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46-840: The Connecticut Southern Railroad ( reporting mark CSO ) is a 90-mile (140 km) long short-line railroad operating in Connecticut and Massachusetts . The company was formed in 1996 as a spinoff of Conrail by shortline holding company RailTex and subsequently acquired in 2000 by RailAmerica . Since 2012, it has been a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming . CSO is headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut , site of its Hartford Yard . The company also operates East Hartford Yard . Connecticut Southern connects with CSX Transportation at yards in West Springfield, Massachusetts and North Haven, Connecticut ( Cedar Hill Yard ). It also connects with

92-674: A 2-digit code indicating the vehicle's register country . The registered keeper of a vehicle is now indicated by a separate Vehicle Keeper Marking (VKM), usually the name of the owning company or an abbreviation thereof, which must be registered with the Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF) and the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) and which is unique throughout Europe and parts of Asia and Northern Africa. The VKM must be between two and five letters in length and can use any of

138-451: A bankruptcy in 1899. At that time, the railroad was operating as a 14.5-mile long (23.3 km) single-track line serving a single customer, a salt mine owned by Fuller in Retsof, New York . It was still operating the same line for the salt mine when Mortimer B. Fuller III, great-grandson of Edward L. Fuller, purchased the railroad in 1977. The holding company, Genesee & Wyoming Railroad Inc.,

184-461: A hyphen. Some examples: When a vehicle is sold it will not normally be transferred to another register. The Czech railways bought large numbers of coaches from ÖBB. The number remained the same but the VKM changed from A-ÖBB to A-ČD. The UIC introduced a uniform numbering system for their members based on a 12-digit number, largely known as UIC number . The third and fourth digit of the number indicated

230-685: A predecessor of the CNW, from which the UP inherited it. Similarly, during the breakup of Conrail , the long-retired marks of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) and New York Central Railroad (NYC) were temporarily brought back and applied to much of Conrail's fleet to signify which cars and locomotives were to go to CSX (all cars labeled NYC) and which to Norfolk Southern (all cars labeled PRR). Some of these cars still retain their temporary NYC marks. Because of its size, this list has been split into subpages based on

276-459: Is now out of service and overgrown, leaving only the spur to the airport and the portion of the secondary leading to the second spur in operation. Rail service to Suffield had ended by July 2009, and Connecticut Southern filed for abandonment of the 2.4 miles (3.9 km) of track leading to the town in 2012. CSO announced they would remove the railroad ties and steel tracks for salvage in their abandonment filing. The town of Suffield attempted to stop

322-512: Is strictly a passenger railroad, Connecticut Southern provides freight service over the entirety of the line, on which it has trackage rights. On this line, Connecticut Southern interchanges with CSX at Cedar Hill Yard in North Haven and at another yard in West Springfield , with Pan Am Southern in Berlin , and with both fellow Genesee and Wyoming subsidiary Providence and Worcester Railroad and

368-572: Is the export of trash and recycling from Connecticut. The company's base of operations is at Hartford Yard . As of 2022, the Connecticut Southern hauls approximately 18,500 carloads per year. As of 2018, CSO does not serve any customers within Massachusetts. Connecticut Southern's main line is Amtrak 's New Haven–Springfield Line , necessitating freight operations mostly at night with Amtrak-compliant cab-signal and PTC lead units. As Amtrak

414-554: The Asia Pacific Transport Consortium , and the operational rolling stock of FreightLink . This 1,400 miles (2,300 km) rail line was the longest the company has leased. On August 2, 2011, Genesee & Wyoming announced that it planned to purchase the Arizona Eastern Railway from Iowa Pacific Holdings for US$ 90.1 million, with the deal expected to be completed by the end of the year. The deal

460-692: The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission , G&W's 51% shareholding in Genesee & Wyoming Australia was sold separately to PGMM and the business renamed to One Rail Australia . Genesee & Wyoming Inc. owns controlling interests in 122 freight railroads, either directly or through subsidiaries, which are organized into local operating regions. These subsidiaries include Rail Link, Inc. (1996), Genesee & Wyoming Canada, Inc. (1997), Emons Railroad Group (2002), CAGY Industries (2008), and Summit View, Inc. (2008). In 2005, G&W acquired

506-529: The Carolina Coastal Railway , operated by G&W subsidiary Rail Link, Inc., was sold to Main Line Rail Management, Inc. On May 26, 2005, G&W announced that it has agreed to purchase the railroad operations of Rail Management Corporation (RMC). G&W paid US$ 243 million in cash and assume $ 1.7 million in company debt to gain control of 14 short line railroads from RMC across

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552-686: The Central New England Railroad in Hartford. This line is a spur between Windsor Locks and Suffield, with a second spur that reaches Bradley International Airport . It was originally built in 1870 by the Windsor Locks and Suffield Railroad , which contracted operations to the Hartford and New Haven Railroad before the latter purchased it in 1871. The line was used by trolleys from the early 1900s until 1925, and then fully dedicated to freight services until 2008. The trackage leading to Suffield

598-583: The Class III Genesee and Wyoming Railroad , founded in 1899. As of 2011, it operates more than 13,000 miles (21,000 km) of owned and leased track. As of 2021, G&W owns or leases 116 freight railroads organized in locally managed operating regions with 7,300 employees serving 3,000 customers. G&W's four North American regions serve 42 U.S. states and four Canadian provinces and include 113 short line and regional freight railroads with more than 13,000 track-miles. Its UK/Europe region includes

644-529: The Freightliner Group , as well as regional rail services in continental Europe. G&W subsidiaries and joint ventures also provide rail service at more than 30 major ports, rail-ferry service between the U.S. Southeast and Mexico, transload services, and industrial railcar switching and repair. The Genesee and Wyoming Railroad was the flagship predecessor to the G&;W; Edward L. Fuller purchased it out of

690-667: The Heart of Georgia Railroad , subject to regulatory approval. In May 2017, Genesee & Wyoming completed the purchase of Pentalver Transport Limited, a British container transport and terminal operator. In July 2019, affiliates of Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and GIC announced they had agreed terms to purchase Genesee & Wyoming for $ 8.4 billion. The deal was closed in December 2019. Because Brookfield already has other rail assets in Australia that would likely lead to objections from

736-695: The Providence and Worcester Railroad and Central New England Railroad in Hartford, and Pan Am Southern in Berlin . The company's main line is Amtrak 's New Haven–Springfield Line , which CSO has trackage rights over; branches are also operated to Suffield , Windsor Locks , Manchester , and South Windsor . Much of the railroad's traffic comes from imports to Connecticut, such as lumber , steel , and carbon dioxide . The railroad also hauls exports of trash and recycling. As of 2022, CSO carries approximately 18,500 carloads annually. The Connecticut Southern Railroad began operations on September 22, 1996, following

782-635: The South Australian freight operations of Australian National and rebranded the operation Australian Southern Railroad . In October 2000 Australian Railroad Group , a 50/50 joint venture between Genesee & Wyoming and Wesfarmers , were the successful bidder for the Westrail freight business in Western Australia . As part of the joint venture agreement, ownership of Australian Southern Railroad passed to Australian Railroad Group. In July 2003,

828-504: The 26 letters of the Latin alphabet . Diacritical marks may also be used, but they are ignored in data processing (for example, Ö is treated as though it is O ). The VKM is preceded by the code for the country (according to the alphabetical coding system described in Appendix 4 to the 1949 convention and Article 45(4) of the 1968 convention on road traffic), where the vehicle is registered and

874-624: The Connecticut Department of Transportation filed a $ 7,775,000 TIGER grant application which included bridge work and track improvements for the entirety of the Connecticut Southern's trackage. In 2012, the railroad opened a new $ 1.4 million headquarters in Hartford, moving from a previously rented space in East Hartford. The project included a 10,500 square foot indoor facility for repairing locomotives and railcars, as well as 3,500 square feet of office space. Genesee & Wyoming acquired

920-482: The Connecticut Southern was able to acquire locomotives of its own. Conrail served as a partner of Connecticut Southern, supporting the company in working with customers, and in turn benefiting from increased customer satisfaction and carloads produced by the new shortline railroad . In 1998, the company was reported to still use a caboose on trains. To access the yard in West Springfield, CSO trains need to enter

966-640: The Market Spur, connects to the Hartford Regional Market. The connection with the P&;W was placed out of service in 2008, and restored to active use in 2019. This line travels between East Hartford , where it diverges from the Highland Division, and East Windsor Hill, where the track beyond is operated by the Central New England Railroad . Connecticut Southern operates this line between Hartford and

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1012-590: The Metrolink system—even though it is operated by Amtrak. This is why the reporting mark for CSX Transportation , which is an operating railroad, is CSXT instead of CSX. Private (non-common carrier) freight car owners in Mexico were issued, up until around 1990, reporting marks ending in two X's, possibly to signify that their cars followed different regulations (such as bans on friction bearing trucks) than their American counterparts and so their viability for interchange service

1058-764: The New Haven–Springfield Line, but CSO's freight service was also taken into account during the project. Despite shifting freight operations to nocturnal hours, conflicts with Amtrak's maintenance of way operations have had a negative impact on freight traffic by causing delays. As of December 2019, the Connecticut Southern Railroad owns or operates on 90 miles (140 km) of trackage in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Major commodities transported include lumber, steel, and carbon dioxide, which are mostly imported from elsewhere. Another source of traffic

1104-657: The VKM BLS. Example for an "Einheitswagen" delivered in 1957: In the United Kingdom, prior to nationalisation, wagons owned by the major railways were marked with codes of two to four letters, these codes normally being the initials of the railway concerned; for example, wagons of the Great Western Railway were marked "G W"; those of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway were marked "L M S", etc. The codes were agreed between

1150-582: The abandonment and salvage of the tracks to preserve them for potential future use. Bradley Airport is a CSO customer, as is Camp Hartell , an Army National Guard facility in Windsor Locks. This line connects Hartford and Middletown. Connecticut Southern owns and operates the northernmost 3 miles (4.8 km) of the line; the remainder is owned by the state of Connecticut and operated by the Providence and Worcester Railroad. A short spur on this line, known as

1196-531: The acquiring company discontinues the name or mark of the acquired company, the discontinued mark is referred to as a "fallen flag" railway. Occasionally, long-disused marks are suddenly revived by the companies which now own them. For example, in recent years, the Union Pacific Railroad has begun to use the mark CMO on newly built covered hoppers, gondolas and five-bay coal hoppers. CMO originally belonged to Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ,

1242-695: The end of track in Manchester , beyond which the right of way has been converted into the Hop River State Park Trail . This line formerly extended to Willimantic . CSO filed for abandonment of the final mile of this line in November 2021; the right-of-way was then purchased by the Connecticut Department of Transportation to allow removal of a grade crossing as part of an intersection improvement project. Reporting mark In North America ,

1288-448: The first letter of the reporting mark: A railway vehicle must be registered in the relevant state's National Vehicle Register (NVR), as part of which process it will be assigned a 12-digit European Vehicle Number (EVN). The EVN schema is essentially the same as that used by the earlier UIC numbering systems for tractive vehicles and wagons , except that it replaces the 2-digit vehicle owner's code (see § Europe 1964 to 2005 ) with

1334-519: The home country may also be included. The Association of American Railroads (AAR) assigns marks to all carriers, under authority granted by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board , Transport Canada , and Mexican Government. Railinc , a subsidiary of the AAR, maintains the active reporting marks for the North American rail industry. Under current practice, the first letter must match the initial letter of

1380-415: The mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers. In multinational registries, a code indicating

1426-557: The owner of a reporting mark is taken over by another company, the old mark becomes the property of the new company. For example, when the Union Pacific Railroad (mark UP) acquired the Chicago and North Western Railway (mark CNW) in 1995, it retained the CNW mark rather than immediately repaint all acquired equipment. Some companies own several marks that are used to identify different classes of cars, such as boxcars or gondolas. If

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1472-405: The owner, or more precisely the keeper of the vehicle. Thus each UIC member got a two-digit owner code . With the introduction of national vehicle registers this code became a country code. Some vehicles had to be renumbered as a consequence. The Swiss company BLS Lötschbergbahn had the owner code 63. When their vehicles were registered, they got numbers with the country code 85 for Switzerland and

1518-742: The purchase of several Conrail routes in Connecticut and Massachusetts by RailTex , the CSO's initial parent. CSO purchased or leased trackage in East Hartford , Manchester , and East Windsor , along with a pair of branch lines to Suffield and Windsor Locks . To connect with Conrail trains, the Connecticut Southern paid for trackage rights over both the New Haven–Springfield Line , owned and operated by Amtrak , and portions of Conrail's remaining trackage in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Operations started with locomotives leased from Conrail, until

1564-454: The railroad as part of its acquisition of RailAmerica in 2012. Genesee & Wyoming subsequently purchased the Providence and Worcester Railroad in November 2016, which connects with the Connecticut Southern, bringing both railroads under the same parent company. The State of Connecticut began Hartford Line commuter rail service in June 2018. This significantly expanded passenger train service on

1610-518: The railroad name. As it also acts as a Standard Carrier Alpha Code , the reporting mark cannot conflict with codes in use by other nonrail carriers. Marks ending with the letter "X" are assigned to companies or individuals who own railcars, but are not operating railroads; for example, the TTX Company (formerly Trailer Train Company) is named for its original reporting mark of TTX. In another example,

1656-505: The railways and registered with the Ministry of Railways , Government of India . Genesee %26 Wyoming Genesee & Wyoming Inc. ( G&W ) is an American short line railroad holding company , that owns or maintains an interest in 122 railroads in the United States, Canada, Belgium, Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom; and formerly in Australia. The company grew from

1702-727: The railways and registered with the Railway Clearing House . In India, wagons owned by the Indian Railways are marked with codes of two to four letters, these codes normally being the initials of the railway divisions concerned along with the Hindi abbreviation; for example, trains of the Western Railway zone are marked "WR" and "प रे"; those of the Central Railway zone are marked "CR" and "मध्य", etc. The codes are agreed between

1748-624: The reporting mark for state-funded Amtrak services in California is CDTX (whereas the usual Amtrak mark is AMTK) because the state transportation agency ( Caltrans ) owns the equipment used in these services. This may also apply to commuter rail, for example Metrolink in Southern California uses the reporting mark SCAX because the equipment is owned by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority —which owns

1794-625: The shares of Freightliner Group . On August 15, 2016, Genesee & Wyoming announced that intended to acquire the Providence & Worcester Railroad , which operates in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York, for $ 126 million. The deal was approved by Providence & Worcester shareholders in October, and the Surface Transportation Board approved the acquisition in December. On February 7, 2017, Genesee & Wyoming announced that it had reached an agreement to purchase

1840-641: The southeastern United States, as of June 1, 2005. As of the close of 2005, Genesee & Wyoming had 2,330 employees in North America. That year, Hurricane Stan wiped out several miles of Genesee & Wyoming track in Mexico. In 2006, the Mexican government agreed to pay 75 percent of the rebuilding costs, or $ 15 million, to reconstruct the track. In June 2006 the Australian Railroad Group joint venture

1886-628: The value of its Bolivian operation, on fears that the Bolivian government would soon nationalize privately held railroads there. Genesee & Wyoming remains an investor in Empresa Ferroviaria Oriental , S.A. In June 2010 Genesee & Wyoming, through a subsidiary holding company, paid A$ 334 million to acquire the operational rights to and the leasehold of the Tarcoola to Darwin Railway from

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1932-499: The yard with a reverse move. For safety, a caboose was used to allow a crew member to watch the rear of the train during the reverse movement. Conrail's New England assets were absorbed by CSX Transportation in 1999, which became CSO's new connection in West Springfield and New Haven. Connecticut Southern was subsequently acquired by RailAmerica in 2000. Before the Great Recession , CSO peaked at 26,000 carloads per year. In 2009,

1978-609: Was broken up with the Western Australian above rail operation sold to QR National and the below rail infrastructure to Babcock & Brown in a US$ 974 million ( A$ 1.55 billion) deal. At the same time Wesfarmers sold its 50% share in the South Australian operation back to Genesee & Wyoming Inc for $ 15 million (A$ 22 million). The operation was rebranded Genesee & Wyoming Australia . Also in 2006, Genesee & Wyoming elected to write off most of

2024-415: Was closed on 1 September 2011. On July 23, 2012, Genesee & Wyoming agreed to purchase RailAmerica (RA), the short-line railroad holding company controlled by Fortress Investment Group (FIG), for $ 1.39 billion to combine North America's two largest short-line and regional rail operators. On February 24, 2015, Genesee & Wyoming announced that it has agreed to acquire approximately 95% of

2070-564: Was impaired. This often resulted in five-letter reporting marks, an option not otherwise allowed by the AAR. Companies owning trailers used in trailer-on-flatcar service are assigned marks ending with the letter "Z", and the National Motor Freight Traffic Association , which maintains the list of Standard Carrier Alpha Codes, assigns marks ending in "U" to owners of intermodal containers . The standard ISO 6346 covers identifiers for intermodal containers. When

2116-510: Was organized during the same year, and the railroad became its subsidiary. With deregulation of the rail industry by the Staggers Rail Act of 1980, railroads began disposing of unprofitable routes. Genesee & Wyoming acquired several of these short line railroads, scattered across the United States, from 1985 to 1996. Its acquisitions began including railroads in other countries in 1997. In November 1997 Genesee & Wyoming purchased

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