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45-638: The Central Valley is commonly considered to extend from the city of San Ramón in Alajuela in the west, to the city of Paraíso in Cartago in the east. The mountains north of the valley are part of the Central Range. There are four main volcanoes north of the valley, namely Poás , Barva , Irazú and Turrialba . The mountains that round the plateau to the south form part of the Talamanca Range . A smaller range,

90-406: A downtown or financial center, only 18% of the canton population inhabits these districts). In 2022, the canton had 0.92 men per woman, a small change from 0.90 men per woman in 2011. In 2000, the province had 100% of urban population. 17.33% of its inhabitants are under ten, and 7.67% are over 65. According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code , mayors are elected every four years by the population of

135-401: A number of theaters, many with European-inspired architecture. These buildings serve as the city's main tourist attractions, not only because of their architecture, but because of the cultural, musical, and artistic presentations and activities, which include traditional and modern Costa Rican and San Josefinan culture. The most well-known are: The National Theater of Costa Rica (considered

180-501: A rural and mountainous place like Fraijanes . Humidity varies from 75% (10% of volatility) in Pavas, to 87% (rarely descending to less than 80%) in Fraijanes. The Central Valley had been traditionally the favorite place for Costa Ricans to live, and even today it contains an unequal distribution of population of the country, in relation to its size. This is because of the fertility of land in

225-460: A year later. That year St. Joseph was chosen as parish patron, hence its name. The chapel, which was very modest, was erected with help from the church of Cartago. Unlike neighboring Cartago, San José was not founded by formal decree and thus lacked a city government. It was not until the enactment of the Constitution of Cádiz in 1812 that San José had its first city government. On 18 October 1813,

270-691: Is Deportivo Saprissa , which has won a record 36 league titles. The team plays its home games at the Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá , which is located in Tibas . Another top-level club, Universidad , plays at the Estadio Ecológico. San José hosted the 2015 FIBA COCABA Championship , where the Costa Rica national basketball team finished 2nd. Playground was the Gimnasio Nacional . San José

315-775: Is also host to various museums. These museums allow visitors to view Costa Rican history, scientific discoveries, pre-Columbian era culture and art, as well as modern Costa Rican art. The city is also host to the nation's museum of gold and museum of jade. Some of the city's main museums are: San José is home to many parks and squares (plazas in Spanish); where one can find gazebos, open green areas, recreational areas, lakes, fountains, statues and sculptures by Costa Rican artists and many different bird, tree and plant species. The city's primary parks include: Plazas , or town squares , are very prominent across San José's districts. San José has several internal transportation networks that connect

360-577: Is colloquially known as Ciudad de San Ramón (San Ramón City). However, cities are no longer a valid administrative division in Costa Rica, by municipal codex law 7794 of April 30, 1998. The district lies at an elevation of 1,057 m (3,468 ft) above sea level in the Cordillera de Tilarán . San Ramon is located 55 kilometers northeast of Puntarenas on the Gulf of Nicoya , 44 kilometers northwest of

405-706: Is generally not spicy. Throughout San José, the most popular food is the national dish of gallo pinto ("painted chicken"), which is black beans served with white rice. Gallo pinto is usually served for breakfast with tortillas and natilla , a thin sour cream. Costa Rican restaurants serving traditional food at an affordable price are called sodas and usually offer substantial casados for lunch and dinner. A casado (meaning "married" or "married man" in Spanish) consists of rice, beans, and meat, with cabbage-and-tomato salad, fried plantains, and tortillas. San José Central Market , in downtown San José, has numerous food markets and sodas. The city's major football club

450-648: Is in charge of all of Costa Rica's railways. In 2004, this institution began work on the establishment of an inter-urban railway network. This network would connect Tibás, Heredia, San Antonio de Belén, Pavas, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Sabanilla, and Curridabat, among other locations. There are plans to expand this inter-urban railway system into Cartago, Alajuela, and the Juan Santamaría International Airport. Trains run to Heredia from Estación Atlantico and San Antonio de Belen and from Estación Pacifico . San José public taxi services complement

495-627: Is named in honor of Joseph of Nazareth . Founded in 1736 by order of Cabildo de León , the population of San José rose during the 18th century through the use of colonial planning. It has historically been a city of strategic importance, having been the capital of Costa Rica three times. More than a million people pass through it daily. It is home to the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica , the National Theatre of Costa Rica , and La Sabana Metropolitan Park . Juan Santamaría International Airport serves

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540-429: Is simultaneously one of Costa Rica's cantons , with its municipal land area covering 44.62 square kilometers (17.23 square miles) and having within it an estimated population of 352,381 people in 2022. Together with several other cantons of the central valley, including Alajuela , Heredia and Cartago , it forms the country's Greater Metropolitan Area , with an estimated population of over 2 million in 2017. The city

585-555: Is the main populated conurbation of the country, and covers an extension roughly the same as the Central Valley. San Ram%C3%B3n, Costa Rica San Ramón is a district in the canton of San Ramón in Alajuela Province in Costa Rica . The central municipality ( distrito ) of San Ramón covers an area of 1.29 km (0.50 sq mi) and has a population of 10,710. Together with adjoining distritos , it forms what

630-516: Is undergoing a modernization plan, which is expected to be brief. The previous remodeling done to the airport cost around $ 7 million. Another important airport in San José is Tobías Bolaños International Airport ( IATA : SYQ , ICAO : MRPV ). It is located 8 km (5 mi) north-west of the city proper and 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Juan Santamaría International Airport. Costa Rican cuisine, called comida típica ("traditional food"),

675-629: The 2011 census , San Ramón had a population of 8,717 inhabitants. San Jos%C3%A9, Costa Rica San José ( Spanish: [saŋ xoˈse] ; meaning "Saint Joseph") is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica , and the capital of San José Province . It is in the center of the country, in the mid-west of the Central Valley , within San José Canton . San José is Costa Rica's seat of national government, focal point of political and economic activity, and major transportation hub. San José

720-591: The Caribbean at a point north of Limón . One route runs out of the north of town directly to the popular Costa Rican destination of Volcan Arenal , and the Pan-American Highway runs just south of the city's southern edge granting easy access to all other north-south points in the country, as well as linking San Ramón to the Americas. San Ramón has an area of 1.28 km and an elevation of 1057 metres. Despite

765-520: The Carpintera Hills , which runs from north to south roughly along the border between the provinces of San José and Cartago , divides the valley into two sections. The western section is normally referred to as "Western Valley" or "Central Valley" proper and the eastern section is referred to as the Eastern Valley or "Valle del Guarco". This smaller range also impacts the weather and ecosystems of

810-431: The 2022 population estimate, San José had a population of 352,381 inhabitants, more than any other canton in the country and up from 288,054 people, according the 2011 census . The canton has a population density of 7,897.4/km Most of the population is distributed in the peripheral districts around the downtown (the districts of El Carmen , Merced , Hospital , and Catedral are known as casco central similar to

855-487: The National Theatre, remain symbols of the so-called Costa Rican coffee golden age. Today San José is a modern city with bustling commerce and brisk expressions of art and architecture. Spurred by the country's improved tourism industry, it is a significant destination and stopover for foreign visitors. San José exerts a strong influence because of its proximity to other cities ( Alajuela , Heredia and Cartago ) and

900-404: The afternoon, usually beginning around 14:00. Rains can last for a short period, or for several hours, and there is a seemingly equal chance that there will either be a downpour or a drizzle. Evenings can be cooler than one might expect due to altitude, and cooler still in the evenings following rain. At the highest elevations, temperatures down to 9 °C or 48.2 °F have been recorded. For

945-635: The area was first defined as a city by presbyter Florencio del Castillo, on behalf of the Spanish government, a title which was then lost in 1814 when Ferdinand VII of Spain annulled the proceedings of the courts. The municipal government was restored in 1820 along with the title of city and in 1823 San José became the capital of Costa Rica. This makes San José one of the youngest capital cities in Latin America by year of conception. Population and economic growth were spurred by improvements in access to water and

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990-668: The canton. As of the latest municipal elections in 2024 , the Together San José candidate, Luis Diego Miranda Méndez, was elected mayor of the canton with 23.95% of the votes, with Yariela Franciny Quirós Álvarez and Fernando Antonio Vega Guillén as first and second vice mayors, respectively. Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called regidores ) are elected every four years. San José's Municipal Council has 11 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless

1035-488: The central core of the city going from west to east. On 27 September 2012, San José disclosed plans to install its first street signs, about 22,000 signs and plaques. It is estimated that the lack of proper street names for directions causes the loss of $ 720 million a year by the Inter-American Development Bank in 2008, due to undelivered, returned or re-sent mail. The following national road routes cover

1080-401: The city districts and metropolitan area; as well as national transportation networks that connect the city to other parts of Costa Rica. San José is undergoing modernization in transportation. In February of 2011, the former mayor, Johnny Araya , along with then Costa Rican President, Laura Chinchilla , announced the establishment of an urban tramway system that will, in its first phase, cover

1125-628: The city's districts and are under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Education. Nevertheless, private institutions do exist within the city. These educational institutions range from pre-schools to universities. Most tend to be bilingual, teaching subjects in either French or English and Spanish, among other languages, apart from just teaching a certain language. San José is one of Latin America's safest cities. As of 19 June 2012, both city and nation reduced their crime indices considerably. Nationwide, crime

1170-554: The city. San José is notable among Latin American cities for its high quality of life, security, level of globalization, environmental performance, public service, and recognized institutions. In 2012, San José was one of the safest and least violent cities in the region. It is considered a "Beta-" global city by GaWC . San José joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. The population of San José grew during

1215-432: The city: Private bus companies connect different areas of the city with each other and the suburbs. Services to other parts of the country are provided by other private companies which have stations or stops spread all over the city center. There are also bus services between Juan Santamaría International Airport and downtown San José. The Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles , or the state-owned railway institute,

1260-668: The country's demographic assemblage in the Central Valley. The borders of San José city, as defined in the Administrative Territorial Division and stipulated in the Executive Decree 11562 of 27 May 1980, assign the borders of San José canton except an East sector of Uruca district. Therefore the city is composed of the totality of the districts of Carmen , Merced , Hospital , Catedral , Zapote , San Francisco de Dos Ríos , Mata Redonda , Pavas , Hatillo , San Sebastián and partially of Uruca district. For

1305-727: The country. The city is serviced by Juan Santamaría International Airport ( IATA : SJO , ICAO : MROC ), 23 km (14 mi) west of downtown, in the city of Alajuela , which is one of the busiest airports in Central America. In 2011, the airport was named the 3rd Best Airport in Latin America/Caribbean from the Airport Service Quality Awards by Airports Council International. In 2023, Juan Santamaría International Airport received 5.6 million passengers, most of them from international flights. The airport

1350-418: The driest month (6.3 mm (0.25 in)) and the wettest month (355.1 mm (13.98 in)), while average temperatures vary little. The hottest month is April with an average temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F), while the coolest month is October with an average temperature of 21.8 °C (71.2 °F). Costa Rica has developed high education levels. As of 2011 97.6% of the population over 10

1395-461: The eighteenth-century colonization planning, which was different from the traditional foundation plans of Spanish cities in the continent of Central America. Founded in 1736 by order of Cabildo de León , its objective was to concentrate the scattered inhabitants of the Aserrí Valley. De León thus ordered the construction of a chapel near the area known as La Boca del Monte which was completed

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1440-480: The finest historic building in the capital and known for its exquisite interior which includes its lavish Italian furnishings ) and the Melico Salazar Theater present drama, dance performances and concerts throughout the year. Nevertheless, other 'smaller' theaters can be found throughout the city and provide a large array of entertainment. El Teatro Variedades (1892) is San José's oldest theater. San José

1485-520: The installment of the Tobacco Factory in 1782. The accumulation of capital brought by tobacco plantations allowed the city to economically surpass neighboring provinces. The first modern urban neighborhood carries the name of its founder, the French coffee entrepreneur Monsieur Amon , and was created in the late 19th century, in line with Belle Époque contemporary architecture. Barrio Amon, as well as

1530-512: The modern University of Costa Rica (UCR) , during the reformist administration of President Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. The University for Peace , an intergovernmental organization with university status, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1980, is located in San José. The city's public education system is composed of pre-schools, elementary and high schools (from grades 7 to 11), which are located in all of

1575-466: The owning regidor ( regidor propietario ) is absent. The current president of the Municipal Council is Together San José Party member, Mariana de los Ángeles Zúñiga Pérez, with the regidor for More San José Party, Juan Diego Gómez González, as vice president. The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024-2028 period is as follows: San José has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). Precipitation varies widely between

1620-540: The provincial capital city of Alajuela and 58 kilometers from the national capital city of San Jose . The plaza is located 47 km WNW of Costa Rica's parliament building in the center of the capital city of San José and 31 km from Juan Santamaría International Airport in Alajuela. Its location in the central valley (Meseta Central) is c.33 km east of the Pacific coast near Puntarenas , and c.140 km west of

1665-550: The region, helped by the influence of volcanoes and rivers that run through the valley. Weather also favours agriculture and farming activities. Because of the agglomeration of population, the valley is the center of commerce, industry and service activities, sustained by ports on both coasts, and by Liberia in Guanacaste (which has the other international airport besides Juan Santamaría Airport in Alajuela ) that have similar economic movement. The Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM)

1710-557: The tropical latitude of San Ramón, temperatures tend to be warm rather than hot year-round: 13 to 27 °C or 55.4 to 80.6 °F. This is largely due to the city's altitude of 1,057 m (3,468 ft) above sea level. June through October is considered the rainy or "green" season with November to May considered the "dry season." Diurnal periods are very predictable due to Costa Rica's latitude: The sun rises in San Ramon by about 05:45 and sets at 18:30 with very little variation throughout

1755-559: The two subregions, with the Western Valley significantly influenced by the weather patterns of Costa Rica's Pacific coast and the Eastern Valley influenced by the Caribbean coast weather. Because of its altitude, the temperature in the Central Valley varies between 15 and 30 °C or 59 and 86 °F, mainly because of the position toward the mountains (the altitude also varies between 800 m and 1,500 m above sea level). The western part of

1800-429: The urban transportation network. Taxis are characterized by their red color and belong to registered cooperatives. There are other taxi services which do not belong to the registered system, there are also taxis from the airport that are usually orange. The car-sharing company Uber is active in Costa Rica and, despite repeated clashes with and strikes by taxi drivers protesting unfair competition, continues to operate in

1845-446: The valley is influenced by trade winds in summer, and, as the rest of the country with the exception of the Caribbean region, there are two climate seasons clearly defined, wet and dry . The eastern part of the valley is influenced more by Caribbean conditions, which are more volatile. Annual rainfall in the region varies from 1,900 millimetres or 75 inches in an urban and central place like Pavas to 3,200 millimetres or 126 inches in

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1890-528: The year. This regular cycle is further evident in the precipitation patterns, particularly during the rainy season. As the morning sun rises, air which is already moist due to a certain amount of orographic lift being added by the Pacific Ocean , is further loaded by evapotranspiration wherein water drawn from the ground by plants and trees is transpired into the atmosphere. This leads to a relatively consistent pattern of mostly dry mornings followed by rains in

1935-516: Was established here in 1843. That institution maintained close ties with the Roman Catholic Church and was closed in 1888 by the progressive and anti-clerical government of President Bernardo Soto Alfaro as part of a campaign to modernize public education. The schools of law, agronomy, fine arts, and pharmacy continued to operate independently, but Costa Rica had no university proper until 1940, when those four schools were re-united to establish

1980-483: Was literate, 96% of children aged 6–11 attend primary school and 71% of students of high-school age attend high-school. The country as a whole has the highest education levels in Central America and one of the best in Latin America. This is especially true for San José, the nation's educational hub home to a large number of public and private universities. University of Santo Tomas, the first university of Costa Rica,

2025-569: Was reduced from 12.5 to 9.5 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2012, new police equipment was issued by the government, and the security budget was increased. President Laura Chinchilla 's government donated vehicles and other equipment to the police department on at least two occasions. The city's greater metropolitan area (in Los Yoses, San Pedro) also serves as the headquarters of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights . San José has

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