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68-581: Since the ninth century, the Duchy of Croatia (later Kingdom ) engaged in naval battles, struggling to maintain control over the eastern Adriatic coast and Adriatic merchant routes. Commemorating the first recorded Croat naval victory, when the subjects of Croatian duke Branimir defeated the Venetian naval expedition on September 18, 887, the Croatian Navy Day is celebrated yearly on September 18. Croatian fleet

136-647: A distinct Croatian Navy was founded in 1991, naval education went through various reforms and changes. Currently officers to be commissioned into the Croatian Navy receive their undergraduate education at Croatian Military Academy in Zagreb, which also hosts staff colleges and war colleges. A specific naval education and training centre is set up in Lora naval base in Split. Croatian Military Academy and Split University as of 2016 are in

204-587: A letter revealing his intentions to entrust his people and his country to the Apostolic See . The Pope replied to his requests, praising his initiative and in 879 the Duchy under Branimir, now free of Frankish suzerainty, received papal recognition as a state. The second half of the 9th century marked a significant increase in papal influence in the Southeastern Europe . Pope John VIII complained to Domagoj about

272-532: A long history of naval education and training. Between 1857 and 1918 an Austro-Hungarian naval academy was located in Rijeka with NCO training school in Šibenik. Royal Yugoslav Navy founded a three-year naval academy in Gruž ( Dubrovnik ) in 1923 (later joined by naval staff college in 1937) while a school for petty officers was opened in Šibenik . Post-WWII Yugoslav Navy set up a "Maršal Tito" naval academy in Split. After

340-515: A maximum sustained speed of at least 28 knots. They will be armed with a Turkish made 30 mm Aselsan SMASH stabilized remote weapon station and two 12.7mm heavy machine guns along with a MANPADS launcher. The order was placed with Brodosplit in April 2015 and the keel of the first ship was laid in September of the same year. As projected, the first vessel was to enter service in the beginning of 2017,

408-643: A part of the Coast Guard. Croatian forces also operate about 20 other auxiliary vessels and crafts. The Coast Guard's backbone are four Mirna class patrol boats built during the early 1980s. Their radar equipment was modernized in 2007 and stern anti-aircraft guns have been replaced with a hoist with semi- rigid-hulled inflatable boats in 2009-2012 to help in their intercepting duties. These aging patrol boats will be replaced in 2016-9 with 5 OOB-39 project ships currently under construction in Brodosplit shipyard, which

476-612: A part of the Croats were still pagan. The Franks gained control of Pannonia and Dalmatia in the 790s and the first decade of the ninth century. In 788 Charlemagne , after conquering Lombardy , turned further east and subjugated Istria . In the 790s, Duke Vojnomir of Pannonia accepted the Frankish overlordship, whose land the Franks placed under the March of Friuli and tried to extend their rule over

544-593: A part of western Herzegovina , western and central Bosnia , then into Lika, Gacka and Krbava , and North-West to Vinodol and Labin in the Croatian Littoral area. Several coastal Dalmatian cities were under the rule of the Byzantines , including Split , Zadar , Kotor and Dubrovnik , as well as islands of Hvar and Krk . To the south Croatia bordered with the land of the Narentines , which stretched from

612-525: A small minehunter LM-51 Korčula was built in 2006. Krešimir underwent an extensive overhaul and engine replacement in 2014 while Zvonimir , being built during international arms embargo against former Yugoslav countries in the 1990s and thus featuring a mix of Russian and western equipment, also underwent an overhaul in 2015. Navy also operates several armed landing crafts , while one school ship ( BŠ-72 Andrija Mohorovičić ) built in 1972 and one salvage ship (BS-73 Faust Vrančić ) built in 1976 are

680-581: Is administratively based in Lora naval base in Split . Current commander is ship-of-the-line captain Damir Dojkić. Today it is accordingly divided into three squadrons: The Coast Guard, founded in 2007, deals with peacetime duties, e.g. environment protection, fishing control, control of tankers , ballast waters , anti-terrorist activities, combating narcotics and trafficking of people etc. The Coast Guard's mission

748-591: Is inscribed on a stone fragment from an altar screen of the Rižinice monastery church. He is more expressly remembered as the founder of the House of Trpimirović , a native Croat dynasty that ruled, with interruptions, from 845 until 1091 in Croatia. In 864 Duke Domagoj , founder of the House of Domagojević , usurped the throne after the death of Trpimir and forced his sons, including Zdeslav , to flee to Constantinople . During

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816-488: Is not known. The Končar class missile boat Šibenik has been overhauled with new turbine engines and radars and is due to remain in service until 2018-2020. The Kralj class vessels were planned to be extensively modernized at a price of €20 million, but as a result of the recent acquisition of Helsinki class boats RTOP-11 has completed a basic overhaul and engine upgrade worth around €5 million. RTOP-12 will also be upgraded to this standard. The RBS-15 missile system

884-570: Is seen from the contract between Emperor Lothair I and Doge Tradonico, in which the Doge committed himself to defend the cities in Italy and Istria from Slavic attacks. Duke Mislav was succeeded around 845 by Trpimir I , who continued the formal legacy of being the vassal of the Frankish king Lothair I (840–855), although he managed to strengthen his personal rule in Croatia. Arab campaigns thoroughly weakened

952-408: Is the first major modernization of Croatian Navy in a while. Construction of the first out of the projected 5 vessels was scheduled to start in 2007, however the international tender for the construction of 5 vessels was published only on April 24, 2013. The tender called for the acquisition of a total of 5 inshore patrol boats which are to be 43.5 meters long, with a displacement of roughly 220 tons and

1020-679: Is to manage the Lora Naval Base in northern part of Split, including "St. Nicholas" naval barracks, and to provide logistic support for the ships and vessels in Pula (Naval Detachment North) and Ploče (Naval Detachment South). It also manages Naval Training Center in Split and a medical center specifically designed to treat maritime disease, such as decompression sickness . The rank insignia of commissioned officers . The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel . The Croatian Navy operates mostly vessels that were captured from

1088-799: Is to protect sovereign rights and carry out Croatia's jurisdiction in the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone , the continental shelf and the high seas . It also monitors vessels in the Croatian territorial waters . It provided training ship BŠ-72 Andrija Mohorovičić to EU 's Operation Triton , rescuing migrants off the coast of Sicily in 2015. Its current commander is ship-of-the-line captain Ivo Raffanelli. It consists of two squadrons: Four Air Force Mil Mi-171sh helicopters (based at Divulje airfield near Split) and two Pilatus PC-9 planes (based at Zemunik Air Base ) are operationally attached to

1156-502: The Adriatic . In the later phases of the war, they cooperated closely with the Royal Navy . After the war, Socialist Yugoslav Navy , sprung up from the partisan navy, had Split as its HQ and mainly used shipyards in Šibenik , Split, Kraljevica, Rijeka and Pula. In 1991, after the federal Yugoslav armed forces sided with Serbian leadership under Milošević and decided to fight against

1224-536: The Battle of the Bosnian Highlands . In 927 Pope John X sent his legates to mediate a peace treaty between Croats and Bulgarians. During these years Croatia was elevated to the status of a kingdom . It is generally said that Duke Tomislav was crowned king in 925, but this is not certain since it is not known when and where was he crowned, or was he crowned at all. However, Tomislav was the first Croatian ruler whom

1292-576: The Byzantine Empire for rule over the area. Croatian rivalry with Venice emerged in the first decades of the 9th century and would continue through the following centuries. Croatia also waged battles with the Bulgarian Empire (founded c.  681 ; Bulgar-Croatian relations improved greatly afterwards) and with the Arabs ; it also sought to extend its control over important coastal cities under

1360-694: The Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995), especially after acquiring strategically important RBS-15 B missiles. In 2009 Croatia joined NATO and the Navy was restructured in the process. In addition to that, in 2007 it was reorganized by dividing the personnel and vessels with newly founded Coast Guard, which remained a part of the Navy. Two former Helsinki class missile boats , FNS Oulu and FNS Kotka , were acquired from Finland. They were renamed Vukovar and Dubrovnik respectively (both cities were almost completely destroyed by Serbian and Montenegro shelling during

1428-835: The Croatian war of independence ), and entered service in December, 2008. They were acquired along with a considerable amount of spare parts (most notably three MTU engines - to be installed on Kralj class vessels) due to a severe shortage of vessels at present. The price of these ships was €9 million and is considered rather symbolic, mostly because it was a part of the offset deal for the previous Croatian acquisition of Patria AMV armoured vehicles. The ships reached their full operational capability in June, 2009. The 2015 Strategic Defence Review envisages an overhaul and upgrade suitable for 'interception duties' to be completed in 2020. A revised out-of-service date

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1496-505: The Entente navies soon captured nearly all vessels and divided them among themselves. Croatian officers and sailors continued to man the new Royal Yugoslav Navy (1918–1941) until its demise during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia . During World War II Croatian partisans formed a guerilla Partisan Navy consisting of makeshift vessels in 1942, resisting Italian (and later German ) occupation of

1564-670: The River Kupa and began to ravage Dalmatia, but harsh conditions and constant attacks from Borna's men forced Ljudevit to retreat. In 821 Borna died and was succeeded by his nephew Vladislav . The Duchy of Croatia was located between two major powers of the Middle Ages: the Eastern Roman Empire in the East which controlled the Dalmatian cities and islands and aimed to extend their rule over

1632-472: The bishop of Rome , and was sent to them to be baptised in the time of Porinos their prince. Their land was divided in eleven zupanias , which are: Hlebiana , Tzenzena, Emota , Pleba, Pesenta, Parathalassia, Brebere, Nona, Tnena, Sidraga, Nina, and their ban has Kribasan, Litzan, Goutzeska. Although the Christianization of Croats began right after their arrival to Dalmatia, in the early 9th century

1700-585: The disintegrating Yugoslav Navy during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. Most of those have been extensively overhauled or modernized (such as Šibenik  (RTOP-21) , extensively overhauled in 1991 to match the Kralj class ), especially after the navy introduced RBS-15 B missiles in its service instead of Soviet P-20s that used to be standard Yugoslav equipment. However, out of five missile boats, main combatant vessels, only Šibenik served under Yugoslav flag. Some ships were captured laid or unfinished in

1768-565: The war between the Byzantium and Bulgaria of Simeon I, in about 923, the Byzantines concluded an alliance with Croatia. Prior to that the Bulgarians had several decisive victories against the Byzantines, capturing Adrianople and endangering Constantinople. In 924, Simeon I deposed Zaharija from rule in Serbia , who fled to Croatia. In 926, Simeon's troops invaded Croatia, but were severely defeated in

1836-662: The "Realm of the Croats ", since Trpimir was not a king. The term regnum was also used by other dukes of that time as a sign of their independence. This charter also documents his ownership of the Klis Fortress, from where his rule was centered, and mentions Mislav's donations to the Archbishopric of Split . In the proximity of his court in Klis , in Rižinice, Trpimir built a church and the first Benedictine monastery in Croatia. Trpimir's name

1904-557: The 2015 strategic defence review envisages the procurement of a second-hand OPV by 2024. Politicians and military figures continue to discuss construction of a domestic-build OPVs or surface combatants in the post-2020 time period but this is an unfunded project. The Navy commander, rear admiral Stipanović , stated in October 2016 that the introduction of a new missile system (replacing the existing RBS-15) will be planned accordingly and executed together with construction of new OPVs. Croatia has

1972-502: The Arabs, but later actions of the Franks under the rule of Carloman of Bavaria led to a revolt by Domagoj against the Frankish rule. The revolt succeeded and Frankish overlordship in Dalmatia ended, but was to continue a little longer over Lower Pannonia . Domagoj's rule also saw increased Byzantine influence in the area, especially reflected in the establishment of Theme of Dalmatia . After

2040-497: The Avars after that lengthy war the Croats migrated across the Sava from Pannonia Savia and settled Dalmatia on their own. In either case, a revised Avar alliance retook Pannonia in 677 but only as far as the Sava and Danube. By the early 9th century, Croatia emerged as a political entity with a duke as head of the state, territorially in the basins of the rivers Cetina, Krka and Zrmanja . It

2108-667: The Byzantine Empire and Venice, which was used in the advance of the Croatian duke in 846 and 848. In 846, Trpimir successfully attacked the Byzantine coastal cities and their patricius . Between 854 and 860, he successfully defended his land from the Bulgarian invasion under Knyaz Boris I of Bulgaria , somewhere in Northeastern Bosnia , concluding a peace treaty with Boris and exchanging gifts. Constantine Porphyrogenitus mentions

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2176-466: The Coast Guard for maritime SAR and navy support and maritime patrol duties, respectively. The Sea Surveillance Battalion operates four Enhanced Peregrine naval radar posts at Lastovo , Dugi Otok , Mljet and Vis and additional nine GEM SC-2050XS naval radar posts at Savudrija, Brijuni, Mali Lošinj, Dugi Otok, Žirje, Vis, Lastovo, Mljet and Molunat. The battalion also operates the navy's signals and communications equipment. The Split naval base's task

2244-532: The Croatian forces. Croatia also waged battles with the Magyars during the early 10th century. According to the palaeographic analysis of the original manuscript of De Administrando Imperio , assumed number of inhabitants in medieval Croatia estimated between 440,000 and 880,000 people, and military numbers of Franks and Byzantines, the military force was most probably composed of 20,000–100,000 infantrymen, and 3,000–24,000 horsemen organized in 60 allagions . During

2312-643: The Croatians of Dalmatia. In 799, the Franks under the leadership of Eric of Friuli were defeated in the Battle of Trsat in Liburnia . However, from 803 Frankish rule was recognized in most of northern Dalmatia. The Franks also waged wars with the Byzantine Empire until a peace treaty, known as the Pax Nicephori , was signed in 812. By that treaty the Byzantines retained control of the coastal cities and islands in Dalmatia, while acknowledging Frankish rule over Istria and

2380-584: The Dalmatian hinterland. From c. 810 Borna, who resided in Nin, ruled most of northern Dalmatia and was a vassal of the Carolingian Empire . Borna was Duke of the Guduscani , a Croatian tribe that lived along the river Guduča near Bribir in northern Dalmatia, later the center of the Croatian state. His rule was marked by the rebellion of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks, who defeated Borna in 819 somewhere near

2448-676: The Dalmatian regions" ( in prouintia Croatorum et Dalmatiarum finibus Tamisclao rege ). In the 12th canon of the Council conclusions in 925 the ruler of the Croats is called "king" ( rex et proceres Chroatorum ), while in a letter sent by the Pope John X Tomislav is named "King of the Croats" ( Tamisclao, regi Crouatorum ). Although there are no inscriptions of Tomislav to confirm the title, later inscriptions and charters confirm that his 10th century successors called themselves "kings". Sveto Letica Sveto Letica (4 April 1926 – 6 November 2001)

2516-458: The Duchy of Pannonia, endangering Croatia. Muncimir ruled until about 910 when he was succeeded by Tomislav , the last duke and the first king of Croatia. Venetian chronicler John the Deacon wrote that in 912 a Venetian ambassador, returning from Bulgaria, passed through Croatian territory before reaching the land of Zahumlje, which suggests that Croatia at the time also bordered Bulgaria, then under

2584-429: The Duchy. The state is sometimes called a principality , i.e. the "Principality of Croatia". The first recorded name for the Duchy was "Land of the Croats" ( Latin : regnum Croatorum ) in 852. Croatia was not yet a kingdom at the time and the term regnum is used in terms of a country in general. In Byzantine sources the entity was usually called just "Croatia" ( Greek : Χρωβατία ). The first known duke, Borna ,

2652-543: The Navy Staff in 2013. The Navy Staff is led by a Ship-of-the-Line Captain , who apart from being the chief of the Navy Staff also serves as a deputy commander of the Navy. This position is currently held by SotL Capt. Milan Blažević. A Command company is attached to the Navy Staff. The Navy flotilla handles all tasks regarding anti-ship and anti-submarine warfare as well as minelaying and mine countermeasures , anti-terrorist activities and VIP/residential transport. Flotilla

2720-607: The Papal chancellery honoured with the title king. Tomislav is mentioned as a king in two preserved documents published in the Historia Salonitana and by the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja , where Tomislav's rule was specified at 13 years. In a note preceding the text of the Council conclusions in Split in 925 it is written that Tomislav is the king "in the province of the Croats and in

2788-591: The Republic of Croatia, to promote and protect its interest in the Adriatic Sea , islands and coast-lands. It carries and organizes the naval defense of the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Navy fulfils its role by preparing itself and carrying out the following main tasks: The following commands were created to carry out the mission of the Croatian Navy: The Navy Command in Split was reshuffled into

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2856-420: The area of the former Roman province of Dalmatia c. 7th century AD. Throughout its existence the Duchy had several seats – namely, Klis , Solin , Knin , Bijaći and Nin . It comprised the littoral – the coastal part of today's Croatia – except Istria , and included a large part of the mountainous hinterland as well. The Duchy was in the center of competition between the Carolingian Empire and

2924-561: The death of Domagoj in 876 Zdeslav, who had close ties to Byzantium, returned from exile, usurped the throne from an unnamed son of Domagoj and restored peace with Venice in 878. Duke Zdeslav's reign was short and ended in 879 when Branimir of the House of Domagojević killed him and usurped the throne. Branimir was unlike Zdeslav a proponent of Rome and returned the country to the Roman fold. He had regular contacts with Pope John VIII , to whom he sent

2992-559: The democratically elected Croatian government which proclaimed Croatia's independence , ethnically Croat naval officers and rank-and-file led by admiral Sveto Letica started forming a new Croatian Navy. Using coastal artillery batteries they forced Yugoslav ships to retreat from Croatian territorial waters while in commando actions Croatian forces and shipyard personnel seized naval equipment and 35 vessels. At least three Yugoslav patrol boats were disabled in action and two minesweepers sunk. The Croatian Navy played an important role during

3060-449: The docks and were finished by Croatians (such as Kralj Petar Krešimir IV  (RTOP-11) in 1992). Kralj Dmitar Zvonimir  (RTOP-12) (commissioned in 2001) as Krešimir' s improved design and Cetina-class minelayer-landing ships were built and commissioned in Croatia (1993 and 1995, respectively). Two Helsinki-class missile boats RTOP-41 Vukovar and RTOP-42 Dubrovnik (built in 1985/6) were purchased from Finland in 2008, while

3128-509: The end of October 1918, while Austria-Hungary was falling apart and the war was drawing to an end, emperor Charles handed the Navy over to the Zagreb People's Council , which promoted Vuković to the rank of the rear admiral and appointed him as a fleet commander. Croatian flag was hoisted on all ships in Pula (including, most notably, the flagship SMS Viribus Unitis ) and some in Kotor , but

3196-518: The entire former Roman province of Dalmatia, and the Franks in the West seeking to control the northern and northwestern lands. The Byzantine influence on Croatia was also reflected on the creation of Croatian law and in trade with the Byzantine coastal cities. In the second quarter of the 9th century the Croats began developing a navy. Along with the Narentines, who were still pagan at the time and occupied

3264-537: The obstinacy of Patriarch Ignatius who denied his jurisdiction over Bulgaria and appointed a new archbishop. The Pope also requested from Dukes Zdeslav and Branimir assistance and protection for his legates who were crossing Croatia on their way to Bulgaria . Although the exact geographical extent of the Duchy is not known, these requests confirm geographical contiguity between Croatia and Bulgaria, which bordered probably somewhere in Bosnia. Muncimir (also called Mutimir),

3332-399: The process of opening a new undergraduate 4-year naval program in Split which is to have two main course tracks: naval engineering and seamanship . Duchy of Croatia The Duchy of Croatia (Modern Croatian : Kneževina Hrvatska ; also Duchy of the Croats , Kneževina Hrvata ; Greek : Χρωβατία ) was a medieval state that was established by White Croats who migrated into

3400-731: The rank of Vice Admiral of the JNA. By decree of the President of the Presidency of the SFRY from September 1986, he was retroactively promoted to the rank of admiral. The long-time experience of Letica was precious for Croatia when the Croatian Navy was established in 1991. On 12 September 1991, the President of the Republic, Franjo Tuđman , named him Commander of the Croatian Navy. He served as supreme navy commander until his second retirement on 1 June 1996. He

3468-453: The region for a few decades until they were driven out by the Croats. The earliest recorded Croatian archons, referred to by the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus , was father of Porga and Porga himself. After their participation in Samo ’s and of Kubrat 's Bulgarian defeat of the Avars in 632, White Croats were either invited into Dalmatia by the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) and allowed to settle there, or prevailing

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3536-482: The rivers Cetina to Neretva , and had the islands of Brač , Hvar, Korčula , Mljet , Vis and Lastovo in its possession. In the southern part of Dalmatia , there was Zahumlje (Zachumlia), Travunia and Dioclea (today Montenegro ). North of Croatia there was the Duchy of Lower Pannonia . Croatia, as well as other early medieval states, didn't have a permanent capital and Croatian dukes resided in various places on their courts. The first important center of Croatia

3604-405: The rule of Simeon I . In Historia Salonitana , a chronicle from the 13th century written by Thomas the Archdeacon from Split, Tomislav was mentioned as Duke of Croatia in 914. According to De Administrando Imperio , Croatia at the time had 100,000 infantrymen and 60,000 horsemen, 80 large ships and 100 smaller vessels, but these numbers are viewed as a clear exaggeration and an overemphasis of

3672-531: The rule of Byzantium . Croatia experienced periods of vassalage to the Franks or to the Byzantines and of de facto independence until 879, when Duke Branimir was recognized as an independent ruler by Pope John VIII . The Duchy was ruled by the Trpimirović and Domagojević dynasties from 845 to 1091. Around 925, during the rule of Tomislav , Croatia became a kingdom . "Dalmatian Croatia" ( Dalmatinska Hrvatska ) and "Littoral Croatia" ( Primorska Hrvatska ) are modern appellations amongst historians for

3740-431: The rule of Domagoj piracy was a common practice in the Adriatic. The pirates attacked Christian sailors, including a ship with papal legates returning from the Eighth Catholic Ecumenical Council , thus forcing the Pope to intervene by asking Domagoj to stop piracy, but his efforts were of no avail. Domagoj waged wars with the Arabs , Venetians and Franks. In 871, he helped the Franks, as their vassal, to seize Bari from

3808-481: The second and third in 2017, the fourth in 2018 and the last one in 2019. Units were projected to cost around 10 million euros, respectively. The first prototype ship, OOB-31 "Omiš" was commissioned by the Croatian Navy on 7 December 2018. Four additional ships are under construction at Brodosplit shipyard as of November 2020. Previously reported plans for the purchase of 2-4 offshore patrol vessels (OPV) or corvettes have been cancelled due to budgetary constraints but

3876-451: The territory of the river Neretva mouth, they were active in the Adriatic Sea and made shipping and traveling in the area hazardous, especially for Venice. Therefore, in 839 the Venetians under Doge Pietro Tradonico attacked the eastern coast of the Adriatic, including Croatia, but during the assault they signed peace with their ruler, princeps Mislav ( Latin : principe Muisclavo ), who ruled from Klis near Split. The peace treaty

3944-466: The traditional friendship between the Bulgarians and Croatians , who coexisted peacefully up to that time. In a Latin charter preserved in a rewrite from 1568, dated to 4 March 852 or, according to a newer research, about 840, Trpimir refers to himself as "leader of the Croats with the help of God" ( Latin : dux Croatorum iuvatus munere divino ); his land, called " Kingdom of the Croats " ( Latin : regnum Croatorum ), can simply be interpreted as

4012-462: The youngest son of Trpimir, came to throne after the death of Branimir (c. 892), which marked the return of the House of Trpimirović to power. A Latin charter from Biaći near Trogir dated to 28 September 892 named Muncimir "Duke of the Croats" ( Latin : Croatorum dux ). During his rule, in the late 9th century the Hungarians crossed the Carpathians and entered the Carpathian Basin . They invaded northern Italy and also defeated Duke Braslav from

4080-411: Was Klis near Split, where Duke Trpimir I resided. Other dukes ruled from the towns of Solin , Knin , Biaći and Nin . Most of Dalmatia in the 7th century was under the Avar Khaganate , a nomadic confederacy led by the Avars who subjugated surrounding Slavic tribes. In 614 the Avars and Slavs sacked and destroyed the capital of the province of Dalmatia, Salona , and retained direct control of

4148-429: Was a Croatian admiral , and the first commander of the Croatian Navy . Letica was born in 1926 in Podgora , where he was involved in creating a Partisan Navy in 1942. He graduated at the Naval and War Academy. For 20 years he served on different warships of the Yugoslav Navy . He was Fleet commander, he was chief of a naval region, and before his retirement he served in Generalštab of JNA . He retired in 1986 with

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4216-965: Was a constituent part of these states. When Croatia was a part of Austria-Hungary , its Adriatic coast was essentially the only access to sea this Central European state had. A Habsburg arsenal and a naval shipyard were established in Kraljevica in 1729, while naval bases, schools, shipyards, headquarters and a naval academy were later set up in Pula and Rijeka . Navy's emblem included Croatian coat of arms . Many highly ranked officers came from Croatia: grand admiral Maximilian Njegovan , ship-of-the-line captain Janko Vuković Podkapelski and others. In 1885, 44.9% of sailors and NCOs and 10.3% of naval officers came from Croatia, while in 1910 those shares dropped to 29.8% and 9.8%, respectively. Czech military historian Jindřich Marek points out that "Croats were more often applied to heavy labour as stokers and deck hands " and were at comparative disadvantage due to their lack of swimming and German language skills. At

4284-437: Was administered in 11 counties ( županija ). According to De Administrando Imperio , the Croats in Pannonia were subject to the Franks for several years, '' as they had formerly been in their own country '', until they rebelled and defeated the Franks after a seven-year war, but it is not known on which specific war and time span this refers to. From that point on, they were independent, and demanded to be baptised from

4352-416: Was defined as "Duke of the Croats" (Latin: Dux Cruatorvm ) on a preserved inscription from Šopot near Benkovac . Within the area of the Roman province of Dalmatia , various tribal groupings, which were called sclaviniae by the Byzantines , were settled along the Adriatic coast. Croatia in the early Middle Ages was an area bounded by the Eastern Adriatic hinterland on one side, then extended to

4420-426: Was due to be scrapped but this decision was reversed in 2014 and an upgrade to 20 units will be completed by 2018. Successful live firing of the upgraded missiles was conducted from a mobile launcher and from RTOP-12 during 2015 (the first missile firing exercise by the Croatian Navy since 1994) and again from RTOP-42 during 2016. The mission of the Croatian Navy (HRM) is to defend the integrity and sovereignty of

4488-411: Was named "Duke of Dalmatia" (Latin: Dux Dalmatiae ) and later "Duke of Dalmatia and Liburnia" (Latin: Dux Dalmatiae atque Liburniae ) in the Annales regni Francorum . The Croatian name is recorded in contemporary charters of Croatian dukes from the second half of the 9th century. Trpimir I was named "Duke of the Croats" (Latin: Dux Chroatorum ) in a Latin charter issued in 852, while Branimir

4556-425: Was particularly active under duke Domagoj and king Petar Krešimir IV . Royal Croatian-Dalmatian navy with 12-15 galleys existed under Louis I in central Dalmatia in the 14th century. Afterwards Venetian Republic established control over most of Croatian coast until 1797. Modern foundations of Croatian Navy can be traced back to Austro-Hungarian Navy (1797–1918) and Yugoslav Navy (1918–1941, 1942–1991) when Croatia

4624-421: Was signed at a place named St. Martin. The Doge also attacked Narentine islands, but failed to defeat them and made peace with their leader, who is mentioned as count Drosaico by the chronicler John the Deacon . However, the peace treaty was short-lasting and next year the Venetians were defeated by the Narentines under count Diuditum . Piracy continued in the Adriatic, as well as hostility towards Venice, which

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