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79-647: Copper was first noted on the Yorke Peninsula by Captain Richard Rodda in 1848, however due to the remoteness of the region in comparision with the mines of Kapunda and Burra , it was not exploited. The Yorke Peninsula was unsettled until the mines were established. In December 1859 copper was first discovred at the Wallaroo Mines and at the Moonta Mines in 1861, when Paddy Ryan found copper traces coming out of

158-613: A boat to fish in the local waters. The biennial Kernewek Lowender is a major tourist attraction in May of each odd numbered year. Besides tourism, the major local industry is grain production, particularly barley and wheat, with a major grain export facility at Wallaroo. The local government is the Copper Coast Council , which was formed in May 1997 as a result of the amalgamation of the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula and

237-775: A combined 6 MW through the Kingscote substation to provide stability of supply if the submarine cables are unavailable. Kangaroo Island is reliant on ferry services for the majority of its transport to and from the mainland. Ferry services are currently provided by two companies, Kangaroo Island SeaLink which uses two ferries, the Sealion 2000 and the Spirit of Kangaroo Island , to provide freight and passenger services, and Kangaroo Island Connect, which commenced services in June 2018 and provides passenger services only. From 1907 to 1961, Karatta

316-520: A day or two later. The arrival of the Africaine , under John Finlay Duff , in November that year, was notable for the deaths of E. W. Osborne and Dr. John Slater, who perished on an exploratory trek from Cape Borda to Kingscote. A number of shore-based bay whaling stations operated on the coast in the 1840s. These were located at Doyle's Bay, D'Estrees Bay and Hog Bay. Numerous ships have been wrecked on

395-556: A general store and fuel and are home to hotels. Facilities such as banking and large supermarkets are available in Kingscote and Penneshaw . According to the 2021 Census, the island has a population of 4,894. Population growth has slowed in past years, with the attraction of mainland Australia for younger adults being the key factor. Censuses show the number of residents aged 55 and over increased from 24.1% in 2001 to 29.8% in 2006, 34.9% in 2011, 41% in 2016, and 43.5% in 2021. The economy

474-453: A shopping trolley'. The vessel subsequently underwent a A$ 1 million refit of its propulsion system in September 1989 which improved its reliability. Island Seaway began to experience competition from Kangaroo Island SeaLink which began services from Cape Jervis to Penneshaw in 1989. SeaLink acquired the ferry service originally introduced by Peter March. His "Philanderer Ferries" pioneered

553-505: A short-lived venture with SeaWay , which travelled from Wirrina Cove to Kingscote from September 2004 until February 2005. SeaWay could not handle rough weather as well as SeaLink vessels which impacted the service's reliability. Under different proprietorship, SeaWay recommenced services in August 2007. However, in May 2008, the operator of SeaWay announced suspension of services until October 2008, citing increased fuel prices. In June 2008

632-507: A succession of smaller airlines from the 1970s tried with varying success to maintain a 'second string' presence. Island Air and Pagas operated briefly in the 1970s, whilst the most successful, Emu Airways , commenced in 1980 and made its final flight in November 2005. Emu flew Piper Chieftain aircraft to Kingscote, American River, Penneshaw and Parndana, before air regulations dictated abandonment of all airstrips except Kingscote. Air Kangaroo Island (formerly Air Transit), flew Cessna 402s to

711-683: A week from Melbourne over the peak tourist season in December and January. An $ 18 million upgrade of the Kingscote Airport was completed in May 2018. Around 1938, the Salt Company on Kangaroo Island used a rail tractor built by W. Day & Sons of South Melbourne to transport salt on a short narrow gauge railway between its factory and the port in Muston . Salt was obtained from Muston Lake, White Lagoon, Salt Lagoon and smaller lagoons near Kingscote . It

790-532: A wombat's burrow which was on a pastoral lease granted to Walter Watson Hughes. Hughes formed the Tipara Mining Company, which later became the Moonta Mining Company. By the late 1800s, Moonta had the largest urban population outside of Adelaide, with 12,000 people, including many Cornish miners and their families who brought with them their skills, and lifestyle. Much of the character of this period

869-409: Is South Australia's first colonial settlement. It was later suggested that Kingscote could serve as the capital of South Australia, but the island's resources were insufficient to support such a large community, so the settlement of Adelaide was chosen. There are several smaller towns on the island. Penneshaw , the second largest town on Kangaroo Island, has a population of around 300 and is located on

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948-424: Is a hive of agricultural activity every 2 years, at the end of September. Access from Adelaide is by road, and a regular bus service operates from the capital to main towns on the peninsula and between some of the towns. It takes an estimated two and a half hours to drive from end to end, and about 30–40 minutes across the peninsula. There are no traffic lights on the peninsula. In December 2006, Sea SA operated

1027-514: Is connected to the main South Australian power grid by a pair of 33 kV subsea cables across Backstairs Passage. The original 30-year-old 10,000 kVA cable was retained when the second cable, with double its capacity, was laid in 2018 at a cost of $ 45 million. Before the new cable was commissioned, University of Technology Sydney conducted a study to assess the viability of renewable energy technology being used to independently generate

1106-549: Is expected to reach the mark of $ 168 million by December 2020. Some of the most popular tourist spots are: Kangaroo Island is also considered to be one of South Australia's best locations for scuba diving, with many popular locations along the north coast. Many of South Australia's iconic marine species can be seen there, including the Leafy seadragon . Penneshaw jetty is known for its Gorgonian corals and there are many other timber jetties and shipwrecks that can be dived and enjoyed around

1185-687: Is in Flinders Chase National Park, west of the junction of the Playford and West End Highways. The second highest point is Mount MacDonnell at 299 m (981 ft) above sea level . It is separated from Yorke Peninsula to the northwest by Investigator Strait and from Fleurieu Peninsula to the northeast by Backstairs Passage . A group of islets, the Pages , lie off the eastern end of the island. Kangaroo Island separated from mainland Australia around 10,000 years ago, due to rising sea level after

1264-456: Is mostly agricultural (grapes, honey, wool, meat and grain). Traditionally, sheep grazing has been the key element in agriculture on the Island; however, in recent times, more diverse crops, such as potatoes and canola , have been introduced. Cattle farming has grown as well, with good quality beef cattle being raised in the higher rainfall areas. Tourism and fishing also play significant roles, with

1343-488: Is now in doubt, following the collapse of Great Southern Plantation Ltd. in May 2009. The island has 30 wine growers and 12 wineries. The first vineyard was planted near Eastern Cove in 1976 and the first wine made in 1982. This was blended with Tolleys Barossa wine and sold from the cellar door of Eastern Cove Wine as KI-Barossa blend. The Florance vineyard was established under supervision of B. Hayes, who produced its first wine – Eastern Cove Cygnet – and introduced it at

1422-509: Is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park . Prior to European settlement of the area commencing around 1840, following the British colonisation of South Australia , Yorke Peninsula was the home to the Narungga people. This Aboriginal Australian nation are the traditional owners of the land, and comprised four clans sharing the peninsula, known as Guuranda: Kurnara in the north, Dilpa in

1501-436: Is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park . Typical of the southern coastal areas of the state and influenced by the surrounding bodies of water, Yorke Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate , ( Koppen : borderline Csa/Csb), with some areas bordering a semi-arid climate , with hot, dry summer and cool, wet winter seasons. Maximum temperatures in summer average around 30°C and in winter average around 12–15°C. Due to

1580-594: Is possible on the northern beaches, such as Emu Bay, Stokes Bay or Snellings Beach, and at Island Beach on the Dudley Peninsula. The south coast has dangerous undertows and is more suitable for stronger and experienced swimmers only. An ocean pool with easy shore and pontoon access exists at Kingscote and is free to use. The island is home to the Kangaroo Island Football League and has several other organised sporting competitions. Kangaroo Island

1659-593: Is prime agricultural land, with mostly small rolling hills and flat plains. The southern end of the Hummocks Range partially extends down the top of the Peninsula, flattening out near Clinton . The highest point on the Peninsula is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-east of Maitland , although there is some debate as to where the Peninsula borders the Mid-North, and part of the steep Hummocks terrain may be considered part of

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1738-547: Is surrounded on three sides by the ocean, and forms a 170,000-hectare (420,000-acre) isolated "mainland island", with large tracts of excellent native vegetation. Principal towns include the Copper Coast towns of Kadina , Moonta and Wallaroo ; farming centres of Maitland , Minlaton and Yorketown ; and the port of Ardrossan . A number of smaller coastal towns are popular destinations for fishing and holidays, particularly for people from Adelaide . The south-western tip

1817-563: The Campbell Macquarie , which was engaged in salt harvesting on the island. When she was wrecked later that year, 30 tons of the mineral was recovered from her cargo. Most ships of the " First Fleet of South Australia " that brought settlers for the new colony first stopped at Nepean Bay. The first was Duke of York commanded by Captain Robert Clark Morgan on 27 or 28 July 1836; Lady Mary Pelham , under Robert Ross, arrived

1896-700: The British Bee Journal , 1 November 1885, added "They came from the apiary of Mr. Chas. Fullwood." A. E. Bonney quickly commenced queen bee breeding near Adelaide at his Upper Kensington apiary in January 1884. In the South Australian Advertiser , 7 March 1884, Bonney stated "About three weeks ago I divided the original colony, and the Chamber of Manufactures now possesses three good swarms of Ligurians; two of these will probably be ready to send out towards

1975-657: The Corporation of the Town of Wallaroo . The council seat is in Kadina, and there are council branch offices in Moonta and Wallaroo. Remains of the Cornish mining heritage continue to be evident, including stone cottages constructed by the miners, and the remains of mine sites, including Hughes' Engine House and Richman's Engine House. Information on local Heritage walks and drives can be obtained from

2054-613: The Gulf St Vincent Important Bird Area and the Southern Yorke Peninsula Important Bird Area . The Gulf St Vincent IBA covers a strip of intertidal land from Ardrossan to the head of Gulf St Vincent and onto the east coast of the gulf. The Southern Yorke Peninsula IBA covers most of the southern western tip of the Peninsula and overlaps Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park and Warrenben Conservation Park. Marna Banggara, formerly known as

2133-598: The Monarto Zoo temporarily housed 85 mainland tammar wallaby from New Zealand, awaiting reintroduction to the Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park , after they had been locally extinct there for some time. By 2012, four releases had been made, and the population increased to 100–120 animals. The following statutory reserves are located within the peninsula or immediately adjoin its coastline: Yorke Peninsula also hosts two Important Bird Areas (IBA):

2212-560: The SeaWay's operating company was placed in administration and the vessel advertised for sale. With the introduction by SeaLink of the Island Navigator , the fate of Island Seaway was sealed, with the service subsequently withdrawn and SeaLink drawing on Government subsidies to operate all freight services to and from the Island. SeaLink now holds a virtual monopoly on sea transport to Kangaroo Island, primarily due to its long term lease of

2291-462: The last glacial period . Known as (Karta) Pintingga ('Island of the Dead') by the mainland Aboriginal peoples, the existence of stone tools and shell middens shows that Aboriginal people once lived on Kangaroo Island. It is thought that they occupied it as long ago as 16,000 years before the present and may have only disappeared from the island as recently as 2000 years ago. There is however evidence of

2370-456: The 1930s. In 1959, the airline was acquired by Airlines of South Australia (ASA), a subsidiary of Ansett . The airline's final service was on 4 April 1986. ASA primarily operated Convairs , Douglas DC-3 and Fokker F-27 aircraft. A Piaggio P.166 was used infrequently in the 1970s, whilst Rossair operated Cessna 402s in an arrangement with ASA to replace the F27s in off-peak times. Following

2449-465: The 2024 Adelaide Festival . The work, which comprises three sections, each relating to a local creation story, includes dance, puppetry, and songs. Since the discovery of Copper on Yorke Peninsula over 150 years ago, the towns of Kadina , Moonta and Wallaroo have been collectively known as the Copper Coast. The world's largest Cornish Festival takes place every 2 years (in odd-numbered years) in

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2528-521: The Cape Jervis berth. Sealink's agreement with the SA Government, expiring in 2024, precludes other operators from using the Cape Jervis facility for one hour before, and one hour after any scheduled SeaLink service. Kangaroo Island residents have expressed displeasure with the exclusive arrangement granted to SeaLink. Guinea Airways operated the first commercial service to Kangaroo Island, commencing in

2607-994: The Copper Coast Visitor Information Centre in Kadina, the Moonta Tourist Outlet or the Wallaroo Information Outlet. Several museums have been established in the area to preserve the local heritage, including: The Copper Coast is home to three historic jetties which are popular among scuba divers and snorkellers. Wallaroo and Port Hughes jetties are considered two of the best scuba diving sites in South Australia. Moonta's jetty has features an enclosed area where people can swim without fear of shark visitation. 34°07′11″S 137°29′28″E  /  34.119763°S 137.491150°E  / -34.119763; 137.491150 Yorke Peninsula The Yorke Peninsula , known as Guuranda by

2686-459: The Copper Coast towns of Kadina , Moonta and Wallaroo . Kangaroo Island Kangaroo Island , also known as Karta Pintingga (lit. '[The] Island of the Dead' in the language of the Kaurna people), is Australia 's third-largest island , after Tasmania and Melville Island . It lies in the state of South Australia , 112 km (70 mi) southwest of Adelaide . Its closest point to

2765-646: The French and the British were at war at the time, the men met peacefully. They both used the fresh water seeping at what is now known as Hog Bay near Frenchman's Rock and the site of present-day Penneshaw . Baudin named the Island Île Borda , in honour of Jean-Charles de Borda , although the French chart published by Louis de Freycinet after Baudin's death referred to the Island as Île Decres . A community of sealers and escaped convicts existed on Kangaroo Island from 1802 to

2844-561: The Great Southern Ark, is a grand project starting in 2019 to restore the landscape and ecology of the southern Yorke Peninsula, by reintroducing around twenty locally extinct species. The 25-kilometre (16 mi) fence across the peninsula, isolating a 170,000-hectare (420,000-acre) "mainland island", will limit predation of both native species and livestock such as lambs by feral cats and red foxes . Some work on controlling foxes had been carried out around 2006, in preparation for

2923-528: The Island in the 1990s. From 1986 to 1990, Lloyd Aviation operated Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante aircraft, before flying the Short 330 . For several years in the 1980s, Commodore Airlines (eventually becoming State Air) offered another alternative service. QantasLink briefly operated a service after the demise of Emu Airways, commencing 18 December 2005, but withdrew less than six months later. QantasLink also operated direct flights from Kangaroo Island to Melbourne,

3002-573: The Kangaroo Island coastline. The earliest was the cutter William (20 tons), which was wrecked while trying to enter Hog Bay on 23 August 1847. The largest vessel lost was Portland Maru (5,865 tons), which sank at Cape Torrens on 20 March 1935. The greatest loss of life occurred with the wreck of Loch Sloy on 24 April 1899 at Maupertuis Bay , when 31 people were drowned, and one initial survivor subsequently perished. Twenty-seven people drowned at West Bay in September 1905, when Loch Vennachar

3081-513: The Kartan people on the mainland, for instance at Hallett Cove . A mainland Aboriginal dreaming story tells of the Backstairs Passage flooding: "Long ago, Ngurunderi's two wives ran away from him, and he was forced to follow them. He pursued them and as he did so he crossed Lake Albert and went along the beach to Cape Jervis . When he arrived there he saw his wives wading half-way across

3160-459: The Peninsula. A series of shallow valleys line the interior of the Peninsula, with the main one called the Yorke Valley extending roughly from Sunnyvale, south of Paskeville through to Ramsey, between Minlaton and Stansbury . The predominant Yorke Valley area lies roughly in the area between Arthurton , Maitland, Ardrossan and Curramulka . The southern tip, sometimes termed the "foot",

3239-545: The University of South Australia in 1990. The wine carried a Kangaroo Island appellation label as first wine 100% of the region. Kangaroo Island is noted for its honey and its Ligurian honey bees . The island has the world's only pure-bred and disease-free population of this type of bee. The exporting of pure-bred queen bees is a notable industry for the island. For this reason, there are significant quarantine restrictions on bringing bee products and bee-handling equipment onto

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3318-463: The chamber from Queensland, was sent safely to Mr Turner, at Smith's Bay, Kangaroo Island." Kangaroo Island is one of South Australia's most popular tourist attractions, attracting over 140,000 visitors each year, with international visitors, primarily from Europe, accounting for more than 25% of these visits. There were 114 businesses operating in the sector in June 2016 and the visitor expenditure reached $ 123 million in December 2017. The expenditure

3397-486: The crossing from Cape Jervis to Penneshaw, with Philanderer 3 being a passenger and vehicle carrying catamaran style vessel. In the 1980s, two passenger only services, Hydroflite H33 , and Islander , operated for a short time from Glenelg to Kingscote. SeaLink has outlasted several competing companies since it began operations. Boat Torque, a Western Australian company, operated Superflyte from 1994 until 1997, sailing from Glenelg to Kingscote. Kangaroo Island Ferries had

3476-650: The end of the month." And on 9 May 1884 "To show that I think highly of the Ligurians, I may say that in March I imported two more colonies from Queensland. … During Easter holidays Mr Justice Boucaut took one queen [bred and mated in Adelaide] in a full colony to Mr Buick, of American River, Kangaroo Island." From the South Australian Advertiser, 1 August 1884 "On June 25 the original hive of Ligurian bees, imported by

3555-588: The federal government’s National Landcare Program , the South Australian Department for Environment and Water , WWF-Australia and the Foundation for National Parks and Wildlife , and many organisations have been actively involved in developing the project. Twenty woylies , or brush-tailed bettongs, were the first species reintroduced in the area, translocated from Wedge Island in June 2021, with another 80 to follow over time. The woylies will be

3634-529: The first ferry service across the Spencer Gulf, between Wallaroo and Lucky Bay , near Cowell on Eyre Peninsula , and this service continued until at least late 2015. As of 2021 a daily ferry service is operated by Spencer Gulf Searoad. The Balaklava-Moonta railway line ran across the upper Yorke Peninsula from 1878 until the 1980s. A programme, "Baiting for biodiversity ", involving making discounted fox baits available to landowners, in order to reduce

3713-416: The first of about 20 locally extinct species which will be moved there by around 2040. Other species to be reintroduced as part of the project include western quolls and southern brown bandicoots , as well as native predators including the barn owl , red-tailed phascogale . The work Guuranda , directed by Narungga / Kaurna man Jacob Boehme, premiered at Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide , as part of

3792-477: The first time the route was operated. In January 2007, Air South commenced four services daily using Titan nine seat aircraft, but ceased flights in October 2009. In June 2017, Qantas announced direct Qantaslink flights to Kangaroo Island from Adelaide and Melbourne from December 2017, offering five flights a week from Adelaide over the peak summer months, reducing to three flights a week after Easter, and two flights

3871-432: The grain in bags, and deliver fertiliser and other supplies. As roads in the region improved, and freight-handling techniques changed from bags to bulk, this became obsolete. A deep-water port was opened in 1970 near the south-eastern tip at Port Giles to export grain in bulk, and almost all the other ports ceased to be used for freight in the 1950s and 1960s. The only other ports with bulk-handling facilities are Wallaroo at

3950-426: The island experiencing over 186,000 visitors per annum, and some of the best southern rock lobster being sourced from the island's rugged south coast. Kangaroo Island has South Australia's only eucalyptus oil distillery, with oil distilled from the endemic Kangaroo Island narrow leaf mallee . The future of over 19,000 hectares, which had been planted (or were due to be planted) with blue gum for future harvesting,

4029-403: The island's power with a combination of wind , solar and biomass . Although the study concluded that it was indeed possible for the island to sustainably produce its own power for around the same price as the new cable, SA Power Networks ultimately decided against the idea. The Kangaroo Island power station has three 2 MWe Caterpillar 3516B diesel generators capable of providing

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4108-486: The island. The Kangaroo Island Council provides local government for the entire island and was formed in 1996, following amalgamation of the previous District Councils of Kingscote and Dudley . Kangaroo Island is in the federal Division of Mayo and in the state Electoral district of Mawson . A 2005 enquiry into the financial sustainability of local government in South Australia determined that 26 out of 68 councils in South Australia were considered unsustainable in

4187-452: The island. The Advertiser , 24 December 1883, reported "A few weeks since the Chamber of Manufactures forwarded an order to Mr. Carroll, a bee master, near Brisbane, for a swarm of Ligurian bees." The American Bee Journal , 25 November 1885, stated "Several pure colonies were reared from this one, [the first hive from Queensland] and two of them were sent to Kangaroo Island, where they appear to thrive well." An almost word perfect report in

4266-499: The land "Kanguroo (sic) Island", due to the endemic subspecies of the western grey kangaroo , Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus , after landing near Kangaroo Head on the north coast of the Dudley Peninsula . He was closely followed by the French explorer Commander Nicolas Baudin , who was the first European to circumnavigate the Island and who mapped much of the island (which is why so many areas have French names). Although

4345-486: The largest beachfront residential development in South Australia. The coastal towns of the Copper Coast are popular destinations for tourists, particularly from Adelaide , as well as from regional areas of South Australia. The remains of the historic mines can be inspected, including the ruins of the old copper smelter at Wallaroo and the old Moonta mines. Fishing is a popular recreational activity. There are several local jetties. Also, there are boat ramps available to launch

4424-418: The long term. Among these was Kangaroo Island Council, due to its large land area, extensive road network, low population and high tourism visitation. A long term financial plan adopted by council included a rate increase of 2% above CPI for the ten years from 2010. On 13 May 2010, a development plan was authorised, representing a comprehensive review of Kangaroo Island's planning regulations. Safe swimming

4503-527: The mainland by kidnapped women seeking to escape from their captors. 'A fine specimen of her race' was pointed out to J. W. Bull as having swum the passage in 1835, and a woman and her baby were found dead on the beach after a presumed crossing in 1871. In 1803, sealers from the American brig Union built the schooner Independence , the first ship built in South Australia, at what is now American River . In 1812, Richard Siddins reached Kangaroo Island on

4582-668: The mainland is Snapper Point in Backstairs Passage , which is 13.5 km (8.4 mi) from the Fleurieu Peninsula . The native population of Aboriginal Australians that once occupied the island (sometimes referred to as the Kartan people ) disappeared from the archaeological record sometime after the land became an island following the rising sea levels associated with the Last Glacial Period around 10,000 years ago. It

4661-543: The name "Cambaceres Peninsula". The area is also known as the Yorke Horst , which is distinct physiographic section of the larger South Australian Shatter Belt province, which in turn is part of the larger West Australian Shield , a physiographic division describing a geological feature known as a shield . Along with Cape Eyre the peninsula is also part of the Eyre Yorke Block bioregion . Most of Yorke Peninsula

4740-401: The north eastern tip of the Dudley Peninsula, on the eastern end of the island. It contains the ferry terminal, which brings most of the visitors to the island, along with all the necessary freight to sustain the local population. Parndana , in the centre of the island, has a population of about 150, but most do not live in the town; they are sprawled within a few kilometres. The historic area to

4819-471: The north occasionally bring heavy storm events during spring and summer; rainfall is otherwise light and unreliable due to high pressure systems dominating the area. Yorke Peninsula is a major producer of grain, particularly barley . Historically this has been sent out by sea because there are no rail services. Most coastal towns on the peninsula have substantial jetties. In the past these were used by ketches , schooners , and later steamships , to collect

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4898-559: The north-western side, and Ardrossan at the top of Gulf St Vincent , also used to ship dolomite from a nearby mine for OneSteel . Maitland has a grain-receiving depot operated by AWB , serviced only by road. Wine production commenced on the Peninsula during the 1990s, taking advantage of the rich grey, limestone -based soil. Acknowledged as Australia's oldest Field Days, the Yorke Peninsula Field Days have been held since 1894. The Field Days site just outside Paskeville

4977-460: The original inhabitants, the Narungga people , is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia , between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait . The most populous town in the region is Kadina ; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip

5056-499: The population of the region has grown significantly. Several new housing developments have taken place, including Patrick's Cove at Port Hughes, Copper Cove Marina at Wallaroo, and the Dunes at Port Hughes, which includes the first golf course designed by Greg Norman to be constructed in Australia. Wallaroo Shores Estate on the foreshore of Wallaroo is currently underway, and predicted to be

5135-462: The remnants of its natural vegetation and native animals, with the largest and best-known being Flinders Chase National Park at the western end. The island is 145 kilometres (90 mi) long west/east and between 0.94 and 54 km (1 and 34 mi) from its narrowest to widest north/south points. Its area covers 4,405 km (1,701 sq mi). Its coastline is 540 km (336 mi) long, and its highest point of 307 metres (1007 ft)

5214-486: The return of tammar wallabies to Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park, but the fence will expand the area of control. The geography of the southern tip of the peninsula makes it an excellent location for species reintroduction , as it is surrounded by the ocean on three sides. The area already possesses good native vegetation, and the area is isolated. Marna Banggara is funded through the Northern and Yorke Landscape Board,

5293-464: The shallow channel which divided Naroongowie from the mainland. He was determined to punish his wives, and angrily ordered the water to rise up and drown them. With a terrific rush the waters roared and the women were carried back towards the mainland. Although they tried frantically to swim against the tidal wave they were powerless to do so and were drowned." On 23 March 1802, British explorer Matthew Flinders , commanding HMS  Investigator , named

5372-802: The south, Wari in the west, and Windarra in the east. The Narungga people also had names for the locations of many towns on the peninsula, such as Maggiwarda for Maitland . Today the descendants of these people still live on Yorke Peninsula, supported by the Narungga Aboriginal Progress Association in Maitland , and in the community at Point Pearce . It was named "Yorke's Peninsula" by Captain Matthew Flinders , after Charles Philip Yorke (later Lord Hardwicke), narrowly beating French navigator Captain Nicolas Baudin , who preferred

5451-469: The south-east of the township, known as the Research Centre to locals, was home to the research station that was set up in the 1940s and 1950s to research the viability of agriculture in the area and still has a small settlement of about 20 people. American River , on the north coast between Kingscote and Penneshaw , has about 300 residents. Penneshaw and Parndana each have basic facilities, including

5530-577: The surrounding bodies of water, winter temperatures are moderated and milder than most of the state, with overnight temperatures rarely falling below zero, making frost relatively uncommon in the region. Northerly winds from the desert can bring temperatures above 40°C in summer and occasionally bring very warm winter days well into the 20s. Average precipitation is 4–600 mm, most of which falls from mid-April through to September, though total and seasonal rainfall can vary greatly from year to year. Along with most of southern Australia, monsoonal lows from

5609-455: The threat of introduced foxes to native fauna, has been running across 170,000 hectares (420,000 acres) of the peninsula since 2014. The programme has been successful in helping to protect native species, such as the western pygmy possum , tammar wallaby including threatened species such as the hooded plover , mallee fowl and fairy tern . Bush stone-curlews had returned to the peninsula after not being seen there for 40 years. In 2003,

5688-490: The time of South Australia's colonisation in 1836. A sealing gang led by Joseph Murrrell are reported landing at Harvey's Return in 1806–07, and they established a camp on the beach. The sealers were rough men and several kidnapped Aboriginal women from Tasmania and mainland South Australia. The women were kept prisoner as wives and virtual slaves. At least two contemporary accounts (Taplin 1867, Bull 1884) report reputed crossings of Backstairs Passage from Kangaroo Island to

5767-508: The withdrawal of ASA, Kendell Airlines (another Ansett subsidiary), operated 19-seat Fairchild Metroliners and 34-seat SAAB aircraft to the Island. Upon Ansett's ultimate demise in 2002, Regional Express (Rex) acquired the Kendell aircraft and continued services to Kingscote Airport until early 2020, when it ceased operation citing competition from Qantas In competition with the larger aircraft, and generally with more flexible timetables,

5846-458: Was captured by local cartoonist Oswald Pryor (1881–1971), son of a Cornish miner. Later, agriculture became more important to the region's economy from the 1880s onward. The region has been able to sustain its agricultural productivity as it is below the Goyder Line . The Copper Coast's urban centres of Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta form the core of Yorke Peninsula's retail sector. In recent years,

5925-537: Was replaced by the Government run A$ 23 million Island Seaway . Built locally in Port Adelaide by Eglo Engineering , Island Seaway used the same loading platforms as Troubridge . Island Seaway was severely criticised as being unsuitable for the Backstairs Passage crossing. Seventy-five sheep and cattle died on the inaugural trip due to carbon monoxide poisoning, and the ship was once described as 'steering like

6004-421: Was sold to domestic and industrial users, e.g. for fish and meat preservation and tanning. The salt exports from Kangaroo Island to Adelaide rose from 13 tons in 1843 to 20,000 tons in 1913. Plans for further railway lines did not pass the planning stage. Having a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csb ), the winters between June and September are mild and wet, the summers usually warm and dry. Tempered by

6083-441: Was subsequently settled intermittently by sealers and whalers in the early 19th century, and from 1836 on a permanent basis during the British colonisation of South Australia . Since then the island's economy has been principally agricultural, with a southern rock lobster fishery and with tourism growing in importance. The largest town, and the administrative centre, is Kingscote . The island has several nature reserves to protect

6162-589: Was the prime freight and passenger vessel operating between Port Adelaide and Kingscote. Following withdrawal from service of Karatta , RW Miller operated the MV Troubridge , in later years as a joint venture with the South Australian Government. Troubridge was a roll on, roll off vessel of 1,996 tons, which used specially designed loading gantries at Port Adelaide , Port Lincoln and Kingscote. Troubridge operated until 1 June 1987, when it

6241-564: Was wrecked. The first lighthouse built was erected at Cape Willoughby in 1852; this was also the first lighthouse to be erected in South Australia. This was followed by the Cape Borda Lightstation in 1858, the Cape du Couedic Lighthouse in 1906 and Cape St Albans Lighthouse in 1908. All lighthouses continue to be operational. The biggest town on Kangaroo Island is Kingscote . Originally established at Reeves Point on 27 July 1836, it

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