41-593: Cornish Rebellion may refer to: Cornish Rebellion of 1497 Cornish Rebellion of 1549 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cornish Rebellion . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornish_Rebellion&oldid=932775151 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
82-543: A detachment of 500 of Daubeny's spearmen clashed with the rebels near Guildford . Until then, the rebel army had met virtually no armed opposition, but neither had they gained significant numbers of new recruits since passing through Somerset. Now instead of approaching London directly they skirted to the south, since Flamank believed they would gain popular support from Kent , on the far side (south-eastern side) of London. Accordingly, after Guildford they moved via Banstead to Blackheath , an area of high ground south-east of
123-402: A peer of the realm, was beheaded on 28 June at Tower Hill . His head, in common with those of An Gof and Flamank, was displayed on London Bridge . In due course, severe monetary penalties, extracted by Crown agents, pauperised sections of Cornwall for years to come. Estates were seized and handed to more loyal subjects. After the phase of punishment, however, in 1508 the king acted to redress
164-524: A pretender to the English throne, to choose Cornwall as his base later in the year for another attempt to overthrow Henry VII: an episode known as the Second Cornish uprising of 1497 . Eleven years later, however, the king addressed the principal Cornish grievance by allowing tin production to resume legally, with a measure of autonomy. A series of actions by King Henry VII in late 1496 and early 1497 increased
205-581: A site in present-day Deptford in south-east London , on the River Ravensbourne , and was the culminating event of the Cornish Rebellion. After leaving the West Country and approaching London, the insurgency had failed to attract enough new support or to move quickly enough to catch the king unprepared. The insurgents were now on the defensive. The king had mustered an army of some 25,000 men while
246-578: Is a civil parish and village on The Lizard in Cornwall , England, United Kingdom. In addition to the parish, an electoral ward exists called St Keverne and Meneage . This stretches to the western Lizard coast at Gunwalloe . The population of the ward at the 2011 election was 5,220. The Cornish rebellion of 1497 started in St Keverne. The leader of the rebellion Michael An Gof ("the smith " in Cornish)
287-549: Is another place of the same name in Ludgvan . Other antiquities are a cist called the Three Brothers of Grugith on Crowza Downs and a destroyed fogou at Polkernogo. Iron Age St. Keverne has a number of Iron Age sites, with two of the most dramatic being the cliff castles of Chynalls and Lankidden. All that is left in these sites are the faint markings of the ditches and banks that would have protected these castles, but during
328-716: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cornish Rebellion of 1497 The Cornish rebellion of 1497 ( Cornish : Rebellyans Kernow ), also known as the First Cornish rebellion , was a popular uprising in the Kingdom of England , which began in Cornwall and culminated with the Battle of Deptford Bridge near London on 17 June 1497. The insurgent army mainly comprised Cornishmen , although it also gathered support from Devon , Somerset , and other English counties. The rebellion
369-598: Is one of the largest two peals in a Cornish parish church; until 2001 St Keverne had eight bells to which two more were then added ( Carbis Bay already had a peal of ten). St. Keverne has been inhabited for many thousands of years, and there is evidence of human habitation from at least the Mesolithic period, c. 5550 BC. The area is rich in archaeological history from a variety of different periods, including flints, pottery, cists, round houses, and cliff castles. The Mesolithic In 1967, A Mesolithic site known as Rock Mound
410-464: Is recorded to have said before his death (while tied to a hurdle being dragged towards the place of execution) that he should have "a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal". The two of them had been sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered . However the king accorded them the mercy of a quicker death, by hanging only, before their bodies were decapitated and quartered. The London Chronicler stated that their heads were set on London Bridge,
451-632: The Cornish Rebels , was inspired by the Cornish Rebellion of 1497. In 2017 Peabody Trust/Family Mosaic unveiled a memorial sundial bench to commemorate the battle in Deptford. The memorial was designed and made by London mosaic artist Gary Drostle . A stone monument commemorating the rebels Thomas Flamank and Michael Joseph is located outside 43 Fore Street in Bodmin. St Keverne St Keverne ( Cornish : Pluw Aghevran (parish), Lannaghevran (village) )
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#1732844088585492-524: The Middle Ages , the site of an important monastery. The church is dedicated to St Akeveranus , although for a considerable period this was corrupted to Kieran; the form Keverne was revived at the Reformation. The church is very large for a village church and in its present form is 15th-century: however parts of the stonework appear to have been reused from a previous church building. Unusually for Cornwall,
533-523: The Cornish from St. Keverne to Blackheath, London, to celebrate the quincentennial (500th anniversary) of the Cornish Rebellion. A statue depicting the Cornish leaders, "Michael An Gof" and Thomas Flamank, was unveiled at An Gof's village of St. Keverne and commemorative plaques were also unveiled at Guildford (a stone memorial on Guild Down at the Mount) and on Blackheath. The name of Cornwall's rugby league team,
574-537: The Cornish grievances. He granted a pardon to the tinners for continuing to produce tin in contravention of the Duchy of Cornwall's regulations; the regulations themselves were rescinded; and the power of the Cornish Stannary Parliament to approve any regulations in the industry was reinstated. In 1997, a commemorative march named Keskerdh Kernow (Cornish: "Cornwall marches on") retraced the original route of
615-686: The Iron Age they would have provided a "prominent focus within a landscape quite densely populated by contemporary settlements or "rounds."" Another notable Iron Age artefact originating in St. Keverne is the elaborately engraved bronze mirror discovered in a cist grave, in 1833. This mirror was accompanied by two brooches, some beads, and two rings. St Keverne was in Celtic times part of the Meneage which belonged to several small monasteries. The monastery at St Keverne survived
656-501: The Lizard peninsula, where there already was resentment against the actions of Sir John Oby, provost of Glasney College in Penryn , the tax collector for that area. In reaction to King Henry's tax levy, Michael Joseph (An Gof) , a blacksmith from St. Keverne and Thomas Flamank , a lawyer of Bodmin , incited many of the people of Cornwall into armed revolt. Flamank formulated the aim of
697-470: The Lizard Peninsula, mainly in the area of St. Keverne Parish. The clay lies at a depth of 8 – 18 inches below the topsoil. In the late 1960s, Dr. D. Peacock examined numerous potsherds from around Cornwall, and came to the conclusion that they were all made from the same gabbroic clay from St. Keverne. Most of the paleolithic pottery from around Cornwall has been found to be made of gabbroic clay, such as
738-645: The Norman Conquest but was seized soon after by a lay lord. (According to the Geld Inquest of 1083 the canons of St Achebranus held one hide in the hundred of Winningtone (i.e. Kerrier ) that never paid geld.) The Condura and Tregarne manors in St Keverne parish were associated with Condura , the Cornish Earl of Cornwall at the time of the Norman Conquest , according to antiquary William Hals . By 1236
779-592: The battle, the King toured the battlefield, knighting the most valiant of his soldiers, and then returned over London Bridge into the city, where he similarly rewarded a few others, including the mayor, for their services in guarding London and feeding the army. Then he attended an impromptu service of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral . It was proclaimed that soldiers who had taken rebels prisoner could privately ransom them, and keep or sell their possessions. An Gof and Flamank were executed at Tyburn on 27 June 1497. An Gof
820-485: The churches and demesnes of Tregonan had come into the possession of the Cistercian abbey at Beaulieu and their title was confirmed by Richard, Earl of Cornwall in 1258. This was a valuable possession including as it did the rectorial tithe of a large and prosperous parish, the tithe of fish, and the lands of the churchtown. The right of sanctuary held by Beaulieu Abbey was extended to St Keverne. A small cell of monks
861-535: The city, which they reached on 16 June. No Kentish uprising had materialised, however. On the contrary, forces of Kentish men had been mobilised against them under loyalist nobles, the Earl of Kent , Lord Abergavenny , and Lord Cobham. Since the King had now mustered a large army in London, the outlook for the rebels was clearly grim, and there was much dismay and disunity among them that night in their camp on Blackheath. An Gof
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#1732844088585902-572: The close approach of the West Country rebels to London, and of their strength, he diverted his main army of 8,000 men under Lord Daubeny to meet them, while a defensive force under the Earl of Surrey was sent to the Scottish border. Daubeny's army camped on Hounslow Heath on 13 June. At the same time, there was general alarm among the citizens of London, many of whom mobilised to defend the city. The next day,
943-540: The company of spearmen under Sir Humphrey Stanley tasked with securing the bridge. Stanley's company nevertheless succeeded in driving off the gunners and archers, killing some of them. Lord Daubeny now led the attack up into the rebels' main position on the heath. So bold was his leadership that he became separated, surrounded by the enemy, and temporarily captured. The rebels could have killed him, but actually let him go unhurt. Overwhelmingly outnumbered, surrounded, poorly trained and equipped and lacking cavalry, their fight
984-450: The form of provisions and recruits as they went. In Devon, however, support for the rebellion was far lower than in Cornwall, probably because the stannaries there had accepted new regulations in 1494, and had avoided the penalties inflicted on their Cornish counterparts. Entering Somerset , the rebel army came to Taunton , where it is reported that they killed one of the commissioners of
1025-469: The high ground of Blackheath where the rebel army had camped and where its greater part was still positioned. The strongest of the king's battalions, under Lord Daubeny, attacked along the main road from London. This involved crossing Deptford Bridge (near the point where Ravensbourne River becomes Deptford Creek before joining the river Thames). The rebels were well enough prepared to have positioned guns and archers there, which inflicted severe casualties on
1066-619: The immediate hardships of many of his subjects, especially in Cornwall. In 1496, after disagreements regarding new regulations for the tin-mining industry, the king, working partly through the Duchy of Cornwall , suspended the operation and privileges of the Cornish stannaries , a major part of the economy of the county. The privileges, which included exemption from certain royal and local taxes, had been granted by Edward I in 1305. Being threatened in 1496–7 with invasion by James IV of Scotland and
1107-582: The mouth of the Helford River to Kennack Sands , and the Manacles offshore. Settlements on the coast include Porthallow , Porthoustock and Coverack . Inland the parish includes the hamlets of Zoar , Laddenvean , Traboe , Trelan and Gwenter. The eastern part of Goonhilly Downs is also in the parish. St Keverne lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). St Keverne was, in
1148-471: The pretender Perkin Warbeck , Henry VII levied an extraordinary series of financial demands on his subjects: a forced loan in late 1496, and in early 1497 a double portion of fifteenths and tenths taxation and a special subsidy levy. The burden fell more heavily on Cornwall than most areas, particularly in the collection of the forced loan. The first stirrings of protest arose in the parish of St Keverne on
1189-400: The quarters of Flamank on four of the city gates, and the quarters of An Gof sent to be displayed at various points in Cornwall and Devon. Two other 16th-century sources (Hall and Polydore Vergil) report that although the king originally planned to have the quartered limbs exhibited in various parts of Cornwall, he was persuaded not to further antagonise the Cornish by doing this. Audley, as
1230-642: The rebellion as being to remove the two servants of the king seen as responsible for his taxation policies: Cardinal John Morton (the Lord Chancellor ) and Sir Reginald Bray (the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ). This emphasis created some room to argue that the uprising was not treasonous, but petitionary in nature. The rebels included at least two former MPs, Flamank (MP for Bodmin in 1492) and William Antron (MP for Helston in 1491–1492). An army some 15,000 strong marched into Devon , attracting support in
1271-412: The rebels, after late desertions, were down to 10,000 men or fewer. They also lacked the supporting cavalry and artillery arms essential to the professional forces of the time. The king had spread word that he would attack the rebels on Monday 19 June, but in fact he did so early on the 17th. He regarded Saturday as his "lucky day" . His forces were composed of three battalions, deployed so as to surround
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1312-559: The sherds at the Neolithic site of Carn Brea at Redruth. Beaker Pottery St. Keverne has yielded an exceptional amount of Beaker pottery . The Beaker Mound at Poldowrian has yielded one of the finest caches of Beaker pottery in Cornwall. Bronze Age Goonhilly Downs contains over 65 Bronze Age barrows, as well as the "dry tree" standing stone. A Bronze Age standing stone exists at Tremenheere, which means "Standing Stone Farm" ( Tre = place/farm, Menhir = standing stone) and there
1353-464: The subsidy, i.e. a collector of the offending tax. At Wells they were joined by James Touchet , the seventh Baron Audley , who had already been in correspondence with An Gof and Flamank. As a member of the nobility with military experience he was gladly received and acclaimed as their leader. The rebels then continued towards London, marching via Salisbury and Winchester . King Henry had been preparing for war against Scotland. When he learned of
1394-406: The tower is topped by a spire. Other features of interest include the bench ends and a mural painting. A 32-pounder carronade that divers recovered in 1978 from the wreck of HMS Primose stands by the lych-gate to the churchyard. ( Primrose was wrecked on The Manacles off The Lizard on 21 January 1809 with the loss of 125 lives and only one survivor, a drummer boy.) The peal of ten bells
1435-442: Was a blacksmith from St Keverne and is commemorated by a statue in the village. Before his execution, An Gof said that he should have "a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal". In 1997 a 500th anniversary march, "Keskerdh Kernow 500", celebrating the rebellion, retraced the route of the original march from St Keverne, via Guildford to London. The parish is a large one. It includes some 10 miles of coast from Nare Point at
1476-427: Was a response to hardship caused by the raising of war taxes by King Henry VII to finance a campaign against Scotland . Cornwall suffered particularly because the king had recently stopped the legal operation of Cornish tin mining . The rebellion's immediate outcome was military defeat, the execution of its main leaders, and death or other punishment for many of its participants. It may have led Perkin Warbeck ,
1517-416: Was adamant in preparing for battle. But many wanted to give themselves up: the original call to arms had not always been to commit the treason of direct warfare against the King, but to make him change his chief advisors and taxation policies. There were thousands of desertions from the insurgency that night. The Battle of Deptford Bridge (also known as Battle of Blackheath) took place on 17 June 1497 on
1558-559: Was discovered at Poldowrian Site, which is situated near the Lankidden Cliff Castle. The Mesolithic site was dated between 5,550 and 5250 BC, from some hazelnut fragments. Flint tools were first discovered during attempts to plow the land for planting, and overall, nearly 48,000 flint tools were discovered. Neolithic During the Neolithic period and beyond, St. Keverne was one of the primary sources of clay for pottery. Gabbroic clay covers an area of approximately 7 square miles of
1599-417: Was maintained at Tregonan; slight remains of the building there existed until the early 20th century. In the parish is Lesneague which can be derived from Cornish lis (court) and manahec (monks' land) which would indicate that it was once the seat of a local chieftain. There have been Cornish wrestling tournaments in St Keverne for prizes. James Polkinghorne (1788–1851) was born at St Keverne and
1640-563: Was now hopeless and their concern was probably to minimise the reprisals that would follow the battle. The rebels were routed. Of their leaders, Thomas Flamank and Lord Audley were captured on the field of battle. Michael Joseph (An Gof) fled, apparently to seek sanctuary in the Friars' Church (near the former palace where the Greenwich Old Royal Naval College now stands), but was intercepted before he could enter. After
1681-471: Was one of the most famous champion Cornish wrestlers who had a number of famous contests against Devon fighters, including Flower, Jackman (1816) and Abraham Cann (1826), which drew very large crowds of spectators (c17,000). Henry Cuttance (1807–?), from St Keverne, was a champion Cornish wrestler who the initiator in rallying the local people to assist in the rescue of the crew of the Norwegian schooner,