 bytes × 2 pixels per byte = 1,024 pixels, arranged as a 32 by 32 pixel image. A 2 kB buffer produced

3337-447: The harmonics in the baseband luma signal, rather than both being in separate continuous frequency bands alongside each other in the frequency domain. The signals may be separated using a comb filter . In other words, the combination of luma and chrominance is indeed a frequency-division technique, but it is much more complex than typical frequency-division multiplexing systems like the one used to multiplex analog radio stations on both

3408-560: The image display, the article mentions that it could also be connected to the Altair computer. It soon was, the authors got one of the first Altair computers and designed an interface for the camera. They also designed a full color video display for the Altair, "The TV Dazzler" , that appeared on the cover of the February 1976 issue. This was the start of Cromemco , a computer company that grew to over 500 employees by 1983. The internet did not exist in 1975 but time-sharing computers did. With

3479-399: The improved Intel 8080 processor. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics had the Altair computer on the cover and this launched the home computer revolution. (However, Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs incorrectly identified the magazine that ran the article as Popular Mechanics .) The magazine was digest size ( 6.5 in × 9 in ) for the first 20 years. The cover logo was

3550-503: The manufacturing processes at a coffee factory in Columbia to displaying real-time images of heart blood flow, generated through cardiac radionuclide imaging, in Scotland. The Dazzler used over 70 MOS and TTL ICs, which required two cards to hold all the chips, "Board 1" held the analog circuits, while "Board 2" held the bus interface and digital logic. The two cards were connected together with

3621-406: The modulated color signal overlaps that of the baseband signal, and separation relies on the fact that frequency components of the baseband signal tend to be near harmonics of the horizontal scanning rate, while the color carrier is selected to be an odd multiple of half the horizontal scanning rate; this produces a modulated color signal that consists mainly of harmonic frequencies that fall between

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3692-602: The most successful personal computers at that time. Popular Electronics had many other computer projects such as the Altair 680, the Speechlab voice recognition board and the COSMAC ELF . They did not have the field to themselves. A dedicated computer magazine, Byte , was started in September 1975. It was soon followed by other new magazines. By the end of 1977, fully assembled computers such as Apple II , Radio Shack TRS-80 , and

3763-504: The only way to purchase the product some time after. Sales were so fruitful that Melen and Garland formed Cromemco to sell the Dazzler and their other Altair add-ons, selecting a name based on Crothers Memorial Hall, their residence while attending Stanford. When Federico Faggin 's new company - Zilog - introduced the Z80 , Cromemco branched out into their own line of Z80-based S-100 compatible computers almost immediately. Over time these became

3834-660: The proper carrier (often for channel 3 or 4 in North America , channel 36 in Europe ). Sometimes this modulator is built into the product (such as video game consoles, VCRs, or the Atari , Commodore 64 , or TRS-80 CoCo home-computers), is an external unit powered by the computer ( TI-99/4A ), or with an independent power supply. Because of the digital television transition most television sets no longer have analog television tuners but DVB-T and ATSC digital ones. They therefore cannot accept

3905-408: The reference subcarrier. In PAL, the phase of the 4.43 MHz color subcarrier alternates on successive lines. In SECAM, no colorburst is used since phase information is irrelevant. The combining of component signals to form the composite signal does the same, causing a checkerboard video artifact known as dot crawl . Dot crawl is a defect that results from crosstalk due to the intermodulation of

3976-640: The trademark on Popular Electronics. It was used in Radio-Craft from 1943 until 1948. Ziff-Davis bought the trademark and started Popular Electronics with the October 1954 issue. Many of the editors and authors worked for both Ziff-Davis magazines. Initially Oliver Read was the editor of both Radio & Television News and Popular Electronics . Read was promoted to Publisher in June 1956. Oliver Perry Ferrell took over as editor of Popular Electronics and William A. Stocklin became editor of Radio & Television News . In Radio & TV News John T. Frye wrote

4047-467: The video information required to recreate a color picture, as well as line and frame synchronization pulses. The color video signal is a linear combination of the luminance (Y) of the picture and a chrominance subcarrier which carries the color information (C), a combination of hue and saturation . Details of the combining process vary between the NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems. The frequency spectrum of

4118-514: The visible TV image can be transmitted using composite video. Since TV screens hide the vertical blanking interval of a composite video signal, these take advantage of the unseen parts of the signal. Examples of extensions include teletext , closed captioning , information regarding the show title, a set of reference colors that allows TV sets to automatically correct NTSC hue maladjustments, widescreen signaling (WSS) for switching between 4:3 and 16:9 display formats, etc. In home applications,

4189-475: The whole signal. Hardware typically samples at four times the color subcarrier frequency (4fsc) that includes the vertical blanking interval (VBI). Only commercial video capture devices used in broadcast output images with the extra VBI space. Direct sampling with high-speed ADCs and software time base correction has allowed projects like the open-source CVBS-Decode to create a D-2 like 4fsc stream that preserves and allows full presentation and inspection of

4260-458: The years 1966 to 1971 SWTPC's authors wrote 64 articles and had 25 cover stories in Popular Electronics . (Don Lancaster alone had 23 articles and 10 were cover stories.) The San Antonio Express-News did a feature story on Southwest Technical Products in November 1972. "Meyer built his mail-order business from scratch to more than $ 1 million in sales in six years." The company was shipping 100 kits

4331-433: Was a growing pastime. Heathkit and many others offered kits that included all of the parts with detailed instructions. The premier cover shows the assembly of a Heathkit A-7B audio amplifier. Popular Electronics would offer projects that were built from scratch; that is, the individual parts were purchased at a local electronics store or by mail order. The early issues often showed these as father and son projects. Most of

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4402-552: Was called "POP'tronics News Scope." In January 2000 a successor magazine was renamed Poptronics . In the 1960s, Fawcett Publications had a competing magazine, Electronics Illustrated . The cover showed a 15-inch (38 cm) black and white TV kit by Conar that cost $ 135. The feature construction story was a "Radiation Fallout Monitor" for "keeping track of the radiation level in your neighborhood." (The Cuban Missile Crisis happened that October.) Other construction projects included "The Fish Finder", an underwater temperature probe;

4473-433: Was given a column called Transistor Topics (June 1956). Transistors soon cost less than a dollar and transistor projects became common in every issue of Popular Electronics . The column was renamed to Solid State in 1965 and ran under his byline until December 1978. The July 1962 issue had 112 pages, the editor was Oliver P. Ferrell and the monthly circulation was 400,000. The magazine had a full page of electronics news that

4544-483: Was in Electronics World (May 1960) and latter he had a 2 part cover feature for Radio-Electronics (October, November 1962). The March 1963 issue of Popular Electronics featured his ultrasonic listening device on the cover. Don Lancaster graduated from Lafayette College (1961) and Arizona State University (1966). A 1960s fad was to have colored lights synchronized with music. This psychedelic lighting

4615-466: Was made economical by the development of the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). Don's first published article was "Solid-State 3-Channel Color Organ" in the April 1963 issue of Electronics World . He was paid $ 150 for the story. The projects in Popular Electronics changed from vacuum tube to solid state in the early 1960s. Tube circuits used a metal chassis with sockets, transistor circuits worked best on

4686-511: Was moved from the Table of Contents page to the cover. There is debate about what machine was the first personal computer, the Altair 8800 (1975), the Mark-8 (1974), or even back to Kenbak-1 (1971). The computer in the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics captured the attention of the 400,000 or so readers. Before then, home computers were lucky to sell a hundred units. The Altair sold thousands in

4757-506: Was providing the kits for other authors such as Lou Garner. In 1967 he sold a kit for Don Lancaster's "IC-67 Metal Locator". In early 1967 Meyer moved his growing business from his home to a new building on a 3-acre (12,000 m ) site in San Antonio. The Daniel E. Meyer Company (DEMCO) became Southwest Technical Products Corporation ( SWTPC ) that fall. In 1967, Popular Electronics had 6 articles by Dan Meyer and 4 by Don Lancaster. Seven of that year's cover stories featured kits sold by SWTPC. In

4828-465: Was renamed to Popular Electronics in February 1989. This version was published until it was merged with Electronics Now to become Poptronics in January 2000. In late 2002, Gernsback Publications went out of business and the January 2003 Poptronics was the last issue. Composite video Composite video is an baseband analog video format that typically carries a 405 , 525 or 625 line interlaced black and white or color signal, on

4899-467: Was sold to Gernsback Publications , and their Hands-On Electronics magazine was renamed to Popular Electronics in February 1989, and published until December 1999. The Popular Electronics trademark was then acquired by John August Media, who revived the magazine, the digital edition of which is hosted at TechnicaCuriosa.com, along with sister titles, Mechanix Illustrated and Popular Astronomy . A cover story on Popular Electronics could launch

4970-558: Was started by Ziff-Davis Publishing Company in October 1954 for electronics hobbyists and experimenters. It soon became the "World's Largest-Selling Electronics Magazine". In April 1957, Ziff-Davis reported an average net paid circulation of 240,151 copies. Popular Electronics was published until October 1982 when, in November 1982, Ziff-Davis launched a successor magazine, Computers & Electronics . During its last year of publication by Ziff-Davis, Popular Electronics reported an average monthly circulation of 409,344 copies. The title

5041-431: Was used for two years. The large photo of the feature project was gone, replaced by a textual list of articles. In August 1974 the magazine switched to a larger letter size format ( 8.5 in × 11 in ). This was done to allow larger illustrations such as schematics, to switch printing to offset presses, and respond to advertisers desire for larger ad pages. The longtime tag line, "World's Largest Selling Electronics Magazine",

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