122-836: Marvin Compper (born 14 June 1985) is a German football manager and a former player who played as a centre back . He won one cap for the Germany national team . During the 2002–03 season, Compper moved from the youth team of the VfB Stuttgart to the amateur team of Borussia Mönchengladbach . Shortly after joining the club, he was assigned to the U19 side and eventually to the Borussia Mönchengladbach II side. In July 2005, he signed his first professional contract which ran until 2008. Shortly after signing his first professional contract, Compper
244-601: A stele of c. 375–400 BCE in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship trophy. Athenaeus , writing in 228 CE, mentions the Roman ball game harpastum . Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football , wrestling , and volleyball more than what
366-413: A 1–1 draw against 1. FSV Mainz 05 on 9 December 2006. On 30 January 2007, he returned to the first team from suspension, in a 0–0 draw against 1. FC Nürnberg , in what turned out to be Heynckes' last game as Manager. Following Heynckes' resignation, Compper was given more first team opportunities under new manager Jos Luhukay . He finished the season with 23 league appearances, but the club was relegated at
488-462: A 3–2 win over 1. FC Nürnberg. Following his return, Compper regained his first team place despite facing new competitions this season. He was given a handful of first team appearances until he suffered a muscle injury that kept him out for two weeks in December 2015. Compper scored on his return from injury two months later on 7 February 2016, in a 2–0 win over Eintracht Braunschweig . Compper later helped
610-488: A French XI team in 1920, and also made up most of the England team against a Scottish Ladies XI in the same year, winning 22–0. Despite being more popular than some men's football events, with one match seeing a 53,000 strong crowd in 1920, women's football in England suffered a blow in 1921 when The Football Association outlawed the playing of the game on association members' pitches, stating that "the game of football
732-442: A caution ( yellow card ) or dismissal ( red card ). A second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in their official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while
854-564: A competitive game, and involved the kicking of a mari , a ball made of animal skin. In North America, pasuckuakohowog was a ball game played by the Algonquians ; it was described as "almost identical to the kind of folk football being played in Europe at the same time, in which the ball was kicked through goals". Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on
976-497: A deadlock; some competitions may invoke replays . A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shoot-outs (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of
1098-400: A goal has been scored or not; this was brought in to prevent controversy. Video assistant referees (VAR) have also been increasingly introduced in high-level matches to assist officials through video replays to correct clear and obvious mistakes. There are four types of calls that can be reviewed: mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card, goals and whether there was a violation during
1220-523: A gymnastics club. The Turnverein zu Bochum was then formally established on 18 February 1849. In December 1851, however, the club was forcibly dissolved and banned by the Prussian provincial administration then reestablished on 19 June 1860 as the bochum gymnastics club. The club was reorganized in May 1904 as Turnverein zu Bochum, gegründet 1848 and formed a football department on 31 January 1911. On 1 April 1919,
1342-628: A latex bladder for pressurisation, but modern balls at all levels of the game are now synthetic. As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB , the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units . The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with
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#17329448317771464-519: A meeting attended by representatives from Eton , Harrow , Rugby , Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club , formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to
1586-426: A penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs , goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks. A standard adult football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee
1708-416: A relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain. The length of the pitch, or field, for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) in length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided
1830-575: A repeat appearance in the DFB-Pokal final in 1988 , losing 0–1 to Eintracht Frankfurt . Relegated after a 16th-place finish in the 1992–93 season , the team has become a classic " yo-yo club ", bouncing up and down between the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga . The club finished in 5th place in the Bundesliga in 1996–97 and 2003–04 , which earned them appearances in the UEFA Cup . In 1997 , they advanced to
1952-486: A result, he was demoted to the U23 side. In addition to being dropped, Compper was in a contract negotiations. By the time of his departure, Compper made 16 appearances in the 2012–13 season. In January 2013, Compper signed for Serie A side Fiorentina , signing a three–year contract for an undisclosed fee. He later revealed that the contract length was actually two years. After starting several matches as an unused substitute on
2074-505: A separate side again after the war. Although they fielded competitive sides, they had the misfortune of playing in the same division as Schalke 04 , which was the dominant team of the era. VfL's best result was therefore a distant second place in 1938–39. Following World War II, the football section resumed play as the independent VfL Bochum 1848 and played its first season in the second division 2. Oberliga West in 1949, while Preußen Bochum went on to lower tier amateur level play. VfL won
2196-543: A set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference . The two teams compete to score goals by getting the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts, under the bar, and fully across the goal line). When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may also use any other part of their body, such as their head, chest and thighs, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass
2318-509: A shame we could not finish the year successfully." On 26 October 2021, Compper was hired by Russian Premier League club FC Lokomotiv Moscow as an assistant coach. On 1 March 2022, Lokomotiv manager Markus Gisdol resigned due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Compper was appointed caretaker manager. Dmitri Loskov and then Oleg Pashinin were officially registered with the league as Lokomotiv's caretaker managers as Compper did not possess
2440-567: A similar ancient game ( cuju , or tsu chu ) was played by women during the Han dynasty (25–220 CE), as female figures are depicted in frescoes of the period playing tsu chu . There are also reports of annual football matches played by women in Midlothian , Scotland, during the 1790s. Association football, the modern game, has documented early involvement of women. In 1863, football governing bodies introduced standardised rules to prohibit violence on
2562-486: A substitute in the first two matches, he played his first match of the tournament, where he came on as a second–half substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Argentina U20 on 18 June 2005. Compper started for the first time in the tournament, as Germany U20 lost 2–1 to Brazil after the game went to extra time, eliminating the side from the competitions. He went on to make eleven appearances for the U20 side. On 13 November 2008, Compper
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#17329448317772684-554: A truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké , an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras . The sport also exacerbated tensions at
2806-544: A two match ban. Despite being on the sidelines later in the 2014–15 season, Compper finished his first season, making a total of 27 appearances in all competitions. However, at the start of the 2015–16 season, Compper suffered a knee injury that kept him out of the first team for months. After returning to training from injury in September, he was assigned to the reserve side in order to regain his fitness. On 4 October 2015, he made his first appearance since returning from injury in
2928-432: A variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws. The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards . An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear
3050-451: A £1 million bid accepted from RB Leipzig for Compper. Compper agreed a move to Scottish Premiership club Celtic in December 2017, with the deal to take effect on 1 January 2018. He never made a league appearance for the Scottish giants in one and half years. On 2 July 2019, he signed for MSV Duisburg . On 1 August 2020, he announced his retirement and moved to the coaching staff. Compper
3172-512: Is a German professional association football club based in the city of Bochum , North Rhine-Westphalia . They currently play in the Bundesliga , top-flight of German club football. VfL Bochum is one of the oldest sports organizations in the world, claiming an origin date of 26 July 1848 when an article in the Märkischer Sprecher – a local newspaper – called for the creation of
3294-410: Is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by
3416-438: Is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials. A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during
3538-405: Is positioned on each goal line, midway between the two touchlines. The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 7.32 m (24 ft) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 2.44 m (8 ft) above the ground. Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the Laws. In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area
3660-751: Is quite unsuitable for females and should not be encouraged." Players and football writers have argued that this ban was, in fact, due to envy of the large crowds that women's matches attracted, and because the FA had no control over the money made from the women's game. The FA ban led to the formation of the short-lived English Ladies Football Association and play moved to rugby grounds. Women's football also faced bans in several other countries , notably in Brazil from 1941 to 1979, in France from 1941 to 1970, and in Germany from 1955 to 1970. Restrictions began to be reduced in
3782-506: Is recognisable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football , the antecedent of all modern football codes , these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking it. Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world, FIFA has described that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The history of football in England dates back to at least
Marvin Compper - Misplaced Pages Continue
3904-625: Is the dominant region in women's football, with the United States winning the most FIFA Women's World Cups and Olympic tournaments. Europe and Asia come second and third in terms of international success, and the women's game has been improving in South America. Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The game is played using a spherical ball of 68–70 cm (27–28 in) circumference, known as
4026-451: Is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called "additional time" in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time , while lost time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of
4148-435: Is thought to have been borrowed from the slang of Rugby School . Initially spelt assoccer (a shortening of "association"), it was later reduced to the modern spelling. This form of slang also gave rise to rugger for rugby football, fiver and tenner for five pound and ten pound notes , and the now-archaic footer that was also a name for association football. The word soccer arrived at its current form in 1895 and
4270-404: Is to score goals; defenders , who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders , who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which
4392-421: The football (or soccer ball ). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by
4514-515: The Caribbean and Oceania regions (except Australia ) have yet to make a mark in international football. When it comes to men's national teams, Europeans and South Americans continue to dominate the FIFA World Cup, as no team from any other region has managed to even reach the final. These regional trends do not hold true for the women's game, as the United States women's national team has won
4636-498: The UEFA Champions League next season. Despite being sidelined on three occasions later in the 2016–17 season, he went on to make a total of 26 appearances and scoring twice in all competitions. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Compper signed a contract extension until 2019. Ahead of the 2017–18 season, Compper suffered a calf injury during the club's pre–season tour. Despite returning to training from injury, just in time for
4758-489: The reserve team in August 2006. On 14 October 2006, he made his first appearance (as well as his first start), in a 3–1 win over Wolfsburg . Because of the injuries of both Filip Daems and the national defender Marcell Jansen , he became a regular player in the autumn of 2006 in the Bundesliga . He had a handful of first team appearances until he was dropped from the first team after criticising Manager Jupp Heynckes following
4880-620: The 1960s and 1970s. The Italian women's football league was established in 1968. In December 1969, the Women's Football Association was formed in England, with the sport eventually becoming the most prominent team sport for women in the United Kingdom. Two unofficial women's World Cups were organised by the FIEFF in 1970 and in 1971 . Also in 1971, UEFA members voted to officially recognise women's football, while The Football Association rescinded
5002-401: The 2011–12 season, Compper was linked with a move away from TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, with La Liga side Sevilla among interested. Despite this, he stayed at the club and started the season, continuing to play in the centre–back position under the new management of Holger Stanislawski . In a 0–0 draw against Bayern Munich on 1 October 2011, Compper's performance was praised by Stanislawski and he
Marvin Compper - Misplaced Pages Continue
5124-570: The FIFA Women's World Cup four times, more than any other women's team. Football is played at a professional level all over the world. Millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow their favourite teams, while billions more watch the game on television or on the internet. A very large number of people also play football at an amateur level. According to a survey conducted by FIFA published in 2001, over 240 million people from more than 200 countries regularly play football. Football has
5246-861: The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association , the Football Association of Wales , and the Irish Football Association . FIFA , the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to the Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the IFAB in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of
5368-464: The Game while the ball is in play. The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law 12. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of "penal fouls", punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick . The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by
5490-470: The IFAB Laws. Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes ), one of whom must be the goalkeeper . Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are
5612-430: The Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees . In many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise. Goal line technology is used to measure if the whole ball has crossed the goal-line thereby determining whether
5734-650: The Laws of the Game. The most prestigious senior international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup . The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games . The two most prestigious competitions in club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League , which attract an extensive television audience worldwide. The final of
5856-475: The Laws of the Game: to represent their team in the coin toss before kick-off or penalty kicks . The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they must use both their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with
5978-464: The Regionalliga West (II), from which they began a steady climb up the league table to the Bundesliga in 1971. During this rise, Bochum also played its way to the final of the 1967–68 DFB-Pokal , where they lost 1–4 to 1. FC Köln . In spite of being a perennial lower table side, Bochum developed a reputation for tenaciousness on the field in a run of 20 seasons in the top flight. The club made
6100-530: The United States. A notable exception is New Zealand, where in the first two decades of the 21st century, under the influence of international television, "football" has been gaining prevalence, despite the dominance of other codes of football, namely rugby union and rugby league . The term soccer comes from Oxford "-er" slang, which was prevalent at the University of Oxford in England from about 1875, and
6222-408: The ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport. The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game ,
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#17329448317776344-449: The ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and that only within the penalty area . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. There are situations where a goal can be disallowed, such as an offside call or a foul in the build-up to the goal. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared with 1 point awarded to each team, or
6466-456: The ban that prohibited women from playing on association members' pitches in England. Women's football still faces many struggles, but its worldwide growth has seen major competitions being launched at both the national and international levels, mirroring the men's competitions. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991: the first tournament was held in China, featuring 12 teams from
6588-410: The beginning of each playing period with a kick-off until the end of the playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play, or play is stopped by the referee. When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one of eight restart methods depending on how it went out of play: A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in the Laws of
6710-479: The beginning of the Croatian War of Independence of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990. Women's association football has historically seen opposition, with national associations severely curbing its development and several outlawing it completely. Women may have been playing football for as long as the game has existed. Evidence shows that
6832-422: The bench, Compper made his Fiorentina debut, starting the whole game in the centre–back, in a 2–2 draw against ChievoVerona on 3 March 2013. He then had a number of first team appearances towards the end of the season. At the end of the 2012–13 season, Compper had made a total of seven appearances for the side. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Compper appeared in the first two matches of the season. However, he
6954-404: The buildup, direct red card decisions, and penalty decisions. The ball is spherical with a circumference of between 68 and 70 cm (27 and 28 in), a weight in the range of 410 to 450 g (14 to 16 oz), and a pressure between 0.6 and 1.1 standard atmospheres (8.5 and 15.6 pounds per square inch ) at sea level. In the past the ball was made up of leather panels sewn together, with
7076-401: The centre–back position. He scored his first goal of the season on 12 September 2009 in a 3–0 win over VfL Bochum . His performance resulted in him signing a contract extension that would him until 2013. Despite being on the sidelines on two occasions in the 2009–10 season, he went on to make a total of 35 appearances and scoring twice in all competitions. In the 2010–11 season, Compper started
7198-732: The champions of these two club competitions would contest the Intercontinental Cup to prove which team was the best in the world. In the 21st century, South America has continued to produce some of the best footballers in the world, but its clubs have fallen behind the still dominant European clubs, which often sign the best players from Latin America and elsewhere. Meanwhile, football has improved in Africa , Asia and North America , and nowadays, these regions are at least on equal grounds with South America in club football, although countries in
7320-421: The club get promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time after beating Karlsruher SC 2–0 on 8 May 2016. At the end of the 2015–16 season, he had made a total of 23 appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Despite struggling to regain his fitness ahead of the 2016–17 season, Compper managed to regain his first team place in central defence at the start of the season. He appeared in every match for
7442-661: The club merged with Spiel und Sport 08 Bochum to form Turn- und Sportverein Bochum 1848 . On 1 February 1924, the two clubs from the earlier merger split into the Bochumer Turnverein 1848 (gymnastics department) and Turn- und Sportverein Bochum 1908 ( football , track and field , handball , hockey and tennis departments). The Nazi regime forced Bochumer Turnverein 1848 to merge with Turn- und Sport Bochum 1908 and Sportverein Germania Vorwärts Bochum 1906 into
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#17329448317777564-425: The course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is five in 90 minutes, with each team being allowed one more if the game should go into extra-time; the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches . Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at
7686-538: The current-day club VfL Bochum on 14 April 1938. After the merger, VfL Bochum continued to compete in the top flight as part of the Gauliga Westfalen . As World War II progressed, play throughout Germany became increasingly difficult due to player shortages, travel problems and damage to football fields from Allied bombing raids. VfL became part of the wartime side Kriegsspielgemeinschaft VfL 1848/Preußen Bochum alongside Preußen 07 Bochum, before re-emerging as
7808-458: The division title in 1953 to advance to the Oberliga West for a single season. They repeated their divisional win in 1956 and returned to the top-flight until again being relegated after the 1960–61 season. With the formation of the Bundesliga , Germany's new professional league, in 1963 VfL found itself in the third tier Amateurliga Westfalen. A first-place result there in 1965 raised them to
7930-453: The eighth century. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The Cambridge rules , first drawn up at the University of Cambridge in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge , at
8052-420: The end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team". Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations. A game is officiated by a referee , who has "full authority to enforce
8174-607: The end of the season, finishing last in the Bundesliga table. In the first half of the 2007–08 season, Compper played only three games for Borussia Mönchengladbach . Although he did not play regularly at Borussia Mönchengladbach, Compper reflected on his time at the club: "This is the best for my personal development. At Borussia, nobody gave me the feeling that I was needed." Due to a lack of first-team action, Compper joined TSG 1899 Hoffenheim in January 2008. Compper made his TSG 1899 Hoffenheim debut on 1 February 2008, where he started
8296-402: The first Bundesliga match, in a 3–0 win over Energie Cottbus . He continued to remain his first team, playing in the centre–back position. On 27 September 2008, he scored his first goal in a 5–4 loss against Werder Bremen . He helped the side with wins that led to them being at the top of the table until January. However, the club's form soon suffered that ended up losing their spot at the top of
8418-407: The first team, where he played in mostly at centre–back. He was also in the squad that won promotion to the Bundesliga after beating Greuther Fürth 5–0 in the last game of the season. At the end of the 2007–08 season that saw TSG 1899 Hoffenheim promoted to the Bundesliga, Compper had made a total of 19 appearances in all competitions. Compper started the 2008–09 season when he helped the club win
8540-561: The football department accounting for over 2,200 of these. Other sections now part of the association include athletics , badminton , basketball, dance, fencing , gymnastics, handball , field hockey , swimming, table tennis , tennis, and volleyball. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Ruhrstadion (also known as
8662-420: The forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though players may not pass to teammates who are in an offside position. During gameplay, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling , passing the ball to a teammate, and by taking shots at
8784-514: The formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules. These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street , London. The only school to be represented on this occasion
8906-517: The four British associations. For most of the 20th century, Europe and South America were the dominant regions in association football. The FIFA World Cup , inaugurated in 1930 , became the main stage for players of both continents to show their worth and the strength of their national teams. In the second half of the century, the European Cup and the Copa Libertadores were created, and
9028-562: The game goes into extra time or a penalty shoot-out . Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA . Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC , CAF , CONCACAF , CONMEBOL , OFC , and UEFA . Of these confederations, CONMEBOL is the oldest one, being founded in 1916. National associations (e.g. The FA in England) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with
9150-695: The game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation . Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager . There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulations and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football for both sexes, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on
9272-425: The goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of
9394-404: The highest global television audience in sport. In many parts of the world, football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans , local communities, and even nations. Ryszard Kapuściński says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Ivory Coast national football team helped secure
9516-654: The instigation of Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league , which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor . The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England . Laws of the Game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of
9638-745: The lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s, with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games. The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup , which was founded by the footballer and cricketer Charles W. Alcock , and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow , again at
9760-407: The league started, Compper, however, found himself on the substitute bench, as he was fallen behind Willi Orban , Dayot Upamecano , Ibrahima Konaté and Stefan Ilsanker . This was also combined with a strained relationship with Manager Ralph Hasenhüttl . By the time of his departure, Compper made three appearances for the side in the first half of 2017–18 season. It was reported that Celtic had
9882-405: The mandatory UEFA Pro Licence . On 4 April 2022, Zaur Khapov was appointed Lokomotiv manager, but club's sporting director Thomas Zorn commented that this is a formality as Khapov possesses a proper license, and Compper will continue performing most of the manager's duties. On 30 June 2022, Josef Zinnbauer was appointed head coach of Lokomotiv, with Compper continuing to work at the club. Compper
10004-607: The men's tournament is the most-watched annual sporting event in the world. Association football is one of a family of football codes that emerged from various ball games played worldwide since antiquity. Within the English-speaking world, the sport is now usually called "football" in Great Britain and most of Ulster in the north of Ireland, whereas people usually call it "soccer" in regions and countries where other codes of football are prevalent, such as Australia, Canada, South Africa, most of Ireland (excluding Ulster), and
10126-525: The nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the IFAB. In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of association football. Within the United States, Major League Soccer used a distinct ruleset during the 1990s and the National Federation of State High School Associations and NCAA still use rulesets that are comparable to, but different from,
10248-443: The next stoppage of play. The referee's decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final. The score of a match cannot be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect. VfL Bochum Verein für Leibesübungen Bochum 1848 Fußballgemeinschaft , commonly referred to as VfL Bochum ( German pronunciation: [faʊ̯ʔɛfˌʔɛl ˈboːxʊm] ),
10370-426: The offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute, substituted player, and to non-players such as managers and support staff. Rather than stopping play,
10492-429: The opening game of the season well when he set up a goal for Peniel Mlapa , in a 4–1 win over Werder Bremen. He started out playing in the left–back position when Manager Ralf Rangnick preferred Isaac Vorsah and Josip Šimunić as their centre–backs instead. Compper started every match until he suffered a back injury that kept him out of the game for two matches. He returned to the centre–back position, where he started
10614-461: The original thirteen laws of the game. The sticking point was hacking, which a twelfth club at the meeting, Blackheath FC , had wanted to keep, resulting in them withdrawing from the FA. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA, and instead in 1871, along with Blackheath, formed the Rugby Football Union . The FA rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and
10736-432: The pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (115 yd) long and 68 m (74 yd) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented. The longer boundary lines are touchlines , while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are goal lines . A rectangular goal
10858-437: The pitch, making it more socially acceptable for women to play. The first match recorded by the Scottish Football Association took place in 1892 in Glasgow . In England, the first recorded game of football between women took place in 1895. Women's football has traditionally been associated with charity games and physical exercise, particularly in the United Kingdom. Association football continued to be played by women since
10980-437: The player spends the most time. For example, there are central defenders and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of
11102-400: The players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa . Trailing 1–0 with two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty kick. Villa's goalkeeper deliberately kicked the ball out of play; by
11224-416: The referee may allow play to continue if doing so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as "playing an advantage". The referee may "call back" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within "a few seconds". Even if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at
11346-419: The referee. Stoppage time does not fully compensate for the time in which the ball is out of play , and a 90-minute game typically involves about an hour of "effective playing time". The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half, the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time they intend to add. The fourth official then informs
11468-440: The respective six confederations. The World Cup has been held every four years since; by 2019 , it had expanded to 24 national teams, and 1.12 billion viewers watched the competition. Four years later , FIFA targeted the 32-team 2023 Women's World Cup at an audience of 2 billion, while about 1.4 million tickets were sold, setting a Women's World Cup record. Women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996 . North America
11590-534: The rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart. At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2022–23 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.85 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers , or forwards, whose main task
11712-412: The sending off, Compper then scored his first goal for the club, in a 1–1 draw against Köln on 4 March 2012. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Compper went on to make a total of 33 appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. In the 2012–13 season, Compper continued to feature in the first team as a centre–back position after an appointment of Markus Babbel . In absence of Tim Wiese , Compper
11834-543: The sexes are so widely divided are all on the side of emancipation , and I look forward to the time when ladies may sit in Parliament and have a voice in the direction of affairs, especially those which concern them most." Honeyball and those like her paved the way for women's football. However, the women's game was frowned upon by the British football associations and continued without their support. It has been suggested that this
11956-475: The side since the start of the season. However, in November 2016, Compper suffered a tear in a joint capsule that kept him out for the whole year. Compper then scored on his return from injury on 21 January 2017, in a 3–0 win over Eintracht Frankfurt . Since returning from injury, Compper continued to regain his first team place towards the end of the season and helped the side finish in the second place to qualify for
12078-505: The side, alongside Tim Sebastain and Lukas Klostermann in the central–defence position. This lasted until Compper was suspended for a yellow bookable offence in February 2015. After returning, Compper was given the captaincy for a match against FSV Frankfurt on 15 February 2015, which they lost 1–0. His return was short–lived when he was sent–off in the first half, in a 0–0 draw against Karlsruher SC on 9 March 2015, resulting in him serving
12200-411: The summer transfer window of 2014, Compper was expected to leave the club, as his first team opportunities at Fiorentina became limited. As a result, he was dropped from the squad ahead of the club's pre–season tour. On 2 August 2014, Compper joined 2. Bundesliga side RB Leipzig , signing a three–year contract. He was previously heavily linked with a move to Hellas Verona over the summer. However, it
12322-457: The table and Compper, himself, suffered setbacks despite having playing time. He captained the side for the first time on 2 May 2009, where he played the whole game, in a 4–0 loss against Wolfsburg. Despite being further setbacks during the 2008–09 season, Compper finished his full season at the club, making the total of 32 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. In the 2009–10 season, Compper, continued to remain his first team, playing in
12444-459: The third round, where they were eliminated by Ajax , and in 2004, they were eliminated early through away goals (0–0 and 1–1) by Standard Liège . In the 2020–21 season, the club won the 2. Bundesliga, earning promotion to the Bundesliga. In the 2023–24 season, the club was in a relegation playoff with Fortuna Düsseldorf , however won 6–5 on penalties, after initially being 3–0 down in the first leg. Today's sports club has 5,000 members, with
12566-447: The time it was recovered, the clock had run out and the game was over, leaving Stoke unable to attempt the penalty. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until a penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed; thus, no game can end with an uncompleted penalty. In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required, various methods may be employed to break such
12688-531: The time of the first recorded women's games in the late 19th century. The best-documented early European team was founded by activist Nettie Honeyball in England in 1894. It was named the British Ladies' Football Club . Honeyball is quoted as, "I founded the association late last year [1894], with the fixed resolve of proving to the world that women are not the 'ornamental and useless' creatures men have pictured. I must confess, my convictions on all matters where
12810-422: The tournament or be the champion. Goals scored during extra time periods count towards the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament, with goals scored in a penalty shoot-out not making up part of the final score. In competitions using two-legged matches , each team competes at home once, with an aggregate score from
12932-597: The transmission of cuju outside of China, especially the form of the game popular in the Tang dynasty , the period when the inflatable ball was invented and replaced the stuffed ball. Other East Asian games include kemari in Japan and chuk-guk in Korea, both influenced by cuju . Kemari originated after the year 600 during the Asuka period . It was a ceremonial rather than
13054-439: The two matches deciding which team progresses. Where aggregates are equal, the away goals rule may be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that scored the most goals in the leg they played away from home. If the result is still equal, extra time and potentially a penalty shoot-out are required. Under the Laws, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in play and ball out of play . From
13176-426: The whole game in the centre–back position, in a 2–0 win over Wehen Wiesbaden . Ahead of the follow-up match against his former club, Borussia Mönchengladbach, on 10 February 2008, Compper made an interview with Bild , where he said he had no grudge on his departure from the club. He played the whole match against his former club, where he set up a goal for Demba Ba , in a 4–2 win. Compper quickly established himself in
13298-434: The whole game, in a 3–2 win over Borussia Mönchengladbach on 17 October 2010. Following this, he managed to regain his role as a centre–back position for the rest of the season. On 18 December 2010, Compper scored his first goal of the season in a 1–1 draw against Nürnberg. However, in late March, Compper found himself in an incident with teammate Sejad Salihović at training; the two later resolved their differences. Ahead of
13420-510: Was Charterhouse . The Freemasons' Tavern was the setting for five more meetings of The FA between October and December 1863; the English FA eventually issued the first comprehensive set of rules named Laws of the Game , forming modern football. The laws included bans on running with the ball in hand and hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Eleven clubs, under the charge of FA secretary Ebenezer Cobb Morley , ratified
13542-415: Was born in August 2017. 1899 Hoffenheim RB Leipzig Association football Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch . The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving
13664-405: Was called up by Germany for the first time. Five days later after being called up again, on 19 November 2008, Compper received his sole international cap in a friendly against England , making him the first Hoffenheim player to be capped by Germany . After the match, Compper reflected on his debut, saying: "I was very happy to play from the start, but my debut was only marred by the defeat, it's
13786-469: Was dismissed by Lokomotiv on 5 September 2022, following a weak start of the 2022–23 season. Born in Tübingen , West Germany to a German mother and French father from Guadeloupe, Compper has French citizenship, due to his father's origins. Growing up, Compper was a fan of Paris Saint-Germain , idolising George Weah and David Ginola . Compper had a son, Elijah, with his wife Cathrin and their second child
13908-655: Was eligible to play for Germany and France , as he got a citizenship. Having previously represented the Germany U17 and Germany U18 side, Compper was called up by Germany U20 for the first time, making his debut against Italy U20 on 16 February 2005. Three months after making his debut, Compper was called to the Germany U20 squad for the FIFA World Youth Championship in Netherlands. After appearing twice as
14030-527: Was first recorded as in exercise in the Zhan Guo Ce , a military history from the Han dynasty . Cuju players would pass the ball around, having to avoid it touching the ground at any point. It was then passed to a designated player, who attempted to kick it through the fengliu yan , a circular goal atop 10–11 meter poles. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), cuju games were standardised and rules were established. The Silk Road facilitated
14152-419: Was first recorded in 1889 in the earlier form of socca . Kicking ball games arose independently multiple times across multiple cultures. The Chinese competitive game cuju ( 蹴鞠 , literally "kickball"; also known as tsu chu ) resembles modern association football as well as a mix of basketball, and volleyball. This is the earliest form of a kicking game for which there is historical evidence. The game
14274-408: Was given the captaincy role in September 2012. The club won back to back matches against Hannover 96 and Stuttgart. He started in every match until his sending off for a second bookable offence, in a 1–1 draw against Fortuna Düsseldorf on 10 November 2012. Compper also captained the side four more times until he was dropped from the first team in January 2013 over a comment he made about the club. As
14396-427: Was made clear he wanted to play in the Bundesliga before joining RB Leipzig. Upon joining the club, he was given a number 33 shirt ahead of the new season. After being an unused substitute in the first two matches, Compper made his RB Leipzig debut on 22 August 2014, where he came on as a substitute for injured Niklas Hoheneder , in a 1–0 win over Erzgebirge Aue . Since making his debut, Compper started every match for
14518-497: Was motivated by a perceived threat to the "masculinity" of the game. Women's football became popular on a large scale at the time of the First World War , when female employment in heavy industry spurred the growth of the game, much as it had done for men 50 years earlier. The most successful team of the era was Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C. of Preston, England . The team played in one of the first women's international matches against
14640-500: Was named Man of the Match. He started in every match since the opening game of the season until his sending off in the final minutes of the game after fouling Tomáš Pekhart , in a 2–0 win over Nürnberg on 10 December 2011. After serving a two match suspension, Compper was again sent–off in the first half for a foul, in a 1–0 loss against Greuther Fürth in the quarter–final ; in what turned out to be Stanislawski's last game as Manager. Despite
14762-429: Was promoted to the first team and made his debut during the 2005–06 season . His first appearance for the club came on 1 October 2005, coming on as a second–half substitute for injured Jeff Strasser , in a 1–0 loss against 1. FSV Mainz 05 . Because he spent most of the season on the substitute bench, Compper ended up making only five appearances during the season. In the 2006–07 season, Compper made four appearances for
14884-483: Was soon on the substitute bench and struggled for a place the first team, as he faced competition in the central defence position. On 23 January 2014, he scored a late winner against Siena in the quarter-finals of the Coppa Italia , as Fiorentina recorded a 2–1 victory. Despite suffering from an injury later in the season, Compper finished his second season, making 19 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. In
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