Corinne Alsop Cole (born Corinne Douglas Robinson ; July 2, 1886 – June 23, 1971) was an American politician who served two terms as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives .
62-588: Corinne Robinson was born on July 2, 1886, in Orange, New Jersey . She was the daughter of Corinne Roosevelt Robinson (1861–1933) and Douglas Robinson Jr. (1855–1918). She was one of four children born to her parents, including future New York State Senator Theodore Douglas Robinson (1883–1934). Her maternal grandparents were Theodore Roosevelt Sr. , a businessman and philanthropist, and socialite Martha (née Bulloch) Roosevelt . Her paternal grandparents were Douglas Robinson Sr. and Frances Monroe. Her great-grandfather
124-399: A town . Parts of the town were taken to form South Orange Township (April 1, 1861, now known as Maplewood ), Fairmount (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), East Orange Township (March 4, 1863) and West Orange Township (April 10, 1863). On April 3, 1872, Orange was reincorporated as a city. In 1982, the city was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become
186-784: A State Urban Enterprise Zone , creating tax breaks and investment incentives. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 2.22 square miles (5.74 km ), including 2.21 square miles (5.73 km ) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km ) of water (0.09%). The East Branch of the Rahway River travels through Orange. Orange borders the Essex County municipalities of East Orange , Glen Ridge , Montclair , South Orange and West Orange . The 2010 United States census counted 30,134 people, 11,202 households, and 6,878 families in
248-484: A film producer; and Corinne Chubb Zimmermann. Through her son John, she was the grandmother of three, John deKoven Alsop, Mary Alsop Culver, and Augusta Alsop. Orange, New Jersey The City of Orange (known simply as Orange ) is a township in Essex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 34,447, an increase of 4,313 (+14.3%) from
310-455: A multi-ethnic, economically diverse city, Orange suffered indirectly from the 1967 riots in Newark (even though Newark and Orange do not share a border) and directly from the construction of Interstate 280 through the heart of the downtown area, triggering middle-class " white flight " from aging industrial towns to the new automobile suburbs being built in western Essex County and elsewhere. By
372-607: A political entity, a township in New Jersey is a full-fledged municipality, on par with any town , city , borough , or village . They collect property taxes and provide services such as maintaining roads, garbage collection, water, sewer, schools, police and fire protection. The Township form of local government is used by 27% of New Jersey municipalities; however, slightly over 50% of the state's population resides within them. Townships in New Jersey differ from townships elsewhere in
434-699: A portion of the total population of all places in the United States. Orange is governed within the Faulkner Act , formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council form of municipal government. The city is one of 71 (of the 564) municipalities statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the directly elected mayor and the seven-member City Council. There are four ward representatives on
496-447: A source for the tannic acid they needed, leading to the growth of many factories producing shoes and boots. Orange was once the United States' hat-making capital. The industry can be traced there to 1792. By 1892, 21 firms were engaged in that trade, employing over 3,700 people in plants that produced about 4.8 million hats, which had a combined value in excess of $ 1 million (equivalent to $ 33.9 million in 2023). Several brothers founded
558-443: A township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what ultimately were more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships to take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis. The city derives its name from William III of England or William IV, Prince of Orange . Despite
620-411: A turnout of 27.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Democrat Jon Corzine received 91.7% of the vote (4,993 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 5.5% (302 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.4% (74 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (31 votes), among the 5,442 ballots cast by the city's 14,891 registered voters, yielding a 36.5% turnout. The City of Orange is served by
682-486: Is Dwayne D. Warren, whose term of office ends June 30, 2024. Members of the City Council are Council President Kerry J. Coley (East Ward, 2026), Council Vice President Tency A. Eason (North Ward, 2026), Quantavia L. Hilbert (West Ward, 2026), Weldon M. Montague III (at-large, 2024), Clifford Ross (at-large, 2024), Jamie Summers-Johnson (South Ward, 2022) and Adrienne Wooten (at-large, 2024). The City of Orange Township
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#1732844328145744-518: Is in the 10th Congressional District and New Jersey's 34th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver ( D , Newark ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For
806-403: Is often abbreviated TWP or Twp . Some official documents abbreviate it as "Twsp." Historically, a variety of legislation has been passed by the state legislature that has defined and refined the township form of municipal government: The Township Act of 1798 was the first state legislation to incorporate municipalities. The government defined was a form of direct democracy , similar to
868-669: Is on the Newark and Mount-Pleasant Turnpike , the main road from Newark to Morristown , and ultimately to Easton, Pennsylvania . The town became a busy thoroughfare for travelers, and hotels abounded. Initially, the stagecoach was the primary method of transportation. Omnibuses of the Eclipse and the Morris & Newark Lines serviced Orange. The Morris and Essex Railroad arrived in Orange in November 1836, its first cars drawn by horses. On October 2, 1837,
930-596: Is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority . As of
992-563: The 2000 United States census there were 32,868 people, 11,885 households, and 7,642 families residing in the township. The population density was 14,903.7 inhabitants per square mile (5,754.4/km ). There were 12,665 housing units at an average density of 5,742.8 per square mile (2,217.3/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 13.20% White , 75.10% Black or African American , 0.34% Native American , 1.26% Asian , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 5.21% from other races , and 4.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.47% of
1054-413: The 2010 census count of 30,134, which in turn reflected a decline of 2,734 (-8.3%) from the 32,868 counted in the 2000 census . The New Jersey Legislature originally incorporated Orange as a township on November 27, 1806, from parts of Newark Township . Parts of the township were taken on April 14, 1834, to form the now-defunct Clinton Township . On January 31, 1860, Orange was reincorporated as
1116-664: The 2024-2025 session , the 34th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Britnee Timberlake ( D , East Orange ) and in the General Assembly by Carmen Morales (D, Belleville ) and Michael Venezia (D, Bloomfield ). Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive , with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners . As of 2024 ,
1178-465: The Green Party . In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 96.7% of the vote (9,828 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2.9% (291 votes), and other candidates with 0.4% (42 votes), among the 10,230 ballots cast by the township's 16,243 registered voters (69 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 63.0%. In the 2008 presidential election , Obama received 95.5% of
1240-476: The "No-Name Hat Company" in Orange before one of them moved on to make fedoras in Philadelphia under the family name, " Stetson ." By 1921, only five hat-making firms were left, many having departed for places such as Norwalk and Danbury, Connecticut . By 1960, all had left. Beer was a major industry in Orange beginning in the early 1900s, when the three Winter Brothers of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, arrived in
1302-1134: The 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 12 schools, had an enrollment of 5,629 students and 507.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1. Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Orange Early Childhood Center (188 students; in Pre-K), John Robert Lewis Early Childhood Center (NA; Pre-K), Central Elementary School (319; K–2), Cleveland Street School (303; K–7), Forest Street Community School (410; Pre-K–7), Heywood Avenue School (355; Pre-K–7), Lincoln Avenue School (708; K–7), Oakwood Avenue Community School (425; Pre-K–7), Park Avenue School (569; K–7), Rosa Parks Central Community School (999; Grades 3–7; formerly Main Street School and Central School), Scholars Academy (NA), Orange Preparatory Academy (679; 8–9, formerly Orange Middle School), Orange High School (840; 10–12) and STEM Innovation Academy of
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#17328443281451364-410: The 8,931 ballots cast by the city's 14,409 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.0. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Democrat Barbara Buono received 85.0% of the vote (3,809 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 14.4% (643 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (27 votes), among the 4,560 ballots cast by the township's 16,607 registered voters (81 ballots were spoiled), for
1426-1997: The County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. ( D , Roseland ), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November. Essex County's Commissioners are: Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark 's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026), A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington , Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026), Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange , Orange and South Orange ; East Orange, 2026), Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell , Cedar Grove , Essex Fells , Fairfield , Livingston , Millburn , North Caldwell , Roseland , Verona , West Caldwell and West Orange ; West Caldwell, 2026), President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville , Bloomfield , Glen Ridge , Montclair and Nutley ; Bloomfield, 2026), Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026), Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026), Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026), Patricia Sebold (D, at-large ; Livingston, 2026). Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025), Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025), Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024), and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028). As of March 2011, there were 14,943 registered voters in Orange, of whom 8,490 (56.8%) were registered as Democrats , 302 (2.0%) as Republicans , and 6,147 (41.1%) as Unaffiliated . There were no voters registered as either Libertarian or as affiliated with
1488-682: The Democratic nominee for Lt. Governor of Connecticut in 1891. Alsop also served in the Connecticut General Assembly along with Corinne. Together, they had four children: Joseph Wright Alsop IV died in March 1953, and she married a second time to insurance magnate Francis W. Cole in 1956. This marriage was to last ten years, with Francis dying in 1966. Corinne Alsop Cole died in 1971, at age 84, in Avon, Connecticut . Through her son Stewart, she
1550-532: The New England town meeting , in which the vote was available to all white males, at least 21 years old, who were citizens of New Jersey, and residents of the township for at least six months; and who paid taxes in the township, or who owned land, or rented a home in the township for a rent of at least five dollars a year. A group of five freeholders was elected to one-year terms on the Township Committee, which
1612-531: The Oranges (160; 9–12). The Orange Public Library collection contains 200,000 volumes and circulates 43,000 items annually. Built as the Stickler Memorial Library, the imposing structure designed by McKim, Mead, and White opened in 1901. Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Orange was selected in 1983 as one of
1674-563: The Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860, was Orange officially incorporated as a city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. Orange
1736-516: The Passayak" River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark , the Oranges , and several other municipalities. The area was in the northeast portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret . Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey ,
1798-522: The United States. In many states, townships can be an intermediate form of government, between county government and municipalities that are subordinate parts of the township, with different government responsibilities allocated at each level. In New Jersey, there are no subordinate municipalities located within a township, as townships are equivalent to all other forms of local municipalities. Municipalities in New Jersey may be classified into one of five types , of which townships are one. Townships may retain
1860-402: The average family size was 3.38. In the township the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males. The median income for a household in
1922-449: The carcinogenic effects of this material became known, and the polluted site of the factory became a liability for the city. Orange has produced such notables as baseball's Monte Irvin and heavyweight boxer Tony Galento . Actor William Bendix lived and worked here for a short while. Presidents, presidential candidates, and governors visited. Orange held major celebrations for its 100th anniversary, and another when it turned 150. Once
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1984-579: The city and built the first brewery. The Orange Brewery was constructed in 1901 at a reported cost of $ 350,000 (equivalent to $ 12.8 million in 2023). The production of beer ceased with prohibition in 1920, and after the repeal of the Volstead Act in 1933, the brewery was sold to John F. Trommers of Philadelphia. Trommers brewed beer under that label until 1950, when the concern was again sold to Liebmann Breweries, Incorporated, which bottled Rheingold Beer . Eventually, after passing through several other owners,
2046-497: The city council and three at-large representatives. Councilmembers are elected to serve four-year terms of office in non-partisan elections on a staggered basis with the three at-large seats and the mayor up for election together and the four ward seats up together on an alternating cycle in even-numbered years as part of the May municipal election. As of July 2022 , the Mayor of Orange
2108-509: The city had a total of 44.64 miles (71.84 km) of roadways, of which 39.14 miles (62.99 km) were maintained by the municipality, 4.43 miles (7.13 km) by Essex County and 1.07 miles (1.72 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation . Township (New Jersey) A township , in the context of New Jersey local government , refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government . As
2170-408: The committee selects one of its elected members to serve as mayor and preside at meetings. The other members of the township committee serve as commissioners of various township departments, overseeing the work of those areas along with overall legislative issues. Some mayors in this form of government also oversee specific departments. The mayor in this form of government is primarily ceremonial and has
2232-527: The differences in the municipalities' character, Orange, East Orange , South Orange and West Orange are sometimes jointly called The Oranges . In 2020, the township had New Jersey's 12th-highest property tax rate, with an equalized rate of 4.679% compared to 2.824% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%. Orange has its origins in Connecticut 's New Haven Colony. In 1666, 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on
2294-456: The eighth-highest in the United States. Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.9% of Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange and East Orange (with 2.5%) had the highest percentages of people of Guyanese ancestry as
2356-448: The end of the 1970s, Orange had many of the urban ills normally associated with larger cities. However, the city still features many tree-lined streets with well-maintained homes. In 1982, citizens voted overwhelmingly to change the designation of Orange from a city to a township , thereby making it eligible for federal Revenue Sharing funds. In 1985, the State of New Jersey named Orange as
2418-584: The first steam locomotive appeared, and the horses were, with minor exception, relegated to pasture. The "M&E" later became a part of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W), which exists today as NJ Transit 's Morristown Line . Trolley cars appeared much later, with the Orange and Newark Horse Car Railroad Company running its first car up Main Street in May 1862. The Orange Crosstown Line, eventually extending from Morris Street, Orange, to Bloomfield,
2480-442: The highest percentages of African American people in the United States, and the fourth-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside at 93.60%, East Orange at 89.46%, and Irvington at 81.66%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. Orange has a large Haitian American population, with 11.4% of residents identifying themselves as being of Haitian ancestry, the highest of any municipality in New Jersey and
2542-471: The initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in November 1992, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in November 2023. As of May 2010 ,
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2604-425: The much-amended Act of 1899. It retains a three or five member township committee serving staggered terms, whose members are generally elected at-large. The committee elects a mayor from among its members to serve a one-year term. Partisan elections are allowed under this law. Voters may initiate a referendum to change the membership to consist of either 3 or 5 members. While many township committees directly supervise
2666-524: The operation of their municipality, the revised act allows the committee to delegate all or a portion of its responsibilities to an appointed municipal administrator. A number of municipalities changed to the Township type, or the Township form of government, between 1979 and 1982. A federal law, The State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 provided funding to the states to be divided between state and municipal governments. In 1981, states were removed from
2728-579: The plant was closed permanently in 1977. Other notable firms in Orange were the Monroe Calculating Company , manufacturers of the adding machines of the same name, and the Bates Manufacturing Company, producers of office accessories such as staplers and stampers. The United States Radium Corporation refined ore and extracted the radium used to make luminous paint for dials and hands of watches and other indicators. Years later,
2790-432: The population were under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 89.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 84.1 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
2852-410: The population. There were 11,885 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.7% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and
2914-420: The population. Of the 11,202 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18; 28.6% were married couples living together; 24.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 38.6% were non-families. Of all households, 32.7% were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.38. 25.0% of
2976-459: The professional firefighters of the city of Orange Fire Department (OFD). Founded in 1872, the OFD operates out of two fire stations, located at 419 Central Avenue and 257 Washington Street. The firefighting apparatus consists of two fire engines , two quints and a ladder truck . The Orange Board of Education serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . The district
3038-435: The same power as other township committee members. The mayor does hold the powers vested in all mayors under state law One township committee member is elected deputy mayor each year. Some towns with this form of government rotate the mayor's office each year, while others elect the same mayor for 2–3 consecutive years. Out of the 240 townships in the state, the township form of government is used by 140. On road signs, township
3100-655: The state. Corinne frequently spoke to large crowds and was highly effective and influential due to her stature, position and intelligence. On June 10, 1936, Alsop addressed the 1936 Republican National Convention , seconding the nomination of Kansas Governor Alfred M. Landon . During Franklin D. Roosevelt's tenure in the White House , Corinne was a frequent guest. Although as a Republican she disagreed politically with her cousin, she and Eleanor Roosevelt remained close throughout their lives. Mrs. Alsop's trips to Washington, D.C. caused other family tensions. While in D.C., Alsop
3162-404: The territory became known as "New Jersey." Orange was initially part of the city of Newark, but it was originally known as "Newark Mountains". On June 7, 1780, the townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange. At the time, a significant number of people favored secession from Newark. This did not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of
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#17328443281453224-467: The township form of government, or adopt one of the modern forms of government, which are not restricted to a particular type of municipality. In New Jersey, a municipality's name (such as X Township) is not necessarily an indication of its form of government. In New Jersey, the township form of government consists of a three to five-member township committee usually elected at-large in partisan elections. At its organization meeting, held after an election,
3286-502: The township was $ 35,759, and the median income for a family was $ 40,852. Males had a median income of $ 33,442 versus $ 29,520 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 16,861. About 15.4% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over. As part of the 2000 Census, 75.10% of Orange's residents identified themselves as being African American, one of
3348-481: The township. The population density was 13,705.7 per square mile (5,291.8/km ). There were 12,222 housing units at an average density of 5,558.9 per square mile (2,146.3/km ). The racial makeup was 12.80% (3,857) White , 71.83% (21,645) Black or African American , 0.57% (173) Native American , 1.51% (455) Asian , 0.02% (6) Pacific Islander , 9.95% (2,999) from other races , and 3.32% (999) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.67% (6,531) of
3410-535: The tutelage of Marie Souvestre . Although she enjoyed the school itself, she found Souvestre abrasive and threatening. Upon her return to the states, she participated in the wedding of Franklin and Eleanor, being a bridesmaid to Eleanor. She was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1924, serving two terms, from 1924 to 1927 and from 1931 to 1933 and was a leader in the Republican Party of
3472-435: The vote (10,001 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3.8% (397 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (27 votes), among the 10,476 ballots cast by the city's 15,388 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.1%. In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 89.6% of the vote (8,000 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 9.1% (811 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (67 votes), among
3534-560: Was James Monroe , a member of the House of Representatives from New York and the nephew of President James Monroe . She enjoyed a childhood of privilege and grew up on her parents' New Jersey estate . Travel and horseback rides were part of Corinne's childhood. Like her cousin Eleanor Roosevelt , she attended Allenswood Academy , a private finishing school in Wimbledon , England, under
3596-423: Was $ 40,818 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 1,616) and the median family income was $ 44,645 (+/− $ 4,033). Males had a median income of $ 34,986 (+/− $ 3,168) versus $ 36,210 (+/− $ 2,706) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 19,816 (+/− $ 1,027). About 16.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over. As of
3658-511: Was often asked by both Eleanor and Alice , a leader in Washington society, to stay at her home. Mrs. Alsop's decision was usually made based on who had asked her first. In 1909, Corinne Douglas Robinson was married to Joseph Wright Alsop IV (1876–1953). He was descended from a family that was long prominent in politics, including Continental Congressman John Alsop , Richard Alsop , John Alsop King , and his father, Dr. Joseph Wright Alsop III,
3720-569: Was responsible to oversee the expenditure of revenue in between town meetings. The Township Act of 1899 abolished the town meeting and strengthened the role of the Township Committee, which was initially set at three and amended to allow for expansion to five members. Members were elected for staggered three-year terms. The Home Rule Act of 1917 legally defined the term "municipality" and recognized five types of government: borough , township, city , town , and village and granted each equal legal standing. The Township Act of 1989 simplified
3782-463: Was started in June 1888. (The first electric trolley in the State of New Jersey operated over a section of this line.) Eventually, all the trolleys, and the buses that replaced them, became part of the sprawling Public Service Coordinated Transport System. Orange became an industrial city early in its history, with the tanning industry expanding rapidly after settlers found growths of hemlock trees that were
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#17328443281453844-579: Was the grandmother of six grandchildren: Joseph Wright Alsop VI; Ian Alsop; Elizabeth Winthrop Alsop , a children's book author; Stewart Alsop II, an investor and pundit; Richard Nicholas Alsop, a missionary with FamilyLife ; and Andrew Alsop. Through her daughter Corinne, she was the grandmother of six: Hendon Chubb, founder of the Chubb Fellowship ; Percy Chubb III, president of the Victoria Foundation; Joseph Chubb; James Chubb; Caldecot Chubb ,
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