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94-488: Practitioners of construction management are called construction managers . They have knowledge and experience in the field of business management and building science . Professional construction managers may be hired for large-scaled, high budget undertakings ( commercial real estate , transportation infrastructure , industrial facilities, and military infrastructure ), called capital projects. Construction managers use their knowledge of project delivery methods to deliver

188-447: A Council of Ministers of Education, Canada . British Columbia is the only Canadian province offering American-style associate degrees. Similar to the U.S., these consist of a two-year program and allow for articulation onto the third year of a bachelor's degree program. Other provinces do not offer associate degrees but do offer similar higher education qualifications below the bachelor's level: These are two-year courses resulting in

282-460: A "low-bid" contract), but with adjustments in responsibility for the CM. The advantage of a CM at-risk arrangement is budget management. Before a project's design is completed (six to eighteen months of coordination between designer and owner), the CM is involved with estimating the cost of constructing a project based on the goals of the designer and owner (design concept) and the project's scope. In balancing

376-661: A Construction Manager fall into the following 7 categories: Project Management Planning, Cost Management, Time Management, Quality Management, Contract Administration, Safety Management, and CM Professional Practice. CM professional practice includes specific activities such as defining the responsibilities and management structure of the project management team, organizing and leading by implementing project controls, defining roles and responsibilities, developing communication protocols, and identifying elements of project design and construction likely to give rise to disputes and claims. The functions of construction management typically include

470-559: A bachelor degree after, usually, two additional years. Associate degrees are also offered by some universities, as a final degree or as an intermediate stage before a bachelor degree. In Hispanic America, an associate degree is called a carrera técnica , tecnicatura or Técnico Superior Universitario (TSU), while a bachelor's degree would be known as a licenciatura or ingeniería . In Brazil , undergraduate degrees are known as graduação ('graduate') while graduate degrees are known as pós-graduação ('postgraduate'). Brazil follows

564-436: A bidder. In a design-build contract the contractor is established at the outset, and construction activities can proceed concurrently with the design. The third major advantage is that the design-build contractor has an incentive to keep the combined design and construction costs within the owner's budget. If speed is important, design and construction contracts can be awarded separately; bidding takes place on preliminary plans in

658-438: A builder (usually known as a general contractor ). There are traditionally two contracts between these parties as they work together to plan, design and construct the project. The first contract is the owner-designer contract, which involves planning, design, and construction contract administration. The second contract is the owner-contractor contract, which involves construction. An indirect third-party relationship exists between

752-450: A commonly accepted set of qualifications and tests to determine a project manager's competency. The profession has recently grown to accommodate several dozen construction management Bachelor of Science programs. Many universities have also begun offering a master's degree in project management. These programs generally are tailored to working professionals who have project management experience or project related experience; they provide

846-469: A desire for more non-authoritarian leadership in project work. Some tools, knowledge and techniques for managing projects may be unique to project management - for example: work-breakdown structures , critical-path analysis and earned-value management . Understanding and applying the tools and techniques which are generally recognized as good practices are not sufficient alone for effective project management. Effective project management requires that

940-493: A diploma in a broad range of technical, professional and academic subjects. Articulation into bachelor's programs are the norm but can differ by subject (with some specialties rarer among bachelor's). Ontario also offers three-year advanced diplomas which are not considered as associate degrees. The territories have fewer but similar diploma programs, some being particularly geared to Arctic environments, and northern Indigenous cultures and languages, with bachelor's programs being

1034-443: A heavyweight, predictive methodology such as the waterfall model is often employed, but software project managers must also be skilled in more lightweight, adaptive methodologies such as DSDM , Scrum and XP . These project management methodologies are based on the uncertainty of developing a new software system and advocate smaller, incremental development cycles. These incremental or iterative cycles are time boxed (constrained to

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1128-462: A known period of time, typically from one to four weeks) and produce a working subset of the entire system deliverable at the end of each iteration. The increasing adoption of lightweight approaches is due largely to the fact that software requirements are very susceptible to change, and it is extremely difficult to illuminate all the potential requirements in a single project phase before the software development commences. The software project manager

1222-601: A mix of local provision , partnerships with institutions based elsewhere in Canada and international consortia . Indigenous nations in most provinces have education systems also provide First Nations-focused diplomas programs, with North American Aboriginal education bodies . In Quebec , the Diplôme d'études collégiales (diploma of college studies), taught at post-secondary collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel (colleges of general and professional education; cégeps ) can be

1316-415: A monthly basis but could be modified to meet certain milestones. Progress payments are an important part of contract administration for the contractor. Proper preparation of the information necessary for payment processing can help the contractor financially complete the project. Once the owner moves into the building, a warranty period begins. This is to ensure that all materials, equipment, and quality meet

1410-574: A more intense and in depth education surrounding the knowledge areas within the project management body of knowledge. The United States Navy construction battalions, nicknamed the SeaBees , puts their command through strenuous training and certifications at every level. To become a chief petty officer in the SeaBees is equivalent to a BS in construction management with the added benefit of several years of experience to their credit. See ACE accreditation. In engineering, project management involves seeing

1504-435: A not-to-exceed contract instead of a single firm design-build contract. The major problem with design-build contracts is an inherent conflict of interest. In a standard contract the architect works for the owner and is directly responsible to the owner. In design-build teaming agreement, the architect works for the design-builder, not the owner, therefore the design-builder may make design and construction decisions that benefit

1598-400: A policy of open communication , ensuring that project participants can voice their opinions and concerns. The project manager is accountable for ensuring that everyone on the team knows and executes his or her role, feels empowered and supported in the role, knows the roles of the other team members and acts upon the belief that those roles will be performed. The specific responsibilities of

1692-618: A possibility of changing in scope, or have strict schedule deadlines. Additionally, it is an efficient method in projects containing technical complexity, multi-trade coordination, or multiple phases. Starting with its Accelerated Bridge Program in the late 2000s, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation began employing accelerated construction techniques, in which it signs contracts with incentives for early completion and penalties for late completion, and uses intense construction during longer periods of complete closure to shorten

1786-428: A product or device through the developing and manufacturing stages, working with various professionals in different fields of engineering and manufacturing to go from concept to finished product. Optionally, this can include different versions and standards as required by different countries, requiring knowledge of laws, requirements and infrastructure. In the insurance industry project managers often oversee and manage

1880-493: A secondary data center will be constructed in a remote location to help protect the business from outages caused by natural disasters or weather. Recently, cyber security has become a significant growth area within IT infrastructure management. The infrastructure PM usually has an undergraduate degree in engineering or computer science, while a master's degree in project management is required for senior-level positions. Along with

1974-479: A shorter time period to obtain than a bachelor or teaching degree (some of which may take between four and six years to complete), and it aims to provide highly specialized knowledge (e.g., agribusiness technical degree, tourism management degree, web development technical degree, etc.). Education in Canada is a provincial power: each province and territory regulates tertiary education and degree system in their jurisdictions, with pan-Canadian co-ordination in

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2068-453: A two-year pre-university qualification that is a pre-requisite for entry into the bachelor's degree. However, because a bachelor's degree in Quebec takes 3 years to complete instead of 4 years, it can be thought as an articulation onto the second year of a standard North American bachelor's degree program. Quebec also has a three-year Cégep technical programme preparing students for employment. In

2162-771: Is "not unlikely" that people at Chicago knew of the associate degrees being awarded in the United Kingdom , but there is no direct evidence of this. Chicago discontinued its associate degrees in 1918. The associate degree spread across the US, with California College in Oakland (now the American Baptist Seminary of the West ) introducing Associate in Arts and Associate in Letters degrees in 1900, and

2256-407: Is a delivery method which entails a commitment by the construction manager to deliver the project within a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP). The construction manager acts as a consultant to the owner in the development and design phases (preconstruction services), and as a general contractor during construction. When a construction manager is bound to a GMP, the fundamental character of the relationship

2350-446: Is a schedule of when (according to project milestones or specified dates) contractors and suppliers will be paid for the current progress of installed work. Progress payments or interim payments are partial payments for work completed during a portion of a construction period, usually a month. Progress payments are made to general contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers as construction projects progress. Payments are typically made on

2444-409: Is also expected to be familiar with the software development life cycle (SDLC). This may require in-depth knowledge of requirements solicitation, application development, logical and physical database design and networking. This knowledge is typically the result of the aforementioned education and experience. There is not a widely accepted certification for software project managers, but many will hold

2538-508: Is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of academic qualification above a high school diploma and below a bachelor's degree . The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into

2632-667: Is available from ABET , the American Council for Construction Education (ACCE), the American Academy of Project Management (AAPM), the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) or the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC). According to the American Council for Construction Education (one of the academic accreditation agencies responsible for accrediting construction management programs in

2726-479: Is called "Erhvervsakademiuddannelse". This is called an AP-Degree (Academy Professional Degree) in English. For many decades, a diploma comparable to an associate degree was considered a very adequate degree for those willing to work as qualified technicians. Yet as the general population spends an increasing amount of time studying, they are no longer as attractive to students who wish to distinguish themselves. In 2021,

2820-567: Is called an AP-Degree (Academy Professional Degree). See also: List of universities and colleges in Sweden . Business academies offer two-year academy profession programmes; some business academies also offer professional bachelor programmes, further adult education and diploma programmes. The title of Associate in Physical Science ( Associate in Science (ASc) from 1879) was introduced in 1865 by

2914-534: Is changed. In addition to acting in the owner's interest, the construction manager must control construction costs to stay within the GMP. CM at-risk is a global term referring to the business relationship of a construction contractor, owner and architect (or designer). Typically, a CM at-risk arrangement eliminates a "low-bid" construction project. A GMP agreement is a typical part of the CM-and-owner agreement (comparable to

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3008-492: Is focused on college level general education in disciplines such as Communications , English , History , Mathematics , Natural Science , and Social Science , and the second year is focused on the area of a student's major. Students who complete a vocational program can often earn a terminal associate degree such as the Associate of Applied Arts ( AAA ) or the Associate of Applied Science ( AAS ). Transfer admissions in

3102-483: Is hired for the following deliverables means and methods, communications with the authority having jurisdiction, time management , document control , cost controls and management, quality controls, decision making , mathematics , shop drawings , record drawings and human resources . In the US, the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) states the most common responsibilities of

3196-418: Is motivated to work with the architect to develop a practical design. The team can find creative ways to reduce construction costs without reducing the function of the final product. The second major advantage involves the schedule. Many projects are commissioned within a tight time frame. Under a traditional contract, construction cannot begin until after the design is finished and the project has been awarded to

3290-437: Is over-designed to increase profits for the design-builder, or a building built with lesser-quality products to maximize profits. However, incentive clauses are written into the contract to mitigate these issues. A project delivery method where the construction company takes full responsibility for a project. The construction industry typically includes three parties: an owner, a licensed designer ( architect or engineer ) and

3384-484: Is sometimes referred to as an "Owner's Representative." The CM's role is to represent the interests of the Owner throughout the various phases of a project beginning as early as feasibility studies and conceptual planning of the project. Construction Managers help to inform good decision making on behalf of the owner through planning, design, permitting, construction contract procurement, and during construction. A primary role of

3478-420: Is typically hired as a personal or professional, qualifications-based service rather than as a bid. Costs are based on a guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, and substantiated by level of effort or staffing plan that identifies the hours per service task to be provided, and based on individual billable hourly rates of proposed project-assigned staff. Construction cost management is a fee-based service in which

3572-467: The Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie (DUT) was reframed as an intermediate degree part of a three-year curriculum now referred to as BUT. Prior to the reform of 2006, universities awarded a two-year diploma called DEUG, the purpose of which was also to help the student pursue studies in a field that differed from what was initially intended. The degree was considered a 'stepping stone' ahead of

3666-731: The Foundation degree (FdA, FdSc, FdEng), Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) and Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) in the United Kingdom, the Higher Certificate in the Republic of Ireland , and the French Diplôme universitaire de Technologie (DUT) and Brevet de Technicien supérieur (BTS). In Czech Republic one achieves the title DiS. "Diplomovaný specialista" (Certificated Specialist). A 2–2.5 year education on BA-level

3760-604: The Project Management Professional (PMP) designation offered by the Project Management Institute , PRINCE2 or an advanced degree in project management, such as a MSPM or other graduate degree in technology management. An infrastructure IT PM is concerned with the nuts and bolts of the IT department, including computers, servers, storage, networking, and such aspects of them as backup, business continuity, upgrades, replacement, and growth. Often,

3854-518: The University of Durham College of Physical Sciences (now Newcastle University ) and awarded from 1873. It required (in 1884) passes in three of mathematics, physics, chemistry and geology, and allowed students to go on to take the examination for the Bachelor of Science. As a university-level qualification lying below the bachelor's degree, this is considered to be the world's first associate degree in

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3948-478: The University of Oxford in 1857 and sometimes referred to as the degree of Associate in Arts, predates the Durham degree. However, it was an examination for "those who are not members of the university" and who were under the age of 18; as such it was at the level of a high school qualification rather than a modern associate degree. Examinations were held in English, languages, mathematics, science, drawing and music, with

4042-532: The British Framework for Higher Education Qualifications . Australian associate degrees, however, are considered equivalent to two-year higher education courses such as the Higher National Diploma at level 5 on the framework. In Hong Kong, associate degrees were first introduced in 2000 with the aim of increasing the number of students with post-secondary qualifications. As originally introduced,

4136-545: The CM is to ensure the terms of the Construction Contract are fulfilled by the Contractor. A CM can be an individual or company focused on providing construction management services. A CM typically does not hold the contracts of the project design firms or construction firms but assists or leads the effort on behalf of the Owner to procure those services and ensure successful execution of those contracts' terms. A CM firm

4230-486: The CM's ability to effect cost savings diminishes. The agency CM can represent the owner by helping select the design and construction teams and managing the design (preventing scope creep ), helping the owner stay within a predetermined budget with value engineering, cost-benefit analysis and best-value comparisons. The software-application field of construction collaboration technology has been developed to apply information technology to construction management. CM at-risk

4324-863: The Lewis Institute in Chicago (now part of the Illinois Institute of Technology ) introducing Associate in Literature and Associate in Science degrees in 1901 (both replaced by the Associate in Arts in 1904) followed by the Associate in Domestic Economy degree in 1908. Associate degrees were not always two-year sub-bachelor's awards in the early 20th century: Harvard University and associated colleges awarded Associate in Arts degrees to students who had passed university extension courses "equal in number and standard to

4418-426: The U.S.), the academic field of construction management encompasses a wide range of topics. These range from general management skills, through management skills specifically related to construction, to technical knowledge of construction methods and practices. There are many schools offering Construction Management programs, including some offering a master's degree. Capital project management software (CPMS) refers to

4512-460: The United States sometimes allows courses taken and credits earned on an AA or AS to be counted toward a bachelor's degree more commonly through articulation or transfer credit agreements but sometimes through recognition of prior learning , depending on the courses taken, applicable state laws/regulations, and the transfer requirements of the university. Common associate-level degree titles include: The Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act

4606-473: The United States, associate degrees are awarded after completion of sixty semester or ninety quarter college credits. The two most commonly awarded associate degrees are the Associate in/of Arts ( AA ) and Associate in/of Science ( AS ) degrees. AA degrees are awarded in the liberal arts , humanities , and social science fields; AS degrees are awarded in the natural science , applied science , and formal science fields. Generally, one year of study

4700-675: The West Indies. They are offered by regional organisations such as the Caribbean Examinations Council and the University of the West Indies , and at institutions of higher education in particular, within The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados , Jamaica , and St. Kitts and Nevis , among others. In 2004, Australia added "associate degree" to the Australian Qualifications Framework . This title

4794-520: The areas of design, bidding, contact management and construction of a project, as well as the in-between phases and post-construction. Until recently, the American construction industry lacked any level of standardization, with individual States determining the eligibility requirements within their jurisdiction. However, several trade associations based in the United States have made strides in creating

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4888-511: The business goals of the sponsor and the capabilities of the technology in order to reach the desired goals of the project. The most difficult part of the infrastructure PM's job maybe this translation of business needs / wants into technical specifications. Oftentimes, business analysts are engaged to help with this requirement. The team size of a large infrastructure project may run into several hundred engineers and technicians, many of whom have strong personalities and require strong leadership if

4982-475: The completion of a bachelor's degree. Aside from the Brevet de Technicien Supérieur (BTS) which remains relevant in many fields for which long academic studies are not deemed crucial and for which young professionals are in demand, degrees comparable to an associate degree are gradually being phased out, although their legitimacy remains in theory (but not always in practice ) unchanged for those who were awarded one in

5076-407: The construction manager (CM) is responsible exclusively to the owner, acting in the owner's interests at every stage of the project. The construction manager offers impartial advice on matters such as: Comprehensive management of every stage of the project, beginning with the original concept and project definition, yields the greatest benefit to owners. As time progresses beyond the pre-design phase,

5170-428: The construction project manager in the office of the general contractor (GC), and at the same time, coordinate the work of the design team and numerous consultants who contribute to a construction project, and manage communication with the client. The issues of budget, scheduling, and quality control are the responsibility of the project manager in an architect's office. Construction managers are primarily involved in

5264-411: The construction site. When water is introduced, mud is created. This mud sticks to the tires of the construction vehicles and is often lead out to the surrounding roads. A street sweeper may clean the roads to reduce dirty road conditions. Project meetings take place at scheduled intervals to discuss the progress on the construction site and any concerns or issues. The discussion and any decisions made at

5358-416: The construction team (known as the design-builder) is responsible for taking the owner's concept and completing a detailed design before (following the owner's approval of the design) proceeding with construction. Virtual design and construction technology may be used by contractors to maintain a tight construction time. There are three main advantages to a design-build contract. First, the construction team

5452-481: The contractor that they have chosen through the bidding process. A notice to proceed is when the owner gives permission to the contractor to begin their work on the project. The first step is to assign the project team which includes the project manager (PM), contract administrator, superintendent , and field engineer. During the pre-construction stage, a site investigation must take place. A site investigation takes place to discover if any steps need to be implemented on

5546-496: The costs, schedule, quality and scope of the project, the design may be modified instead of redesigned; if the owner decides to expand the project, adjustments can be made before pricing. To manage the budget before design is complete and construction crews mobilized, the CM conducts site management and purchases major items to efficiently manage time and cost. An at-risk delivery method is best for large projects—both complete construction and renovation—that are not easy to define, have

5640-488: The courses required of a resident student for the degree of Bachelor of Arts" from 1910 to 1933. By 1918, 23% of junior colleges were awarding Associate in Arts degrees. By 1941–42, 40% of junior colleges awarded some form of associate degree, and by 1960 this had grown to 75%, with 137 different associate degrees in use. Over a third of associate degrees awarded in the US in 1958–59 were granted by Californian junior colleges. Two year associate degrees are found throughout

5734-408: The design-builder, but that may not benefit the owner. During construction, the architect normally acts as the owner's representative. This includes reviewing the builder's work and ensuring that the products and methods meet specifications and codes. The architect's role is compromised when the architect works for the design-builder and not for the owner directly. Thus, the owner may get a building that

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5828-410: The designer and the contractor, due to these two contracts. An owner may also contract with a construction project management company as an adviser, creating a third contract relationship in the project. The construction manager's role is to provide construction advice to the designer, design advice to the constructor on the owner's behalf and other advice as necessary. The construction project manager

5922-445: The domain the project managers are working to efficiently handle all the aspects of the project. The ability to adapt to the various internal procedures of the client and to form close links with the nominated representatives, is essential in ensuring that the key issues of cost, time, quality and above all, client satisfaction, can be realized. Important areas of project management may include: George Roth and Hilary Bradbury identify

6016-430: The expectations of the owner that are included within the contract. When construction vehicles are driving around a site or moving earth, a lot of dust is created, especially during the dryer months. This may cause disruption for surrounding businesses or homes. A popular method of dust control is to have a water truck driving through the site spraying water on the dry dirt to minimize the movement of dust within and out of

6110-416: The following: A bid is given to the owner by construction managers that are willing to complete their construction project. A bid tells the owner how much money they should expect to pay the construction management company in order for them to complete the project. The stages of a typical construction project have been defined as feasibility , design , construction and operation , each stage relating to

6204-405: The formal education, most senior-level PMs are certified, by the Project Management Institute , as Project Management professionals . PMI also has several additional certification options, but PMP is by far the most popular. Infrastructure PMs are responsible for managing projects that have budgets from a few thousand dollars up to many millions of dollars. They must understand the business and

6298-444: The general contractor if the company does all their own construction work. If the contractor does not do their own work, they obtain it through subcontractors. Subcontractors are contractors who specialize in one particular aspect of the construction work such as concrete, welding, glass, or carpentry. Subcontractors are hired the same way a general contractor would be, which is through the bidding process. Purchase orders are also part of

6392-405: The heads of various departments in an organization before the problem escalates to higher authorities, as project representative. Project management is the responsibility of a project manager. This individual seldom participates directly in the activities that produce the result, but rather strives to maintain the progress, mutual interaction and tasks of various parties in such a way that reduces

6486-409: The job site. This is in order to get the site ready before the actual construction begins. This also includes any unforeseen conditions, such as historical artifacts or environment problems. A soil test must be done to determine if the soil is in good condition to be built upon. The procurement stage is when labor, materials and equipment needed to complete the project are purchased. This can be done by

6580-753: The major traits of the continental European system; free public schools are available from kindergarten up to postgraduate degrees, both as a right established in Article 6, caput of the Brazilian Constitution and as a duty of the State in Article 208, Items I, IV, and V, of the Brazilian Constitution. In 2001, Brazil added tecnólogo ('technologist') as a form of undergraduate degree ( graduação ). A technologist's degree varies between two and three years of full time studies to complete. This degree takes

6674-494: The manager must consider not only the technical skills of each team member, but also the critical roles of and chemistry between workers. A project team has mainly three separate components: project manager, core team and contracted team. Most of the project-management issues that influence a project arise from risk , which in turn arises from uncertainty. Successful project managers focus on this as their main concern and attempt to reduce risk significantly, often by adhering to

6768-675: The meeting must be documented. Diaries, logs, and daily field reports keep track of the daily activities on a job site each day. Labor statements are required on a daily basis. Also list of Labor, PERT CPM are needed for labor planning to complete a project in time. Construction Management education comes in a variety of formats: formal degree programs (two-year associate degree ; four-year baccalaureate degree , master's degree , project management , operations management engineer degree , doctor of philosophy degree, postdoctoral researcher ); on-the-job-training; and continuing education and professional development. Information on degree programs

6862-780: The modern sense, having been first awarded 25 years prior to the introduction of associate degrees into the US by the University of Chicago . The ASc was withdrawn in 1904. Durham also introduced an Associate in Theology (ATh) in 1901, which was only offered in 1901 and 1902. Yorkshire College (now the University of Leeds ) offered Associate in Engineering and Associate in Coal Mining degrees from 1877 and there were thirteen different types of associate degrees offered in British universities in 1927. The title of Associate in Arts , introduced by

6956-460: The overall project duration and reduce cost. Construction managers A project manager is a professional in the field of project management . Project managers have the responsibility of the planning , procurement and execution of a project , in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are first point of contact for any issues or discrepancies arising from within

7050-609: The past. See: IEK In the Netherlands, there were four pilots between 2005 and 2011 to assess the added value of the associate degree. In 2007 the associate degree was added to the Dutch system of higher education within the Higher Professional Education ( HBO ) stream taught at universities of applied sciences ( hogeschool ). Associate degree courses form part of HBO bachelor's degree courses, and advising requirements are

7144-408: The procurement stage. The construction stage begins with a pre-construction meeting brought together by the superintendent (on an American project). The pre-construction meeting is meant to make decisions dealing with work hours, material storage, quality control, and site access. The next step is to move everything onto the construction site and set it all up. A contractor progress payment schedule

7238-419: The project goals are to be met. Due to the high operations expense of maintaining a large staff of highly skilled IT engineering talent, many organizations outsource their infrastructure implementations and upgrades to third-party companies. Many of these companies have strong project management organizations with the ability to not only manage their clients projects, but to also generate high quality revenue at

7332-420: The project life cycle. Feasibility and design involves four steps: programming and feasibility, schematic design, design development, and contract documents. It is the responsibility of the design team to ensure that the design meets all building codes and regulations. It is during the design stage that the bidding process takes place. The pre-construction stage begins when the owner gives a notice to proceed to

7426-418: The project manager may vary depending on the industry, the company size, the company maturity, and the company culture . However, there are some responsibilities that are common to all project managers, noting: Architectural project manager are project managers in the field of architecture . They have many of the same skills as their counterpart in the construction industry . And will often work closely with

7520-473: The project manager understands and uses the knowledge and skills from at least four areas of expertise. Examples are PMBOK , Application Area Knowledge: standards and regulations set forth by ISO for project management, General Management Skills and Project Environment Management There are many options for project-management software to assist in executing projects for project managers and any associated teams . If recruiting and building an effective team,

7614-485: The project optimally. Contractors are assigned to a construction project during the design or once the design has been completed by a licensed architect or a licensed civil engineer. This is done by going through a bidding process with different contractors. As dictated by the project delivery method, the contractor is selected by using one of three common selection methods: low-bid selection, best-value selection, or qualifications-based selection. A construction manager

7708-593: The qualification took two or three years, but this was reformed in 2012 to a two-year course. The associate degree is designed as a general academic education qualification, compared to the more vocational Diploma/Higher/Advanced Diploma (Qualifications Frameworks Level 4), and allows articulation onto the third year of a four-year (US-style) bachelor's degree or the second year of a three-year (British-style) bachelor's degree. A survey in 2016 showed that most students believe associate degrees will help them to get onto bachelor's degree courses, but not (by themselves) in gaining

7802-426: The restoration of a client's home/office after a fire, flood, or other disaster, covering the fields from electronics through to the demolition and construction contractors. IT project management generally falls into two categories, namely software (development) project manager and infrastructure project manager. A software project manager has many of the same skills as their counterparts in other industries. Beyond

7896-409: The risk of overall failure, maximizes benefits, and minimizes costs. A project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives. Key project management responsibilities include A project manager is a client representative and has to determine and implement the exact needs of the client, based on knowledge of the organization they are representing. An expertise is required in

7990-501: The same for the two-year associate degree and the related four-year bachelor's degree. Those gaining the associate degree may proceed to an HBO bachelor's degree in only two years, but it does not articulate to bachelor's degrees in the research-oriented ( WO ) stream. A two-year education on BA-level is called Høgskolekandidat , translated "university college graduate". Only a few professions require 120 ECTS , e.g. piano tuner , driving instructor . A 2–2.5 year education on BA-level

8084-836: The same time. Project managers in the field of social science have many of the same skills as their counterparts in the IT industry. For example, project managers for the 2020 United States Census followed program and project management policies, framework, and control processes for all projects established within the program. They managed projects designed as part of the program to produce official statistics , such as projects in systems engineering , questionnaire design , sampling , data collection , and public communications. Project managers of qualitative research studies must also manage scope, schedule, and cost related to research design, participant recruitment, interviewing, reporting, as well as stakeholder engagement. Associate degree An associate degree or associate's degree

8178-422: The scope of CPMS is not limited to construction phases of project. The phrase "design, bid, build" describes the prevailing model of construction management, in which the general contractor is engaged through a tender process after designs have been completed by the architect or engineer. Many owners – particularly government agencies – let out contracts known as design-build contracts . In this type of contract,

8272-410: The skills normally associated with traditional project management in industries such as construction and manufacturing, a software project manager will typically have an extensive background in software development . Many software project managers hold a degree in computer science , information technology , management of information systems or another related field. In traditional project management

8366-550: The systems that are currently available that help capital project owner /operators, program managers, and construction managers, control and manage the vast amount of information that capital construction projects create. A collection, or portfolio of projects only makes this a bigger challenge. These systems go by different names: capital project management software, computer construction software, construction management software, project management information systems. Usually construction management can be referred as subset of CPMS where

8460-423: The third year of a bachelor's degree. Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries. In Argentina, tertiary colleges ("institutos terciarios") offer associate degrees in a variety of areas, including elementary and high school teacher, and technical fields, upon completion of three or four years of study. Some of these degrees may be articulated with university programs, to obtain

8554-530: The title being conferred on those students who passed any two (as long as the two were not drawing and music). British equivalents to associate degrees vary depending on the national system which issued them. Based on assessment by the UK NARIC , American and Canadian associate degrees are considered equivalent to one year higher education courses such as the Higher National Certificate at level 4 of

8648-627: Was established in 1891 with four groups of colleges – liberal arts, literature, science, and practical arts (later commerce and administration). These were subdivided into 'junior' (or 'academic') and 'senior' (or 'university') colleges. Bachelor's degrees were awarded by the senior colleges, and certificates were initially awarded by the junior colleges. In 1899 the board of trustees voted to replace these certificates with associate degrees (Associate in Arts, Associate in Literature, and Associate in Science), which were first awarded in 1900. Eells concludes that it

8742-539: Was given to courses more academically focused than advanced diploma courses, and typically designed to articulate to bachelor's degree courses. Qualifications on the short cycle of the Bologna Process /level 5 on the European Qualifications Framework sit between secondary education and bachelor's degree level and are thus approximately equivalent to an associate degree. Such qualifications include

8836-419: Was signed into legislation on September 29, 2010, which is legislation that grants any California Community College student who has earned the Associate in Arts degree for Transfer (AA-T) or the Associate in Science degree for Transfer (AS-T) priority admission to CSU ( California State University ) into a similar baccalaureate (BA) degree program with a guarantee of junior standing. The University of Chicago

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