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16-542: Revolutionary committees were often created in anticipation of the advances of the Red Army. In some cases they were created in places remote from the intended place of action, as was the case with the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee . In other cases they were created underground from local populations under the guidance of Bolsheviks, subsequently organizing an insurgency and then inviting

32-661: A similar Galician Revolutionary Committee ( Galrevkom ), seated in Tarnopol in Eastern Galicia . The TKRP was met with relative enthusiasm in Białystok which had about 75% Jewish and working class majority. However, as the Red Army moved on towards Warsaw, it and Polrewkom had little support from the Polish population. On 22 August 1920 the Polrevkom moved out of Białystok to Minsk with

48-530: The Branicki Palace and issued public proclamations. For their efforts they received from Moscow over 2 billion rubles . It is seen, like many other Bolshevik revolutionary committees, as a Bolshevik puppet government . The committee consisted of the following members: The Polrevkom activity was related to the North-Western Front of the Red Army. The South-Western front of the Red Army supported

64-643: The Polish-Soviet War , the Soviets did not give up their idea of creating a Soviet Republic in Poland. Polish National Districts were supposed to be the origin of future Soviet Poland. They both were disbanded in mid-1930s and a significant part of their populations ("anti-Soviet and unreliable elements") was deported to Kazakhstan during the Great Purge . The possibility of granting autonomy to Polish-populated areas of

80-549: The Zhitomir Oblast , their number reached 10%. Among persons who supported the district were Soviet communists of Polish origin, such as Feliks Kon , Julian Marchlewski , Felix Dzerzhinsky and Tomasz Dąbal . Thus Marchlewszczyzna was created, and later Dzierżyńszczyzna. Marchlewszczyzna was a Polish National District of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic created as an experiment and as part of

96-565: The Red Army for help, as in the case of the Azerbaijani Revkom , which seized power in Baku when English troops were evacuated and then asked Moscow for help. Some revkoms were successful, while others were not. There were different levels of revkoms , according to the administrative divisions: republican, inherited from the Russian Empire ( guberniya , uyezd , volost ), and at

112-715: The Soviet Korenizatsia campaign on 21 July 1925 in Zhytomyr Okruha  [ ru ] to the west of Zhytomyr on resolution of Little Presidium of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee . Its capital the town of Dovbysh , later in 1926, was renamed as Marchlewsk . Dzierżyńszczyzna was a Polish National District (Дзержинский польский национальный район, Dzierzhynsky Polish national district) in Belarus , near Minsk and close to

128-640: The Soviet Union in the interbellum period providing national autonomy for Polish minorities in the Ukrainian and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republics of the USSR . They were created in an attempt to live up to the postulate of Leninism about the rights of nations for self-determination . Also, creation of these regions served one of purposes of the Bolsheviks to export the revolution since after their defeat in

144-589: The Soviet Union was discussed during the Polish-Soviet war by key persons involved in the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee . However, there were no plans to create whole districts; autonomy would be granted to separate villages. In 1925 it was decided that a district would be created in Soviet Ukraine , where, according to the 1926 survey, 476,435 Poles lived. This was 1.6% of the Ukrainian population, but in

160-552: The Soviet-Polish border of the time. It was created on March 15, 1932, with its capital at Dzierżyńsk (formerly known as Kojdanava Polish : Kojdanów , so that initially it was established as "Kojdanovsky Polish national district"). It was named after the Cheka director Felix Dzerzhinsky . Similarly to Marchlewszczyzna, limited Polish autonomy in the area was a real fact, with Polish-language schools, libraries and institutions. At

176-601: The defeat of the Red Army, and was dissolved soon afterwards. A significant number of the key persons involved were later instrumental in creation of the Polish Autonomous District within the Soviet Union . Polish Autonomous District Polish National Districts (called in Russian "полрайоны", polrajony , an abbreviation for "польские национальные районы", "Polish national raions ") were national districts of

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192-558: The grassroots level rural revkoms. According to the decree of VTsIK (central Soviet legislative body ), On Revolutionary Committees (October 24, 1919), there were three major types of revkoms: In most territories all lower level revkoms were abolished by January 1920, with some exceptions: Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee The Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee ( Polish : Tymczasowy Komitet Rewolucyjny Polski , Polrewkom ; Russian : Временный революционный комитет Польши , Польревком ) (July–August 1920)

208-560: The same time, the inhabitants were subject to intensive communist propaganda. Religious life was suppressed, and the campaign of collectivization, carried out in mid-1930s, met resistance of local Polish peasants. Unlike Marchlewszczyzna, which was the real center of Polish cultural life in the Soviet Union, Dzierżyńszczyzna's influence was limited. Polish districts were among those which resisted Soviet collectivization and atheization . For political reasons, drastic measures were initially not applied in these areas. Eventually, Marchlewszczyzna

224-794: Was a revolutionary committee established during the Polish–Soviet War under the patronage of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic with the goal to establish a soviet republic within Poland , or a Polish Soviet Socialist Republic constituent in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Polrevkom was created on 23 July 1920, in Moscow by the Polish Bureau of Bolsheviks , with chairman Julian Marchlewski . The decision

240-428: Was disbanded in 1935 at the onset of the Great Purge and most of the administration was executed. In the following years a significant part of population was deported to Kazakhstan and other remote areas of the Soviet Union. Dzierżyńszczyzna was disbanded in 1937. All Polish schools and libraries were closed, Tomasz Dąbal was executed in 1938. After World War II , in both Polish and Soviet historiographies ,

256-733: Was made during the initial successes of the Red Army during the Polish–Soviet War with the goal of providing administration of the Polish territories. The committee was declared "provisional", because it was assumed that after a Soviet victory the power would be transferred to the Polish Communist Workers' Party . The Polrevkom was assembled on 24 July in Smolensk , with its headquarters in an armored train , which quickly proceeded to Minsk (25 July), Wilno (27 July), and arrived to Białystok on 30 July 1920. It set up permanent headquarters in

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